Unification By Induction

Unification of Gravity and Electromagnetism and Cosmology

It is first argued that radiation by a uniformly accelerated charge in flat space-time indicates the need for a unified geometric theory of gravity and electromagnetism. Such a theory, based on a metric-affine $U_4$ manifold, is constructed with the torsion pseudo-vector $Γ_μ$ linking gravity and electromagnetism. This conceptually simple extension results in (i) Einstein's equations being modified by a vacuum energy $Γ_μΓ_ν$ and a scalar field $Γ= Γ^μΓ_μ$ whose zero-mode is a cosmological constant $Λ$ representing `dark energy', (ii) most of the salient features of `dark matter'-like phenomen…

A quaternionic unification of electromagnetism and hydrodynamics

We have derived energy conservation equations from the quaternionic Newton's law that is compatible with Lorentz transformation. This Newton's law yields directly the Euler equation and other equations governing the fluid motion. With this formalism, the pressure contributes positively to the dynamics of the system in the same way mass does. Hydrodynamic equations are derived from Maxwell's equations by adopting an electromagnetohydrodynamics (EMH) analogy. In this analogy the hydroelectric field is related to the local acceleration of the fluid and the Lorentz gauge is related to the incompre…

Geometrical Unification of Gravitation and Electromagnetism

A theory which achieves a complete geometrical unification of gravitation and electromagnetism (GUGE) is presented. This new theory is based on a recent proposal of proper time redefinition that leads to the construction of a Riemann metric, which naturally unifies gravity and electromagnetism. The 5--dimensional Riemann metric which arises looks exactly the same as the one postulated in the Kaluza-Klein (KK) 5-dimensional theory. Nevertheless, there are deep differences between GUGE and KK. The GUGE metric is deduced while the KK metric is postulated. In the GUGE field theory there is no need…

"Extended" Particles, Non Commutative Geometry and Unification

A reconciliation of gravitation and electromagnetism has eluded physics for neearly a century. It is argued here that this is because both quantum physics and classical physics are set in differentiable space time manifolds with point particles. Once we consider extended particles as in Quantum Superstring theory, and the consequential underlying Non-Commutative geometry, then a reconciliation is possible.

Iterative Solution of Maxwell's Equations for an Induction Motor

In this work we use classical electromagnetism to analyse a three-phase induction motor. We first cast the motor as a boundary value problem involving two phenomenological time-constants. These are derived from the widely used equivalent circuit model of the induction motor. We then use an iterative procedure to evaluate these constants and obtain the motor performance equations. Our results depend only on the geometrical parameters of the motor and can be used to derive precise expressions for the excitation frequency and applied voltage needed to extract maximum performance from a given moto…

The classical geometrization of the electromagnetism

Following the line of the history, if by one side the electromagnetic theory was consolidated on the 19th century, the emergence of the special and the general relativity theories on the 20th century opened possibilities of further developments, with the search for the unification of the gravitation and the electromagnetism on a single unified theory. Some attempts to the geometrization of the electromagnetism emerged in this context, where these first models resided strictly on a classical basis. Posteriorly, they were followed by more complete and embracing quantum field theories. The presen…

The unification of the fundamental interaction within Maxwell electromagnetism: Model of hydrogen atom. Gravity as the secondary electric force. Calculation of the unified inertia force

Considering two static, electrically charged, elementary particles, we demonstrate a possible way of proving that all known fundamental forces in the nature are the manifestations of the single, unique interaction. We re-define the gauging of integration constants in the Schwarzschild solution of Einstein field equations. We consider the potential energy in this context regardless it is gravitational or electric potential energy. With the newly gauged constants, we sketch how the unique interaction can be described with the help of an appropriate solution of the well-known Maxwell equations. A…

Unified field theories and Einstein

Einstein's contribution to relativity is reviewed. It is pointed out that Weyl gave first unified theory of gravitation and electromagnetism and it was different than the five dimensional theory of Kaluza. Einstein began his work on unification in 1925 that continued all through the rest of his life. A discussion is presented on the recent advances in Weyl theory, and also on the unification approach in which space-time is believed not to be fundamental. The significance of the gravitational waves observed recently seems to indicate a new paradigm of unification. It is suggested that the natur…

On the Independence of Electromagnetism and Gravitation from Test Bodies Physical Properties

Does a physical field exist independently of the interaction between the field source and the test body used to measure it at a given point? What does propagate between two physical bodies when they interact? These are the fundamental questions we answer in the present work for electromagnetic and gravitational interactions. We come to the conclusion that gravitational fields as well as spacetime curvature cannot depend on the passive-gravitational to inertial mass ratio of the test bodies, because this would lead to energy conservation and causality violation except when this ratio is univers…

Conformal Gauge Relativity - On the Geometrical Unification of Gravitation and Gauge Fields

A Lagrangian depending on geometric variables (metric, affine connection, gauge group generators) is given which maintains compatibility with General Relativity. It generates the dynamics for Electromagnetism and other Gauge Fields along with Gravitation, at the time it gives a geometric foundation for the stress-energy tensor of continuous matter. The geometric-invariance principle under this integration is exposed and the resulting field equations are obtained. The theory is developed over the tangent space of a four-dimensional real manifold and the generators become those from the Homogeno…

Marriage of Electromagnetism and Gravity in Extended Space Model and Astrophysical Phenomena

The generalization of Einstein's special theory of relativity (SRT) is proposed. In this model the possibility of unification of scalar gravity and electromagnetism into a single united field is considered. Formally, the generalization of the SRT is that instead of (1+3)-dimensional Minkowski space the (1+4)-dimensional extension G is considered. As a fifth additional coordinate the interval S is used. This value is saved under the usual Lorentz transformations in Minkowski space M, but it changes when the transformations in the extended space G are used. We call this model the extended space …

On degenerate metrics, dark matter and unification

A five-dimensional theory of relativity is presented which suggests that gravitation and electromagnetism may be unified using a degenerate metric. There are four fields (in the four-dimensional sense): a tensor field, two vector fields and a scalar field, and they are unified with a combination of a gauge-like invariance and a reflection symmetry which means that both vector fields are photons. The gauge-like invariance implies that the fifth dimension is not directly observable; it also implies that charge is a constant of motion. The scalar field is analogous to the Brans-Dicke scalar field…

全纯统一场论：引力与标准模型

Holomorphic Unified Field Theory of Gravity and the Standard Model

该研究提出全纯统一场论，通过单一几何作用统一引力、规范相互作用及标准模型，利用全纯联络和Higgs场实现对称破缺和粒子质量生成。