Laser induced collisions between Lithium isotopes
Evgueni V. Kovarski
近共振冷却机制为锂同位素的激光诱导激发及其碰撞电离实验提供了理论依据。
The near resonant cooling mechanism have offered for the experiment with laser induced excitation of Lithium isotopes and its ionization by collisions.
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Simultaneous Magneto-Optical Trapping of Two Lithium Isotopes
在基于全半导体激光器系统的磁光阱中，同时囚禁了4 × 10^8费米子6 Li原子和9 × 10^9玻色子7 Li原子。我们优化了用于交感蒸发冷却的双同位素样品。这是产生费米锂原子量子简并气体的关键一步。
Non-relativistic ab initio calculations for $2^2S$, $2^2P$ and $3^2D$ lithium isotopes: Applications to polarizabilities and dispersion interactions
计算了锂同位素$^6$ Li和$^7$ Li在基态$2^2S$和激发态$2^2P$和$3^2D$的电偶极极化率和超极化率，以及Li的主导共振和色散长程系数（$2^2S$）--Li用变分波函数在Hylleraas基组上对Li（$2^2S$）和Li（$2^2S$）-Li（$2^2P$）体系进行了非相对论计算.比较发表的结果，在可用的。我们发现，由于两项之间的近似抵消，$2^2S$态的第二超极化率的值对同位素质量敏感。对于$3^2D$态极化率张量，计算出的分量与单次实验测量的分量和半经验计算的分量不一致。
Isotope Shift Measurements of Stable and Short-Lived Lithium Isotopes for Nuclear Charge Radii Determination
使用精确的同位素位移测量和理论原子结构计算的组合，确定了沿锂同位素链的均方核电荷半径的变化。轻元素的核电荷半径是人们非常感兴趣的，这是由于在核图的这个区域出现了核晕现象。在过去的几年中，我们已经开发了一种新的激光光谱方法来确定锂同位素的电荷半径，该方法结合了高灵敏度，速度和准确性，可以测量8 ms寿命同位素的极小场位移，其产生速率仅为10，000个原子/s。该方法适用于所有绑定同位素的锂，包括双中子晕同位素Li-11在在线同位素分离器在GSI，达姆施塔特，德国和在TRIUMF，温哥华，加拿大。我们详细描述了激光光谱法，从理论和实验上提出了更新和改进的值，并讨论了结果。
Bound state properties of the four-electron lithium ion Li$^{-}$ in its ground $2^{2}S-$state and isotope-subsistuted ${}^{6}$Li$^{-}$ and ${}^{7}$Li$^{-}$ ions in their ground $2^1S-$state(s) are determined from the results of accurate, variational computations. Another closely related problem discussed in this study is accurate numerical evaluation of the half-life of the beryllium-7 isotope. This problem is of paramount importance for modern radiochemistry.
Mass- and field-shift isotope parameters for the $2s - 2p$ resonance doublet of lithium-like ions
最近表明，双电子复合测量可以用于准确地推断高电荷的类锂钕的核均方电荷半径的变化[Brandau等人，物理修订信函100 073201（2008）]。为了利用这种方法来获得有关其他元素和同位素的核电荷分布的信息，需要精确的电子同位素位移参数。在这项工作中，我们计算和讨论的相对论质量和场的移动因子的两个$2s ^{2}S_{1/2} - 2p ^{2}P^{o}_{1/2,3/2}$跃迁沿锂等电子序列。基于多组态Dirac-Hartree-Fock方法，系统地考虑了电子关联和Breit相互作用。对这两个跃迁沿等电子序列的同位素位移的分析表明了质量位移和场位移的重要性和相互竞争。
We investigate the quantum interference induced shifts between energetically close states in highly charged ions, with the energy structure being observed by laser spectroscopy. In this work, we focus on hyperfine states of lithiumlike heavy-$Z$ isotopes and quantify how much quantum interference changes the observed transition frequencies. The process of photon excitation and subsequent photon decay for the transition $2s\rightarrow2p\rightarrow2s$ is implemented with fully relativistic and full-multipole frameworks, which are relevant for such relativistic atomic systems. We consider the iso…
Ultrastable CO2 Laser Trapping of Lithium Fermions
我们展示了一个超稳定的CO2激光陷阱，提供了严格的限制中性原子可忽略不计的光学散射和最小的激光噪声引起的加热。使用这种方法，费米子6Li原子被存储在0.4 mK深的阱中，1/e陷阱寿命为300秒，与10^（-11）Torr的背景压力一致。据我们所知，这是全光阱有史以来实现的最长存储时间，与报道的最佳磁阱相当。
Coherent control of multiphoton ionization of lithium atoms by a bichromatic laser field
本研究通过以130阿秒步长调控780 nm基频光与二次谐波的相对相位，实现了锂原子多光子电离光电子角分布的左右不对称控制，且实验测量与理论计算在合适谐波强度下吻合良好。
Multiple Isotope Magneto Optical Trap from a single diode laser
我们提出了一个双同位素磁光阱使用单二极管激光器产生。我们使用光纤强度调制器产生捕获两种物质所需的所有光频率。使用锥形放大器同时放大所有的光频率。每个频率的独立控制是在RF侧而不是在光学侧。这为激光冷却应用引入了极大的简化，该应用通常需要用于每个激光束的声光调制器。频率改变能力受到调制器带宽（10 GHz）的限制。可以通过将额外的RF频率包括到调制器来简单地添加用于更多同位素的陷阱。
Multi-Resonant Laser Isotope Separation
本研究提出一种基于超大体积光学腔共振增强、连续波激光原子光电离的新型同位素分离方法，效率优于现有技术，可替代放射化学并分离其无法处理的放射性同位素，对医学意义重大。
High resolution isotope shifts and hyperfine structure measurements of tungsten by laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy
在近紫外波段研究了钨的同位素位移和超精细结构。我们用激光诱导荧光光谱在脉冲超声束上探测了384.9nm处的5D_0-> 5 F_1跃迁、400.9nm处的7S_3-> 7 P_4跃迁和407.4nm处的7S_3-> 7 P_3跃迁。报道了7 P3、7 P4和5 F1态的三个新的磁超精细常数。首次给出了384.9 nm跃迁的同位素位移，并测量了400.9 nm和407.4 nm跃迁的同位素位移，其精度比以前的测量提高了一个数量级。结果，以改进的精度从同位素位移提取核参数λ和lambda_{rel}。
Isotope-selective photo-ionization for calcium ion trapping
我们目前的研究共振增强光电离的同位素选择性装载到保罗陷阱的Ca+。用<->423 nm激光驱动中性钙原子的4s^2 ^1S_0 4s 4p ^1P_1跃迁，用389 nm的第二激光使原子光电离。同位素选择性是通过使用交叉的原子和激光束，以减少多普勒宽度显着低于423 nm跃迁的同位素位移。离子进入陷阱的装载率进行了研究，在一系列的实验参数下，丰富的同位素40 Ca+。利用原子束在423 nm处的荧光作为Ca数密度的量度，我们估计了绝对光电离截面的下限。我们实现了所有天然同位素的装载和激光冷却，而不需要浓缩源。激光加热/冷却被观察到，以提高同位素选择性。在稀有物种43 Ca+和46 Ca+的情况下，以前没有被激光冷却，负载是不完全同位素选择性的，但我们表明，纯晶体43 Ca+仍然可以获得。我们发现，对于40 Ca ~（++）的负载，389 nm激光可以用非相干光源代替。
We report on the measurement of the isotope shifts of the $3d^74s \,\, a \, {}^5\!F_5 - 3d^74p \,\, z \, {}^5\!G^o_6$ Fe~I line at 358~nm between all four stable isotopes ${}^{54}$Fe, ${}^{56}$Fe, ${}^{57}$Fe and ${}^{58}$Fe, as well as the hyperfine structure of that line for ${}^{57}$Fe, the only stable isotope having a nonzero nuclear spin. This line is of primary importance for laser cooling applications. In addition, an experimental value of the field and specific mass shift coefficients of the transition is reported as well as the hyperfine structure magnetic dipole coupling constant $A$…
Isotope effects in the harmonic response from hydrogenlike muonic atoms in strong laser fields
计算了类氢μ子原子在超强高频激光场中的高次谐波产生。系统的低核电荷数Z被认为是适用于非相对论性的描述。通过比较不同同位素的辐射响应，我们展示了谐波谱中有限核质量和尺寸的特征签名。特别是当Z>1时，粒子相对运动的薛定谔方程中出现了一个有效μ子荷，它影响了谐波截止的位置。可以实现MeV域的截止能量，为产生超短相干伽马射线脉冲提供了前景。
A two-step, two-color laser spectroscopy technique has been used to measure the hyperfine splittings of the $8p$ excited states in $^{203}$Tl and $^{205}$Tl, as well as the $7s - 8p$ transition isotope shifts. For the case of the $8p_{3/2}$ state, our results show a hyperfine anomaly consistent with our recent measurements of other hyperfine splittings, and in disagreement with older results for this state. Our measurement of the $8p_{1/2}$ isotope shift is also in disagreement with earlier work. In this series of experiments, a UV laser was locked to the first-step transition and directed thr…
Lithium is an important element in atomic quantum gas experiments because its interactions are highly tunable, due to broad Feshbach resonances and zero-crossings, and because it has two stable isotopes, $^6$Li, a fermion, and $^7$Li, a boson. Although lithium has special value for these reasons, it also presents experimental challenges. In this article, we review some of the methods that have been developed or adapted to confront these challenges, including beam and vapor sources, Zeeman slowers, sub-Doppler laser cooling, laser sources at 671 nm, and all-optical methods for trapping and cool…
Sympathetic Cooling of Lithium by Laser-cooled Cesium
我们目前的第一个迹象之间的交感神经冷却两个中性的，光学捕获的原子物种。锂和铯原子被同时储存在由CO $_2$激光的焦点形成的光学偶极阱中，并允许相互作用给定的时间段。发现锂气体的温度在与冷铯热接触时降低。热化的时间尺度产生了对Li-Cs横截面的估计。
Resonator-Enhanced Optical Dipole Trap for Fermionic Lithium Atoms
我们提出了一种新的光偶极阱，它是基于在谐振腔中的Nd：YAG激光束的光功率密度的增强。该阱特别适合于超冷气体的实验，因为它结合了1 mK量级的潜在深度和数十秒的存储时间。我们研究了在我们的陷阱中费米锂原子的气体相互作用，并观察自旋变化碰撞和非共振光子散射的影响。实现长存储时间的关键因素是超低噪声激光器。研究了存储时间对激光噪声的依赖关系。
Correlations in Many Electron Systems: Theory and Applications
在这方面的贡献，我们提出了计算相互作用的电子系统内的非微扰制定的集群理论。外推模型来描述相互作用系统的时间依赖性是可行的和有计划的。该理论是基于酉算子$e^{iS}$（{ \it S}是相关算子）的形式主义，在本文中，处理非微扰内的多粒子相关。推导出的方程的应用程序实现的广义线性化近似（GLA）和通过集群因子分解理论（CFT）的少体系统。为了检查模型的可靠性，我们提出了两个不同的应用程序。在第一部分中，我们计算了氦氧、锂氧、铍氧和硼氧的跃迁能。计算的目的是精确地确定卫星跃迁，这在等离子体诊断中起着重要作用。第二部分研究了用同位素位移理论计算氦和锂同位素电荷半径的非微扰方法。我们发现，我们的模型在氦同位素的二电子波函数和锂同位素的三电子波函数中自然地导出了$e^--e^+$对的分量。这些条款的QED领导图的可能连接被假定。
We present measurements of the hyperfine splitting in the Yb-173 $6s6p~^1P_1^{\rm o} (F^{\prime}=3/2,7/2)$ states that disagree significantly with those measured previously by Das and Natarajan [Phys. Rev. A 76, 062505 (2007)]. We point out inconsistencies in their measurements and suggest that their error is due to optical pumping and improper determination of the atomic line center. Our measurements are made using an optical frequency comb. We use an optical pumping scheme to improve the signal-to-background ratio for the $F^{\prime}=3/2$ component.
Lithium Ionization by a Strong Laser Field
本文研究了锂原子与强激光场相互作用的从头计算。在一维软核近似下，给出了含时全关联三粒子薛定谔方程的数值解。我们的结果显示，随着强度的增加，双电离从非顺序到顺序的明显转变。非顺序双电离被发现是敏感的自旋配置的电离对。这种不对称性，也发现在实验中的锂与同步辐射的光电离，显示的证据的影响，不相容原理在潜在的再散射机制。
An all-optical, near-resonant laser atom trap is used to prepare an electronically excited and polarized gas target at mK-temperature for complete photo-ionization studies. As a proof-of-principal experiment, lithium atoms in the 2$^2$P$_{3/2}$($m_l$=+1) state are ionized by a 266 nm laser source, and emitted electrons and Li$^+$ ions are momentum analyzed in a COLTRIMS spectrometer. The excellent resolution achieved in the present experiment allows not only to extract the relative phase and amplitude of all partial waves contributing to the final state, it also enables to characterize the exp…
Laser spectroscopy on the hyperfine structure and isotope shift of sympathetically cooled $^{229}$Th$^{3+}$ ions
本文通过激光冷却$^{88}$Sr$^+$离子协同冷却$^{229}$Th$^{3+}$离子进行激光光谱研究，测定了其超精细常数与同位素位移，以更低不确定度获取核矩，为8.4 eV核同核异能态的精确光谱研究奠定基础。
Resonance ionization spectroscopy of thorium isotopes - towards a laser spectroscopic identification of the low-lying 7.6 eV isomer of Th-229
采用源内共振电离光谱确定了适用于钛宝石激光器的钍的有效和选择性的三步激发/电离方案。测量进行了准备的激光光谱调查的低躺Th-229 m异构体的预测在7.6 +- 0.5 eV以上的核基态的识别。使用样品的Th-232，大量的光学跃迁，导致超过20个以前未知的偶宇称的中间状态，以及许多高躺奇宇称自电离状态被确定。能级能量被确定为中间态和自电离态的精度分别为0.06 cm-1和0.15 cm-1。使用不同的激发途径，分配的几个能级的总角动量是可能的。一个特别有效的电离方案的钍，表现出饱和的所有三个光学跃迁，进行了详细的研究。对于该方案中的所有三个水平，测量了同位素Th-228、Th-229和Th-230相对于Th-232的同位素位移。测定了包括电离、传输和检测的0.6的总体效率，其主要受质谱仪离子光学器件的传输限制。
Measurement of 7p$_{1/2}$-state hyperfine structure and 7s$_{1/2}$-7p$_{1/2}$ transition isotope shift in $^{203}$Tl and $^{205}$Tl
采用两步双色激光光谱技术测量了$^{203}$ T1和$^{205}$ T1中7 p $_{1/2}$激发态的超精细分裂以及7 s $_{1/2}$ -7 p $_{1/2}$跃迁的同位素位移。我们的超精细分裂测量值，2153.2（7）MHz（在$^{203}$ Tl）和2173.3（8）MHz（在$^{205}$ Tl），每个从以前公布的引用的可比精度的值相差20 MHz。测得$^{203}$ Tl相对于$^{205}$ Tl的跃迁同位素位移为534.4（9）MHz。在我们的实验中，一束激光被锁定到铊基态6p $_{1/2}$ - 7s $_{1/2}$ 378 nm跃迁，而第二束空间重叠的激光被扫描穿过7s $_{1/2}$（F=1）-7 p $_{1/2}$（F= 0，1）超精细跃迁。为了便于精确的频率校准，使用激光的射频调制来在吸收光谱中产生边带。
Data students collect from the typical advanced undergraduate laboratory on Saturated Absorption Spectroscopy (SAS) of rubidium can be used to measure the isotope shift and thus leads to an estimate of the isotopic ground state energy shift. This helps students refine their `picture' of the atomic ground state. We describe theoretically why this laboratory works well with free-running laser diodes, demonstrate it experimentally using these lasers tuned to either principal near-infrared transitions, and show an extension of the laboratory using the modulation transfer spectroscopy method.
Hyperfine spectroscopy and laser cooling of the fermionic isotopes $^{47}$Ti and $^{49}$Ti
该研究通过超精细结构和激光冷却跃迁的测量，实现了$^{47}$Ti和$^{49}$Ti的磁光陷阱制备，为费米同位素的冷却和光谱研究提供了关键数据。
An all-solid-state laser source at 671 nm for cold atom experiments with lithium
我们提出了一种全固态窄线宽激光源发射$670\,\mathrm{mW}$输出功率在$671\,\mathrm{nm}$交付的衍射限制光束。\linebreak源是基于一个倍频二极管端部线裂泵浦的环形激光器，工作在Nd：YVO $_4$的${^4F}_{3/2} \rightarrow {^4I}_{13/2}$跃迁上。在外增层腔中使用极化的磷酸钛氧钾（ppKTP），获得了高达86%的倍频效率。实现了源在$100\,\rm GHz$上的可调谐性。我们证明了这种强大的稳频光源的锂原子的激光冷却的适用性。最后，一个简化的设计腔内倍频的基础上进行了说明，并提出了第一个结果。
All-Optical Production of a Lithium Quantum Gas Using Narrow-Line Laser Cooling
我们利用紫外光的窄$2S_{1/2} \rightarrow 3P_{3/2}$跃迁对$^6$ Li原子进行了激光冷却和磁光囚禁。锂的激光冷却通常在$2S_{1/2} \rightarrow 2P_{3/2}$（D2）转变上进行，并且通常实现$\sim$ 300 $μ$ K的温度。紫外线跃迁的线宽比D2线窄七倍，从而导致较低的激光冷却温度。我们证明了MOT在紫外跃迁上的工作温度低至59 $μ$ K。此外，我们发现，在1070 nm的光偶极阱中的紫外跃迁的光移是小的和蓝移，促进有效的加载从紫外MOT。在光阱中蒸发冷却$^6$ Li的两个自旋态混合物产生具有$3 \times 10^{6}$原子的量子简并费米气体，总循环时间仅为11 s。
Isotope shifts of 6s5d $^3$D-states in neutral Barium
对钡原子的低激发态$^1$ P和$^3$ D进行了激光光谱研究。这项工作大大有助于发展一个有效的激光冷却和重碱土金属元素的陷阱，特别是为了更好地了解这些系统的原子波函数的目的。同位素位移和超精细结构是探测原子核位置波函数的理想探针。这是必不可少的输入的基本对称性破缺性质，如永久电偶极矩的敏感性的理论评估。我们首次报道了$^3$ D $_{1,2}$ - $^1$ P $_1$跃迁的同位素位移测量。已观察到King图偏离其预期行为。此外，我们已经光学解决了超精细结构的$^3$ D $_{1,2}$状态。
Measurement of hyperfine structure and isotope shifts in the Dy 421-nm transition
用原子束激光诱导荧光光谱法测量了Dy I 421.291 nm跃迁[ $4f^{10}6s^2 (J=8)\to4f^{10}6s6p (J=9)$ ]的超精细系数和同位素位移。进行King Plot分析以确定421-nm跃迁的$δν_{sms}^{164-162}=11(7)$ Hz的特定质量位移，确认激发态的纯$4f^{10}6s6p$构型。这种转变目前正在探索的激光冷却的原子束的镝在一个时间变化的精细结构常数的搜索。
We develop a simple technique to accurately measure frequency differences between far lying resonances in a spectroscopy signal using a single laser. This technique was used to measure the isotope shift of the cooling transition of metastable neon for the result of $1626.264(79)$ MHz. The most accurate determination of this value to date.
Long-lived isotopes of plutonium were studied using two complementary techniques, high-resolution resonance ionisation spectroscopy (HR-RIS) and collinear laser spectroscopy (CLS). Isotope shifts have been measured on the $5f^67s^2\ ^7F_0 \rightarrow 5f^56d^27s\ (J=1)$ and $5f^67s^2\ ^7F_1 \rightarrow 5f^67s7p\ (J=2)$ atomic transitions using the HR-RIS method and the hyperfine factors have been extracted for the odd mass nuclei $^{239,241}$Pu. Collinear laser spectroscopy was performed on the $5f^67s\ ^8F_{1/2} \rightarrow J=1/2\; (27523.61\text{cm}^{-1})$ ionic transition with the hyperfine …
Observation of elastic collisions between lithium atoms and calcium ions
在100 mK ~ 3 K的能量范围内，我们观察到了激光冷却的费米子锂原子与钙离子之间的弹性碰撞。利用光镊技术将光偶极阱中的锂原子输运到离子阱中心，实现原子和离子的空间重叠，观察原子-离子相互作用。弹性散射率由原子与离子的弹性碰撞引起的原子衰变确定。弹性散射截面与碰撞能量的关系符合半经典碰撞理论。
2.1-watts intracavity-frequency-doubled all-solid-state light source at 671 nm for laser cooling of lithium
我们研制了一台用于锂原子激光冷却的全固体激光器源，输出功率为2.1 W，单频输出波长为671 nm。它是基于二极管泵浦，掺钕原钒酸盐（Nd：YVO $_4$）在1342 nm工作的环形激光器。增益介质中的热管理的优化导致在基波波长处的2.5W的最大多频输出功率。我们开发了一个简单的理论，腔内二次谐波产生的有效实施，并将其应用到我们的系统，使我们能够获得高达88%的非线性转换效率。单模操作和调谐通过向谐振器添加标准具来建立。二次谐波波长可以调谐超过0.5 nm，并在超过6 GHz的模式跳频自由扫描被证明，对应于约10倍的激光腔自由光谱范围。对于原子物理学应用，可以相对于锂$D$线跃迁锁定输出频率。此外，我们观察到参量克尔透镜锁模时，失谐的相位匹配温度足够远离最佳值。
Collinear laser spectroscopy on neutron-rich actinium isotopes
本研究在ISAC利用共线激光光谱测量丰中子锕同位素的离子跃迁，精确获得其电荷半径变化、磁偶极矩和首次测定的电四极矩，并澄清了奇偶交错歧义。
Magic-wave-induced $^1S_0-^3P_0$ transition in even isotopes of alkaline-earth-like atoms
具有"神奇“波长的圆偏振激光束可用于将$^3P_1$态混合到长寿命亚稳态$^3P_0$中，因此即使在类碱土原子的同位素中也能进行严格禁止的$^1S_0$ $-$ $^3P_0$”时钟"跃迁，而不改变跃迁频率。在奇数同位素中，激光束可以将最初由超精细混合实现的“时钟”跃迁的线宽调整到最佳值。我们提出了一个详细的分析的各种因素影响的分辨率和不确定性的光学频率标准的基础上同时暴露的原子的晶格驻波和一个额外的“状态混合”波，包括估计的“魔术”波长，拉比频率的“时钟"和状态混合过渡，交流斯塔克位移的地面和亚稳态的二价原子。
High-resolution saturation spectroscopy of singly-ionized iron with a pulsed uv laser
我们描述了一个单离子化铁（Fe II）的紫外激光光谱的高分辨率方案的设计和实现。缓冲气体冷却的激光烧蚀源用于提供接近室温的具有高密度Fe II的等离子体。我们结合脉冲激光饱和光谱产生亚多普勒分辨率的计划。在一个演示实验中，我们已经检查了Fe II过渡附近260 nm，达到约250 MHz的线宽。该方法适用于测量跃迁频率和超精细结构。它也可以用来测量同位素富集样品中的小同位素位移。
We describe an experimental setup comprised of a discharge source for supersonic beams of metastable helium atoms and a magneto-optical trap (MOT) for ultracold lithium atoms that makes it possible to study Penning ionization and associative ionization processes at high ion count rates. The cationic reaction products are analyzed using a novel ion detection scheme which allows for mass selection, a high ion extraction efficiency and a good collision-energy resolution. The influence of elastic He-Li collisions on the steady-state Li atom number in the MOT is described, and the collision data ar…
Resonant photoionization dynamics during optical trapping of lithium atoms
本研究利用反应显微镜结合逐事件时间重建技术，探究全光阱中激光冷却锂原子的低强度多色光电离，识别5p、5f态共振激发及额外电离通道，揭示光电离产额的偏振依赖机制。
Laser cooling and trapping of Yb from a thermal source
在不使用塞曼慢化器的情况下，我们成功地从热源加载Yb原子的磁光阱。源被放置在靠近捕获区域的位置，以便它提供可以被冷却和捕获的大的原子通量。原子在398.8 nm处的${^1S_0} \leftrightarrow {^1P_1}$跃迁上冷却。我们已经将Yb的所有七种稳定同位素都装入了阱中。对于最丰富的同位素（$^{174}$ Yb），我们在1 s内将多于$10^7$原子加载到阱中。对于天然丰度仅为0.13%的最稀有同位素（$^{168}$ Yb），我们仍将约$4 \times 10^5$原子装入阱中。我们发现，陷阱人口是最大化附近的失谐$-1.5Γ$和场梯度为75 G/cm。
We report the design and performance of a Littrow-type 671 nm External Cavity Diode Laser (ECDL) that delivers output power greater than 150 mW and features enhanced passive stability. The main body of the ECDL is constructed using titanium to minimize temperature related frequency drifts. The laser diode is mounted in a cylindrical mount that allows vertical adjustments while maintaining thermal contact with the temperature stabilized base plate. The wavelength tuning is achieved by horizontal displacement of the diffraction grating about an optimal pivot point. The compact design increases t…
Calibration of the ISOLDE acceleration voltage using a high-precision voltage divider and applying collinear fast beam laser spectroscopy
一个高电压分压器的精度在ppm级和共线激光光谱被用来校准在欧洲核子研究中心的放射性离子束设施ISOLDE的高压装置。该电压的准确知识对于共线激光光谱测量特别重要。用基于频率梳的共线激光光谱法测量的光束速度与新的校准一致。应用这一点，得到一致的结果，稳定的镁同位素的同位素位移测量使用共线光谱和激光光谱的激光冷却离子在陷阱中。针对ISOLDE当前应用的不同电源，研究了长期稳定性和从电压跌落恢复期间的瞬态行为。
Laser Spectroscopic Measurement of Helium Isotope Ratios
本文介绍了一种灵敏的激光光谱方法，用于氦同位素比值的定量测定，其水平为3 He/4 He = 10^-7 - 10^-5。用频率调制饱和光谱技术测量了放电池中亚稳态~ 3 He原子对1083 nm激光的共振吸收，用直接吸收技术测量了~ 4 He的丰度。从大气和商用氦气中提取的三种不同样品的结果与质谱法获得的值吻合良好。氦中3 He的3 σ检测限为4 x 10^-9。该演示需要200微升的He STP样品。灵敏度可以进一步提高，所需的样品尺寸减少，通过几个数量级的增加腔增强光谱。
Doppler-free spectroscopy of the 1S0-3P0 optical clock transition in laser-cooled fermionic isotopes of neutral mercury
我们已经进行了第一次直接激光光谱的1 S 0 - 3 P0光钟跃迁在265.6 nm的费米同位素的中性汞激光冷却的磁光阱。通过测量由265.6 nm处的探针激发长寿命3 P0态引起的磁光阱的耗尽来进行光谱学。测量解决了无多普勒反冲双重允许的过渡频率的确定，一个不确定性远低于多普勒加宽的线宽。我们用飞秒激光频率梳对LNE-SYRTE喷泉频率标准监测的超稳参考频率进行了绝对测量，测得的频率在199 Hg为1128575290808 +/-5.6kHz，在201 Hg为1128569561140 +/-5.3kHz，比以前的间接测定好4个数量级以上。由于对黑体辐射的低灵敏度，汞是达到光晶格时钟的最终性能的有希望的候选者。
Sisyphus Cooling of Lithium
在激发态具有未分辨的、近简并的超精细结构的原子中，通过光学糖蜜将激光冷却到亚多普勒温度被认为是受到抑制的。我们证明，这种冷却是可能的，在一个到三个维度，不仅接近标准的D2线激光冷却，但在一个范围内延伸到D1线。通过西西弗斯冷却和绝热膨胀的结合，我们达到了低至40 μK的温度，这相当于原子速度比单光子反冲所施加的极限高出2.6倍。我们的方法需要在标准频率锁定方法范围内的频率下的适度激光功率。它在很大程度上对激光功率、偏振和失谐、磁场和初始超精细粒子数不敏感。我们的研究结果表明，光学糖蜜应该是可能的所有碱物种。
The $^{133}\mathrm{Ba}^+$ ion is a promising candidate as a high-fidelity qubit, and the $^{137}\mathrm{Ba}^+$ isotope is promising as a high-fidelity qudit ($d>2$). Barium metal is very reactive, and $^{133}\mathrm{Ba}^+$ is radioactive and can only be sourced in small quantities, so the most commonly used loading method, oven heating, is less suited for barium, and is currently not possible for $^{133}\mathrm{Ba}^+$.Pulsed laser ablation solves both of these problems by utilizing compound barium sources, while also giving some distinct advantages, such as fast loading, less displaced materia…
In this paper we present the first high-resolution laser spectroscopy results obtained at the GISELE laser laboratory of the GANIL-SPIRAL2 facility, in preparation for the first experiments with the S$^3$-Low Energy Branch. Studies of neutron-deficient radioactive isotopes of erbium and tin represent the first physics cases to be studied at S$^3$. The measured isotope-shift and hyperfine structure data are presented for stable isotopes of these elements. The erbium isotopes were studied using the $4f^{12}6s^2$ $^3H_6 \rightarrow 4f^{12}(^3 H)6s6p$ $J = 5$ atomic transition (415 nm) and the tin…
Isotope shifts of natural Sr+ measured by laser fluorescence in a sympathetically cooled Coulomb crystal
我们用激光光谱法测量了锶离子的$5s\,\,^2S_{1/2}\to 5p\,\,^2P_{1/2}$（紫色）和$4d\,\,^2D_{3/2}\to 5p\,\,^2P_{1/2}$（红外）偶极允许的光学跃迁的同位素位移。通过同时测量含有$10^3$ - $10^4$激光冷却Sr $^+$离子的线性Paul阱中的双组分库仑晶体来获得荧光光谱。同位素位移是从实验光谱中提取的数据与描述一个三能级原子与两束激光相互作用的光学布洛赫方程的解析解拟合。这种技术使我们能够提高精度相对于以前报道的光电流光谱或快速原子束技术获得的数据。$5s\,\,^2S_{1/2}\to 5p\,\,^2P_{1/2}$跃迁的结果为$ν_{88}-ν_{84}=+378(4)$ MHz和$ν_{88}-ν_{86}=+170(3)$ MHz，与先前报道的测量结果一致。在先前未探索的$4d\,\,^2D_{3/2}\to 5p\,\,^2P_{1/2}$跃迁的情况下，我们发现$ν_{88}-ν_{84}=-828(4)$ MHz和$ν_{88}-ν_{86}=-402(2)$ MHz。这些结果为严格检验类碱金属原子同位素位移的理论计算提供了更多的数据。此外，在多同位素离子串的情况下，它们简化了用于离子频率标准或量子信息处理应用的Sr $^+$同位素的识别和寻址。
To measure the mass of the electron neutrino, the "Electron Capture in Holmium-163" (ECHo) collaboration aims at calorimetrically measuring the spectrum following electron capture in $^{163}$Ho. The success of the ECHo experiment depends critically on the radiochemical purity of the $^{163}$Ho sample, which is ion-implanted into the calorimeters. For this, a $30 \, \textrm{kV}$ high transmission magnetic mass separator equipped with a resonance ionization laser ion source is used. To meet the ECHo requirements, the ion source unit was optimized with respect to its thermal characteristics and m…
We have constructed a solid-state light source for experiments with laser cooled lithium atoms based on a Nd:YVO$_4$ ring laser with second-harmonic generation. Unidirectional lasing, an improved mode selection, and a high output power of the ring laser was achieved by weak coupling to an external cavity which contained the lossy elements required for single frequency operation. Continuous frequency tuning is accomplished by controlling two PZTs in the internal and the external cavities simultaneously. The light source has been utilized to trap and cool fermionic lithium atoms into the quantum…
Separation of even-even from even-odd isotopes using ultrafast lasers
本文提出一种基于核自旋选择性分离同位素的新机制，通过Ramsey脉冲序列实现高效分离，实验表明在偶奇同位素中可捕获约23%-47%的粒子。
Laser Probing of Neutron-Rich Nuclei in Light Atoms
富含中子的6 He和8 He同位素表现出一种奇特的原子核结构，它由一个紧密结合的4 He样核心和额外的中子在相对较远的距离上轨道运行，形成一个晕。最近的实验工作已经成功地在激光捕获和冷却这些短暂的，罕见的氦原子，并通过对单个被捕获的原子进行激光光谱学测量沿着4 He-6 He-8He链的原子同位素位移。同时，少电子原子结构理论，包括相对论和QED修正，在计算同位素位移方面达到了相当的精度。在平行的努力中，也通过测量原子同位素位移，研究了锂和铍同位素的核电荷半径。所采用的技术是中性热锂原子的共振电离光谱和铍离子的共线激光光谱。结合原子理论和激光光谱学的进展，这些轻晕核的电荷半径现在已经确定为第一次独立的原子核结构模型。将计算结果与大量原子核结构计算的预测值进行了比较，并用于指导我们对极丰中子环境下核力的理解。
Isotope selective optical excitation of atoms is important for experiments with neutral atoms, metrology, and work with trapped ions, including quantum information processing. Polarization-enhanced absorption spectroscopy is used to frequency stabilise a tunable external cavity laser diode system at 398.9 nm for isotope selective photoionization of neutral Yb atoms. This spectroscopy technique is used to measure isotope resolved dispersive features from transitions within a see through configuration Ytterbium hollow-cathode discharge lamp. This Doppler-free dichroic polarization spectroscopy i…
Heteronuclear collisions between laser-cooled metastable neon atoms
本文研究了激光冷却亚稳3 P2氖同位素混合物中的异质碰撞。实验进行自旋极化原子在磁阱中的稳定氖同位素20 Ne，21 Ne，和22 Ne的所有两个同位素组合。我们确定了异质电离碰撞的速率系数为：beta_{21,20} =（3.9+/-2.7）× 10^{-11} cm ^3/s，beta_{22,20} =（2.6+/-0.7）× 10^{-11} cm ^3/s，和beta_{21,22} =（3.9+/-1.9）× 10^{-11} cm ^3/s。我们还研究了非均匀弹性碰撞过程，给出了非均匀热弛豫截面的上界。这项工作大大扩展了有限的现有实验数据的异质性电离碰撞的激光冷却原子涉及一个或多个稀有气体原子在一个亚稳态。
We report on the design, installation, and test of an experimental facility for the production of ultra-cold atomic isotopes and isomers of cesium. The setup covers a broad span of mass numbers and nuclear isomers, allowing one to directly compare chains of isotopes and isotope/isomer pairs. Cesium nuclei are produced by fission or fusion-evaporation reactions using primary proton beams from a 130 MeV cyclotron impinging upon a suitable target. The species of interest is ejected from the target in ionic form, electrostatically accelerated, mass separated, and routed to a science chamber. Here,…
Magnetic trapping of an ultracold $^{39}$K-$^{40}$K mixture with a versatile potassium laser system
本文提出一种多功能钾激光系统，在单腔装置中实现$^{39}$K-$^{40}$K玻色-费米混合气体的双同位素磁光阱、亚多普勒冷却与磁囚禁，并通过声光调制器实现微秒级同位素切换。
High contrast Mach-Zehnder lithium atom interferometer in the Bragg regime
我们已经建造了一个马赫-曾德尔型原子干涉仪，与超声束的锂。原子衍射利用激光驻波上的布拉格衍射。一阶衍射，我们的装置给出了一个大的信号和一个非常好的条纹对比度（74%），我们相信这是有史以来最高的原子干涉仪观察。该装置将应用于高灵敏度的测量
Continuous-wave output at 229 nm for the application of laser cooling of Cd atoms was generated by the 4th harmonic using two successive second harmonic generation stages. Employing a single-frequency optically pumped semiconductor laser as a fundamental source, 0.56 W of output at 229 nm was observed with a 10-mm long, Brewster-cut BBO crystal in an external cavity with 1.62 W of 458 nm input. Conversion efficiency from 458 nm to 229 nm was more than 34%. By applying a tapered amplifier as a fundamental source, we demonstrated magneto-optical trapping of all stable Cd isotopes including isoto…
A new beamline for Resonant Excitation of Beams with Electromagnetic fields and Lasers (REBEL) and Stopping and Trapping of Radioactive Isotopes for Precision Experiments (STRIPE)
本研究介绍了集成于同一离线束流线的REBEL与STRIPE两套实验装置，分别用于快离子束高灵敏度光谱测量和离子囚禁精密光谱，共享稳定基础设施，初步性能良好，可支撑相关技术研发并适配未来放射性束设施。
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