Arvinder Singh Sandhu, Aditya Dharmadhikari, Paramel Pattathil Rajeev, G. Ravindra Kumar
We report the first femtosecond resolved evolution of the giant magnetic field in a solid plasma, produced by a 100 fs, 10^16 W cm^-2, 806 nm laser field, using a pump-probe Faraday rotation technique.
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Intense magnetic fields modify the properties of extremely dense matter via complex processes that call for precise measurements in very harsh conditions. This endeavor becomes even more challenging because the generation of mega-gauss fields in a laboratory is far from trivial. This paper presents a unique and compact approach to generate fields above 2 mega-gauss in less than 150 ns, inside a volume close to half a cubic centimeter. Magnetic insulation, keeping plasma ablation close to the wire surface, and mechanical inertia, limiting coil motion throughout the current discharge, enable the…
Generation of mega-gauss axial and azimuthal magnetic fields in a solid plasma by ultrahigh intensity, circularly polarised femtosecond laser pulses
实验和模拟表明，圆偏振飞秒激光在固体等离子体中同时产生量级相当的轴向和方位角磁场，且圆偏振增强轴向约束，并捕捉到磁场的湍流演化。
10$^4$-fold amplification of a tiny magnetic field to megagauss scale in femtosecond, ultraintense laser-solid interaction
本研究利用超强飞秒激光与钕磁铁固体相互作用，将10$^{-3}$兆高斯弱磁场放大至数十兆高斯，并通过PIC模拟揭示轴向磁场放大的发电机机制。
A microtube implosion driven by ultraintense laser pulses is used to produce ultrahigh magnetic fields. Due to the laser-produced hot electrons with energies of mega-electron volts, cold ions in the inner wall surface implode towards the central axis. By pre-seeding uniform magnetic fields on the kilotesla order, the Lorenz force induces the Larmor gyromotion of the imploding ions and electrons. Due to the resultant collective motion of relativistic charged particles around the central axis, strong spin current densities of ~ peta-ampere/cm2 are produced with a few tens of nm size, generating …
A pump-probe polarimetric technique is demonstrated, which provides a complete, temporally and spatially-resolved mapping of the megagauss magnetic fields generated in intense short-pulse laser-plasma interactions. A normally-incident time-delayed probe pulse reflected from its critical surface undergoes a change in its ellipticity according to the magneto-optic Cotton-Mouton effect due to the azimuthal nature of the ambient self-generated megagauss magnetic fields. The temporal resolution of the magnetic field mapping is of the order of the pulsewidth, whereas a spatial resolution of a few mi…
Femtosecond dynamics on the nanoscale of intense laser-induced grating plasma
本文利用泵浦-探测技术，在飞秒时间与纳米空间尺度上测量了强激光驱动光栅等离子体的超快演化，捕捉了固相-等离子体转变及膨胀过程，为粒子加速和高次谐波研究提供了关键数据与模拟基准。
The interaction of intense femtosecond laser pulses with atomic Argon clusters has been investigated by using nano-plasma model. Based on the dynamic simulations, ionization process, heating and expansion of a cluster after irradiation by femtosecond laser pulses at intensities up to 2*1017 Wcm-2 are studied. The analytical calculation provides ionization ratefor different mechanisms and time evolution of the density of electrons for different pulse shapes. In this approach the strong dependence of laser intensity, pulse duration and laser shape on the electron energy, the electron density and…
We present the effect of a nanostructured surface on the emission of ions and electrons from intense (5-36 Petwatt per sq.cm) femtosecond laser produced plasmas. Electrons from optically polished copper targets coated with copper nanoparticles (CuNP) are observed to be hotter than those from uncoated polished targets. A nearly two-fold enhancement is observed for ions in the range 14-74 keV, while ion yield decreases by a factor of 2 in the 74-2000 keV range. The total ion yields measured using a large area Faraday cup are more from CuNP targets than those from polished Cu targets, indicating …
A theoretical model is developed for the interaction of intense femtosecond laser pulses with solid targets on the basis of the two-temperature equation of state for an irradiated substance. It allows the description of the dynamics of the plasma formation and expansion. Comparison of available experimental data on the amplitude and phase of the complex reflection coefficient of aluminum with the simulation results provides new information on the transport coefficients and absorption capacity of the strongly coupled Al plasma over a wide range of temperatures and pressures.
Femtosecond reduction of atomic scattering factors triggered by intense x-ray pulse
本文通过实验与模拟发现，强度达10^19 W/cm²量级的飞秒X射线脉冲会使硅原子因快速电离而在飞秒尺度降低散射因子，从而抑制衍射，并为新型X射线非线性技术提供基础。
Bright Ar K-shell x-ray with very little background has been generated using an Ar clustering gas jet target irradiated with an 800 mJ, 30 fs ultra-high contrast laser, with the measured flux of 1.1 x 10^4 photons/mrad^2/pulse. This intense x-ray source critically depends on the laser contrast and the laser energy and the optimization of this source with interaction is addressed. Electron driven by laser electric field directly via nonlinear resonant is proved in simulation, resulting in effective electron heating and the enhancement of x-ray emission. The x-ray pulse duration is demonstrated …
Frequency downshifting stair for ultra-intense femtosecond lasers through a plasma-photonics structure
本文提出了一种基于等离子体-光子结构的频率下移阶梯方案，实现超高强度飞秒激光的波长连续调谐和高效率转换。
Ultra-intense laser-matter interaction experiments (>10$^{18}$ W/cm$^{2}$) with dense targets are highly sensitive to the effect of laser "noise" (in the form of pre-pulses) preceding the main ultra-intense pulse. These system-dependent pre-pulses in the nanosecond and/or picosecond regimes are often intense enough to modify the target significantly by ionizing and forming a plasma layer in front of the target. Time resolved interferometry offers a robust way to characterize the expanding plasma during this period. We have developed a novel pump-probe interferometry system for an ultra-intense…
Controlling intense, ultrashort, laser-driven relativistic mega-ampere electron fluxes by a modest, static magnetic field
本文实验证明0.1特斯拉静磁场即可引导30飞秒激光驱动的兆安电子束在钕靶中传播5毫米，通量密度提升近3倍，模拟预测可调谐近单色高能特征，对辐射源、激光聚变和实验室天体物理有重要价值。
Spatio-Temporal Synchronization of Counter-Propagating Femtosecond Pulses
针对逆康普顿散射与强场QED研究对反向传播强激光脉冲时空同步的需求，提出结合显微镜定位、波前传感器对准与干涉延迟扫描的方案，观测到72 fs干涉窗口并讨论了同步精度。
PIConGPU modeling of nanoplasma formation in helium nanodroplets irradiated by intense femtosecond laser pulses
使用 GPU 加速的 PIConGPU 模拟含百万原子的氦纳米液滴与强飞秒激光相互作用，再现电子和离子观测特征，证明其能高效模拟纳米等离子体形成。
Mapping the complete evolution of magnetic excitation in beam-plasma system driven by an ultra-intense, femtosecond laser
本文首次直接测量了超高强度激光固体靶等离子体中前向电流与回流电流相互作用引发的电磁束驱动不稳定性的飞秒时间尺度完整演化过程，弥补了以往仅依赖拉曼或布里渊散射等次级信号间接研究不稳定性的不足。
The kinetic Boltzmann equation is used to model the non-equilibrium ionization phase that initiates the evolution of atomic clusters irradiated with single pulses of intense vacuum ultraviolet radiation. The duration of the pulses is < 50 fs and their intensity in the focus is < 10^{14} W/cm^2. This statistical model includes various processes contributing to the sample dynamics at this particular radiation wavelength, and is computationally efficient also for large samples. Two effects are investigated in detail: the impact of the electron heating rate and the effect of the plasma environment…
We theoretically investigate the optical energy absorption of crystalline silicon subject to dual-color femtosecond laser pulses, using the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). We employ the modified Becke-Johnson (mBJ) exchange-correlation potential which reproduces the experimental direct bandgap energy $E_g$. We consider situations where the one color is in the ultraviolet (UV) range above $E_g$ and the other in the infrared (IR) range below it. The energy deposition is examined as a function of mixing ratio $η$ of the two colors with the total pulse energy conserved. Energy tr…
The paper reports the results of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of proton beam acceleration at the interactions of a 130 fs laser pulse of intensity from the range of 10^21-10^23 W/cm^2, predicted for the Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) lasers currently built in Europe, with a thin hydrocarbon (CH) target. A special attention is paid to the effect of the laser pulse intensity and polarization (linear-LP, circular-CP) as well as the target thickness on the proton energy spectrum, the proton beam spatial distribution and the proton pulse shape and intensity. It is shown that for…
We demonstrate ultrashort (6 ps), multi-Megagauss (27 MG) magnetic pulses generated upon interaction of an intense laser pulse (10^{16} Wcm^-2, 100 fs) with a solid target. The temporal evolution of these giant fields generated near the high density critical layer is obtained with the highest resolution reported so far. Particle-in-cell simulations and phenomenological modeling is used to explain the results. The first direct observations of anomalously rapid damping of plasma shielding currents produced in response to the hot electron currents penetrating the bulk plasma are presented.
Capturing the three dimensional, nano-scale, pico-second dynamics of plasma mirrors with intense ultrashort laser wavefront measurement
本文提出利用波前测量与泵浦-探测技术直接测量等离子体镜纳米动力学，实现纳米轴向、微米横向和飞秒时间分辨率的三维表面重建。
The tremendous applications of terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and imaging require THz sources in different parameters. We propose a novel scheme to generate single-cycle powerful THz pulses by ultrashort intense laser pulses incident obliquely on a tenuous plasma slab of few THz wavelengths in thickness. This is made possible by driving a large amplitude electron plasma wave in the plasma slab, thus producing a net transient current at the plasma surfaces. Theory and simulations show that such a THz source is capable of providing megawatt power and field strength of MV/cm, which may open up new …
The advent of x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has enabled a range of new experimental investigations into the properties of matter driven to extreme conditions via intense x-ray-matter interactions. The femtosecond timescales of these interactions lead to the creation of transient high-energy-density plasmas, where both the electrons and the ions may be far from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). Predictive modelling of such systems remains challenging because of the substantially different timescales on which electrons and ions thermalize, and because of the vast number of atomic confi…
The formation of relativistic electron mirror produced via ionization of thin solid target by ultraintense femtosecond laser pulse is considered with the help of computer simulations. It is shown that the reflection of weak counter-propagating wave from such a mirror can produce the coherent radiation in X-ray and gamma-ray bands. The spectrum of up-conversed radiation is investigated.
We studied the dynamics of solvated electrons in the early stage of plasma generation in water induced with an intense femtosecond laser pulse. According to the decay kinetics of solvated electrons, fast recombination process of solvated electrons (geminate recombination) occurred with a more prolonged lifetime (500 ps to 1 ns) than that observed in previous pulse photolysis studies (10-100 ps). This unusually longer lifetime is attributed to additional production of solvated electrons due to abundant free electrons generated with the laser-induced plasma, implying significant influence of fre…
With the rapid development of short-pulse intense laser sources, studies of matter under extreme irradiation conditions enter further unexplored regimes. In addition, an application of X-ray Free- Electron Lasers (XFELs), delivering intense femtosecond X-ray pulses allows to investigate sample evolution in IR pump - X-ray probe experiments with an unprecedented time resolution. Here we present the detailed study of periodic plasma created from the colloidal crystal. Both experimental data and theory modeling show that the periodicity in the sample survives to a large extent the extreme excitat…
The processes of energy gain and redistribution in a dense gas subject to an intense ultrashort laser pulse are investigated theoretically for the case of high-pressure argon. The electrons released via strong-field ionization and driven by oscillating laser field collide with neutral neighbor atoms, thus effecting the energy gain in the emerging electron gas via a short-range inverse Bremsstrahlung interaction. These collisions also cause excitation and impact ionization of the atoms thus reducing the electron-gas energy. A kinetic model of these competing processes is developed which predict…
We show theoretically that an intense femtosecond optical pulse incident normally on a metal surface tends to decay into a pair of counter-propagating surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs). The interference field heats the medium periodically, which causes a periodic permittivity perturbation and resonantly amplifies the magnitudes of SPPs. The instability growth time is only 10-50 fs for typical metals at damaging laser fluences. This mechanism is promising for the interpretation of laser-induced periodic surface structures formation in a single-pulse pumping regime.
Intense widely-controlled terahertz radiation from laser-driven wires
本研究提出用强飞秒激光照射细金属丝产生沿丝表面传播的放电波以发射特性可控的强太赫兹辐射的方案，验证了其鲁棒性、通用性及数百分点的高转换效率，为太赫兹辐射的可控产生提供了新途径。
Reaching gigagauss magnetic fields opens new horizons both in atomic and plasma physics. At these magnetic field strengths, the electron cyclotron energy $\hbarω_{c}$ becomes comparable to the atomic binding energy (the Rydberg), and the cyclotron frequency $ω_{c}$ approaches the plasma frequency at solid state densities that significantly modifies optical properties of the target. The generation of such strong quasistatic magnetic fields in laboratory remains a challenge. Using supercomputer simulations, we demonstrate how it can be achieved all-optically by irradiating a micro-channel target…
High frequency modulations appearing in the kinetic energy distribution of laser accelerated ions are proposed for retrieving the acceleration field dynamics at femtosecond time scale. Such an approach becomes possible if the laser-cycling field modulates the particle density in the ion spectra and produces quasi time stamps for analysis. We investigate target and laser parameters determining this effect and discuss the dependencies of the observed modulation. Our findings refine a basic mechanism, the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration, where an intense and ultrafast laser pulse produces a ver…
The mechanism of ablation of solids by intense femtosecond laser pulses is described in an explicit analytical form. It is shown that at high intensities when the ionization of the target material is complete before the end of the pulse, the ablation mechanism is the same for both metals and dielectrics. The physics of this new ablation regime involves ion acceleration in the electrostatic field caused by charge separation created by energetic electrons escaping from the target. The formulae for ablation thresholds and ablation rates for metals and dielectrics, combining the laser and target p…
Electromagnetic radiation within the terahertz (THz) frequency range is of great interest for applications in remote sensing and time-domain spectroscopy. The laser-induced plasmas are promising mediums for generating THz radiation. It has been recently reported that focusing femtosecond Bessel pulses inside dielectrics induces a high aspect ratio over-critical plasmas. Here we show that the intense resonantly driven electrostatic fields at the so-called critical surface lead to THz radiation emission. Through three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation and analytical derivation, we have inv…
A brightness of a betatron radiation generated by laser wakefield accelerated electrons can be increased by utilizing the laser driver with shorter duration at the same energy. Such shortening is possible by pulse compression after its nonlinear self-phase modulation in thin plate. However, this method can lead to a rather complex femtosecond-scale time structure of the pulse. In this work, the results of numerical simulations show that the presence of a pedestal or prepulses containing few percents or more of the main pulse energy can inhibit the acceleration process and lead to lower energie…
The hybrid Stimulated Raman Scattering - Two Plasmon Decay instability had shown to play the dominant role for plasma waves excitation and energy absorption at interaction of very intense femtosecond obliquely incident $p$-polarized laser pulse (intensity $10^{17}-5\cdot10^{19}$ W/cm$^2$) with a steep gradient ($L\sim λ$) plasma near the quarter critical surface, i.e. within the typical for modern experiments conditions. The plasmons are excited as two wave packets confined near this surface with very wide $\approx ω_0/c$ spatial spectra along its normal. Hence, phase matching conditions for 3…
The advent of ultrahigh-power femtosecond lasers creates a need for optical components suitable to handle ultrahigh light intensities. Due to the unavoidable laser-induced ionization of matter, these components will have to be based on a plasma medium. An archetype of such optical elements is a plasma mirror, created when an intense femtosecond laser pulse impinges on a solid target. It consists of a dense plasma, formed by the laser field itself, which specularly reflects the main part of the pulse. Plasma mirrors have major potential applications as active optical elements to manipulate the …
The basic understanding of high-intensity femtosecond laser absorption in a solid is crucial for high-energy-density science. This multidimensional problem has many variables like laser parameters, solid target material, and geometry of the excitation. This is important for a basic understanding of intense laser-matter interaction as well for applications such as `plasma mirror'. Here, we have experimentally observed high-intensity, high-contrast femtosecond laser absorption by an optically polished fused silica target at near-relativistic laser intensities ($\sim$10$^{18}$ W/cm$^2$). The lase…
Intrinsic femtosecond structure of extreme contrast harmonic pulses: influence on relativistic laser-solid interactions
本研究发现二倍频谐波脉冲上升沿的飞秒结构会改变局部场与电子轨迹，关键性地影响相对论激光与固体靶的相互作用，Particle-in-cell (PIC) 模拟证实了该实验结果。
The wake field excitation in an unmagnetized plasma by a multi-petawatt, femtosecond, pancake-shaped laser pulse is described both analytically and numerically in the regime with ultrarelativistic electron jitter velocities, when the plasma electrons are almost expelled from the pulse region. This is done, for the first time, in fluid theory. A novel mathematical model is devised that does not break down for very intense pump strengths, in contrast to the standard approach that uses the laser field envelope and the ponderomotive guiding center averaging. This is accomplished by employing a thr…
The influence of laser frequency on laser-driven ion acceleration is investigated by means of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. When ultrashort intense laser pulse at higher harmonic frequency irradiates a thin solid foil, the target may become relativistically transparent for significantly lower laser pulse intensity compared to irradiation at fundamental laser frequency. The relativistically induced transparency results in an enhanced heating of hot electrons as well as increased maximum energies of accelerated ions and their numbers. Our simulation results have shown the increas…
The dynamical properties of Cu in a regime relevant to femtosecond micro machining are obtained on picosecond time scales using pump-probe reflectivity study for 100fs, 1015 W cm-2 laser pulses. The electrical resistivity is obtained by solving Helmoltz equations. The dissipation mechanisms and scaling laws are obtained in high and low temperature limits. The 'resistivity saturation' effect in an unexplored regime intermediate to hot plasma and cold solid is studied in detail. The temperature evolution and thermal conductivity is obtained in the temporal range 0 to 30ps after the interaction o…
Relativistic wakes produced by intense laser or particle beams propagating through plasmas are being considered as accelerators for next generation of colliders and coherent light sources. Such wakes have been shown to accelerate electrons and positrons to several gigaelectronvolts (GeV), with a few percent energy spread and a high wake-to-beam energy transfer efficiency. However, complete mapping of electric field structure of the wakes has proven elusive. Here we show that a high-energy electron bunch can be used to probe the fields of such light-speed wakes with femtosecond resolution. The …
Ionization dynamics of submicron-sized clusters in intense ultrafast laser pulses
本研究针对强激光-团簇实验及激光加工中的亚微米靶材，结合Mie计算与粒子模拟揭示了不同激光强度下亚微米团簇的电离动力学机制，为相关实验与微纳加工提供理论支撑。
Electron dynamics in the bulk of large band gap dielectric crystals induced by intense femtosecond laser pulses at 800 nm is studied. With laser intensities under the ablation threshold (a few 10 TW/cm\textsuperscript{2}), electrons with unexpected energies in excess of 40-50 eV are observed by using the photoemission spectroscopy. A theoretical approach based on the Boltzmann kinetic equation including state-of-the-art modeling for various particles interactions is developed to interpret these experimental observations. A direct comparison shows that both electron heating in the bulk and a fu…
We studied the hard x-ray emission and the K-alpha x-ray conversion efficiency produced by 60 fs high contrast frequency doubled Ti: sapphire laser pulse focused on Cu foil target. Cu K-alpha photon emission obtained with second harmonic laser pulse is more intense than the case of fundamental laser pulse. The Cu K-alpha conversion efficiency shows strong dependence on laser nonlinearly skewed pulse shape and reaches the maximum value 4x10-4 with 100 fs negatively skewed pulse. It shows the electron spectrum shaping contribute to the increase of conversion efficiency. Particle-in-cell simulati…
A novel deflection effect of an intense laser beam with spin angular momentum is revealed theoretically by an analytical modeling using radiation pressure and momentum balance of laser plasma interaction in the relativistic regime, as a deviation from the law of reflection. The reflected beam deflects out of the plane of incidence with a deflection angle up to several milliradians, when a non-linear polarized laser, with the intensity $I_0\sim10^{19}$W/cm$^2$ and duration around tens of femtoseconds, is obliquely incident and reflected by an overdense plasma target. This effect originates from…
Supercontinuum (SC) light source has advanced ultrafast laser spectroscopy in condensed matter science, biology, physics, and chemistry. Compared to the frequently used photonic crystal fibers and bulk materials, femtosecond laser filamentation in gases is damage-immune for supercontinuum generation. A bottleneck problem is the strong jitters from filament induced self-heating at kHz repetition rate level. We demonstrate stable kHz supercontinuum generation directly in air with multiple mJ level pulse energy. This is achieved by applying an external DC electric field to the air plasma filament…
The collision of ultra-relativistic electron beams with intense short laser pulses makes possible to study QED in the high-intensity regime. Present day high-intensity lasers mostly operate with short pulse durations of several tens of femtoseconds, i.e. only a few optical cycles. A profound theoretical understanding of short pulse effects is important not only for studying fundamental aspects of high-intensity laser matter interaction, but also for applications as novel X- and gamma-ray radiation sources. In this article we give a brief overview of the theory of high-intensity QED with focus …
A highly intense femtosecond laser pulse incident on a plasma target of supercritical density, gives rise to reflected high-order harmonics of the laser frequency. The radiation model adopted here considers Brunel electrons -those reinjected into the plasma after performing a vacuum excursion-perturbed by a localized turbulent region of an electrostatic field that is generated during the interaction, and characterized by a soliton-like structure. The observed power spectrum is characterized by a power-law decay scaled as P_m ~ m^{-p}, here m denotes the harmonic order. In this work an appeal i…
Bright, directional electron emission from nanowire coated targets under petawatt, femtosecond irradiation
研究探讨了在高功率激光照射下纳米线靶标在无等离子体镜条件下的生存能力和电子发射增强机制，表明在更高对比度条件下，纳米线靶标能在10 PW级别产生类似的增强效果。
We demonstrate the potential of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFEL) to advancethe understanding of complex plasma dynamics by allowing for the first time nanometer and femtosecond resolution at the same time in plasma diagnostics. Plasma phenomena on such short timescales are of high relevance for many fields of physics, in particular in the ultra-intense ultra-short laser interaction with matter. Highly relevant yet only partially understood phenomena may become directly accessible in experiment. These include relativistic laser absorption at solid targets, creation of energetic electrons and e…
Monitoring of nanoplasmonics-assisted deuterium production in a polymer seeded with resonant Au nanorods using in situ femtosecond laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
本研究利用原位飞秒激光诱导击穿光谱证实，在掺杂共振金纳米棒的聚合物中，高强度飞秒激光脉冲通过局域表面等离子体场增强效应诱导氘产生，且嬗变程度随激光能量线性增加。
In the laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) a short intense laser pulse, with a duration of the order of a plasma wave period, excites an unusually strong plasma wake wave (laser wakefield). Recent experiments on laser wakefield acceleration [Nature (London) 431, p.535, p.538, p.541 (2004)] demonstrated generation of ultra-short (with a duration of a few femtoseconds) relativistic electron bunches with relatively low energy spread of the order of a few percent. We have studied the dynamics of such bunches in vacuum and in laser wakefield. The results show strong bunch dynamics already on a few m…
We demonstrate an intense broadband terahertz (THz) source based on the interaction of relativistic-intensity femtosecond lasers with aligned copper nanorod array targets. For copper nanorod targets with length 5 μm, a maximum 13.8 times enhancement in the THz pulse energy (in $\leq$ 20 THz spectral range) is measured as compared to that with a thick plane copper target under the same laser conditions. A further increase in the nanorod length leads to a decrease in the THz pulse energy at medium frequencies ($\leq$ 20THz) and increase of the electromagnetic pulse energy in the high-frequency r…
Collimated hot electron generation from sub-wavelength grating target irradiated by a femtosecond laser pulse of relativistic intensity
本研究针对相对论强度超短激光与亚波长光栅靶作用产热电子的问题，通过实验对比平面靶发现光栅靶可产生沿镜面方向的准直热电子且温度、产额更高，数值模拟揭示了场加速机制，为准直快电子束的多领域应用提供支撑。
Coherent Control of Relativistic Electron Dynamics in Plasma Nanophotonics
本文提出利用纳米工程介电纳米柱靶操控局部场，实现相对论电子的亚飞秒、纳米尺度相干控制，实验和模拟证明其可增强加速并调控电子方向性，同时预测可形成亚飞秒电子束团，为激光加速器和等离子体技术发展提供新途径。
The complex physics of the interaction between short pulse high intensity lasers and solids is so far hardly accessible by experiments. As a result of missing experimental capabilities to probe the complex electron dynamics and competing instabilities, this impedes the development of compact laser-based next generation secondary radiation sources, e.g. for tumor therapy [Bulanov2002,ledingham2007], laboratory-astrophysics [Remington1999,Bulanov2015], and fusion [Tabak2014]. At present, the fundamental plasma dynamics that occur at the nanometer and femtosecond scales during the laser-solid int…
Two dimensional particle-in-cell simulations characterizing the interaction of ultraintense short pulse lasers in the range 10^{18} \leq I \leq 10^{20} W/cm^{2} with converging target geometries are presented. Seeking to examine intensity amplification in high-power laser systems, where focal spots are typically non-diffraction limited, we describe key dynamical features as the injected laser intensity and convergence angle of the target are systematically varied. We find that laser pulses are focused down to a wavelength with the peak intensity amplified by an order of magnitude beyond its va…
We consider interaction of a high-energy electron beam with two counterpropagating femtosecond laser pulses. Nonlinear Compton scattering and electron-positron pair production by the emitted photons result in development of an electromagnetic "shower-type" cascade, which however collapses rather quickly due to energy losses by secondary particles. Nevertheless, the laser field accelerates the low-energy electrons and positrons trapped in the focal region, thus giving rise to development of electromagnetic cascade of another type ("avalanche-type"). This effect of cascade collapse and revival c…
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