Following a conjecture of Feynman, we explore the possibility that only those energy forms that are associated with (massive or massless) particles couple to the gravitational field, but not others. We propose an experiment to deflect electrons by a small charged sphere to determine if the standard general relativity or this modified one corresponds to reality. The outcome of this experiment may also solve the cosmological constant problem.
When the cosmological "constant" is derived from modern five-dimensional relativity, exact solutions imply that for small systems it scales in proportion to the square of the mass. However, a duality transformation implies that for large systems it scales as the inverse square of the mass.
The formalism of Fantappie-Arcidiacono Projective General Relativity - also known as De Sitter Relativity - has recently been revised in order to make possible cosmological models with expansion, similarly to ordinary Fridman cosmology formulated within the context of General Relativity. In this article, several consequences of interest in the current cosmological debate are examined and discussed in a semiquantitative manner. Specifically: re-examination of the Supernova Project results using this new formalism, with a new estimate of the cosmological parameters; the ordinary matter to dark m…
Radial velocity dispersion in spheroidal and elliptical galaxies, as a function of radial distance from the center of the galaxy, has been derived from Cosmological Special Relativity. For velocity dispersions in the outer regions of spherical galaxies, the dynamical mass calculated for a galaxy using Carmelian theory may be 10 to 100 times less than that calculated from standard Newtonian physics. This means there is no need to include halo dark matter. The velocity dispersion is found to be approximately constant across the galaxy after falling from an initial high value at the center.
In this paper, we investigate Bianchi type$-V$ cosmological models with bulk viscous fluid and time varying cosmological $Λ$ and Newtonian $G$ parameters. The Einstein's field equations have been transformed into a coupling non-linear, first-order differential equations, and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method of numerical integration has been used to integrate the differential equations with appropriate initial conditions consistent with current cosmological observations. We show that the model describes a universe that starts off with a negative cosmological term, as well as a matter-dominat…
Anisotropic cloud string cosmological model with Bianchi type I space time is investigated in the context of general relativity. The exact solutions of Einstein field equations are obtained with when the source for energy momentum tensor is generated by a cloud of strings with particles attached to them. The dynamical and physical properties of the model universe are discussed by comparing with the present observational findings. The interesting feature obtained here is that our model universe starts with a big bang and as time passes both particle density and string tension density decreases …
The absence of an identified consequence at solar system scale of the cosmological space expansion is usually explained considering that space expansion does not affect local anysotropies in matter distribution. This can also be explained considering a time dependent scenario compatible with Relativity Principle, therefore supporting physical laws independent of the time position of the observer. A theory considering such relativist scenario, i.e., generalizing Relativity Principle to position, embodies Cosmological Principle and can be intrinsically able to fit directly both local and cosmic …
An unexpected Minkowskian solution of the equation of General Relativity (Einstein-1915) is trivial because it simply means that both members of the equation are equal to zero. However, if alternatively, one considers the complete equation with a non-zero (cosmological constant (Einstein-1917), a Minkowskian solution is no longer trivial because it amounts to impose a constraint on the right hand side of the equation (i.e. a non-null stress-energy tensor). If furthermore one identifies (as usual) this tensor to the one of a perfect fluid, one finds that this fluid has a positive energy density…
The modern view, that there exists a preferred frame of reference related to the cosmic microwave background (CMB), is in apparent contradiction with the principles of special relativity. The purpose of the present study is to develop a counterpart of the special relativity theory that is consistent with the existence of a preferred frame but, like the standard relativity theory, is based on the relativity principle and universality of the (\textit{two-way}) speed of light. In the framework developed, a degree of anisotropy of the one-way velocity acquires meaning of a characteristic of the re…
In the present article, which is the first part of a work in three parts, we build an equation of quantum gravity. This equation is tensorial, is equivalent to general relativity in vacuum, but differs completely from general relativity inside matter. This new equation possesses a dimensionless gravitational coupling constant, and passes all experimental tests that also passes general relativity. This quantum gravity and general relativity diverge essentially in the domain of cosmology : we prove that quantum gravity gives the solution to the whole set of problems left over by the standard cos…
Notwithstanding the Fantappie-Arcidiacono theory of relativity was introduced more than half a century ago, its observational confirmations in cosmology (the only research field where its predictions differ from those of the Einsteinian relativity) are still missing. In line of principle, this theory may be proposed as a valid alternative to the current views assuming the dominance of dark matter and inflationary scenarios. In this work, the relativistic transformation of the Poynting vector associated with the reception of electromagnetic waves emitted by astronomical obiects is derived in th…
In the framework of the parametrized post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism, we substantiate an idea according to which we can measure the value of the cosmological gravitational potential $Φ$ at the location of the Solar System, which is formed by all the matter of the Universe (including dark matter). This paradoxical result is based on the fact that the PPN formulation of general relativity is not invariant with respect to the transformation $U({\bf r})\,\rightarrow\,U({\bf r})+C$, where $U({\bf r})$ is a gravitation potential and $C$ is an arbitrary real constant (this is due to the nonlinearity o…
The paper deals with the scale discrepancy between the observed vacuum energy in cosmology and the theoretical quantum vacuum energy (cosmological constant problem). Here, we demonstrate that Einstein's equation and an analogy to particle physics leads to the first physical justification of the so-called fine-tuning problem. This fine-tuning could be automatically satisfied with the variable cosmological term $Λ(a)=Λ_0+Λ_1 a^{-(4-ε)}$, $0 < ε\ll 1,$ where $a$ is the scale factor. As a side effect of our solution of the cosmological constant problem, the dynamical part of the cosmological term …
Special relativity (SR) with a privileged frame is a framework, which, like the standard relativity theory, is based on the relativity principle and the universality of the (two-way) speed of light but includes a privileged frame as an essential element. It is developed using the following first principles: (1) Anisotropy of the one-way speed of light in an inertial frame is due to its motion with respect to the privileged frame; (2) Space-time transformations between inertial frames leave the equation of anisotropic light propagation invariant; (3) A set of the transformations possesses a gro…
We consider general relativity with cosmological constant minimally coupled to electromagnetic field and assume that four-dimensional space-time manifold is the warped product of two surfaces with Lorentzian and Euclidean signature metrics. Einstein's equations imply that at least one of the surfaces must be of constant curvature. It means that the symmetry of the metric arises as the consequence of equations of motion (`spontaneous symmetry emergence'). We give classification of global solutions in two cases: (i) both surfaces are of constant curvature and (ii) the Riemannian surface is of co…
The redshift-distance modulus relation, the Hubble Diagram, derived from Cosmological General Relativity has been extended to arbitrarily large redshifts. Numerical methods were employed and a density function was found that results in a valid solution of the field equations at all redshifts. The extension has been compared to 302 type Ia supernova data as well as to 69 Gamma-ray burst data. The latter however do not not truly represent a `standard candle' as the derived distance modulii are not independent of the cosmology used. Nevertheless the analysis shows a good fit can be achieved witho…
Evaluation of the additive constants in the space-time Lorentz transformation equations required, according to Einstein, to correctly describe synchronised clocks at different spatial locations, reveals the spurious and unphysical nature of the 'relativity of simultaneity' and 'length contraction' effects of conventional special relativity. Unlike time dilation, there is no experimental evidence for these putative effects. Only a universal (position independent) time dilation effect for different inertial frames distinguishes special from Galilean relativity.
Arrowed-time divergence-free rules or cosmological quantum dynamics are formulated through stepped Feynman paths across macroscopic slices of Milne spacetime. Slice boundaries house totally-relativistic rays representing elementary entities--preons. Total relativity and the associated preon Fock space, despite distinction from special relativity (which lacks time arrow), are based on the Lorentz group. Each path is a set of cubic vertices connected by straight, directed and stepped arcs that carry inertial, electromagnetic and gravitational action. The action of an arc step comprises increment…
We show that Cosmological Constant (CC) is not optional in GR (General Relativity) because it is required by SR (Special Relativity). This completely unexpected result is obtained by introducing a minimal acceleration (Milgrom), square root of CC, in Einstein boost with Lorentz Transformation (LT). We prove that hyperbolic rotation (LT) is an hyperbolic motion with a centrifugal acceleration. In SR with CC (CSR or CR), the universe is not only in expansion (with the law of Hubble) but even in accelerated expansion (cosmological parameter is minus one). Given that the structure of space-time in…
From a theory of an abstract quantum information the theory of general relativity can be deduced by means of few and physically good founded reasons. "Abstract" quantum information means that primarily no special meaning is connected with it. Therefore it is named with a new denotation: Protyposis. From the Protyposis and by using group-theoretical methods follows a cosmological model, which has an isotropic and homogeneous metric and solves the so-called cosmological problems. The Protyposis is subject to an equation of states for energy density and pressure that fulfils all the energy condit…
We aim to investigate the theory of Lorentz violation with an invariant minimum speed so-called Symmetrical Special Relativity (SSR) from the viewpoint of its metric. Thus we should explore the nature of SSR-metric in order to understand the origin of the conformal factor that appears in the metric by deforming Minkowski metric by means of an invariant minimum speed that breaks down Lorentz symmetry. So we are able to realize that there is a similarity between SSR and a new space with variable negative curvature ($-\infty<\mathcal R<0$) connected to a set of infinite cosmological constants ($0…
In this article we propose to add stress-energy tensor to the Einstein equations, assuming that the matter-energy and the metric space-time is nothing but a continuous medium with some elastic properties. We first give a general expression of the stress tensor which is linearly related to the strain tensor. Then, we give the particular expression of the stress tensor for a spatially homnogeneous and isotropic cosmological medium. After that we derive the modified Friedmann equations. In first approximation, we end up with the usual term $Λg_{μν}$ , where the cosmological constant $Λ=K\varepsil…
The present study deals with locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type II cosmological models representing massive string. The energy-momentum tensor for such string as formulated by Letelier (1983) is used to construct massive string cosmological models for which we assume that the expansion ($θ$) in the models is proportional to the shear ($σ$). This condition leads to $A = B^{m}$, where A and B are the metric coefficients and m is constant. We have derived two types of models depending on different values of m i.e. for $m\neq \sqrt{2}$ and $m = \sqrt{2}$ respectively. For suitable c…
