Extending the redshift-distance relation in Cosmological General Relativity to higher redshifts

Transverse redshift effects without special relativity

Transverse redshift effects are sometimes presented as being unique to special relativity (the "transverse Doppler effect"). We argue that if the detector is aimed at 90 degrees in the laboratory frame, most theories will predict a redshifted frequency at the detector, although these predictions can be concealed by specifying that angles should be defined in a frame /other/ than the laboratory frame. These redshifts are often stronger than special relativity's predictions. We list some of the situations in which lab-transverse redshifts would be expected.

Extending Special Relativity to Superluminal Motion

Experiments done with single photon in the early 1990's produced a surprising result: that single photon pass through a photon tunnel barrier with a group velocity faster than the vacuum speed of light. Recently, a series of experiments revealed that electromagnetic wave was able to travel at a group velocity faster than $c$. These phenomena have been observed in dispersive media. We think all particles can be divided into three kinds in nature: The first kind of particle is its velocity in the range of $0\leq v < c$, e.g. electron, atom and so on. The second kind of particle is its velocity i…

相对论的动力学方法：刚性加速中的时钟去同步化与引力红移

A dynamical approach to relativity: Desynchronization of clocks in rigid acceleration and gravitational redshift

本文受QED启发提出相对论的动力学模型，为长度收缩、时间膨胀和时钟去同步化提供动力学解释，并论证等效原理与引力红移对解释时钟去同步化的必要性，从而表明狭义相对论本身不完备。

Optical Approach to Gravitational Redshift

An optical approach begins by interpreting the gravitational redshift resulting to a change in the relative velocity of light due to the medium of propagation in the gravitational field. The discussion continues by pointing out an agreement in structure between the equation for rays in geometrical optics and the geodesic equation of general relativity. From their comparison we learn that the path of rays should be given by the relation $ds^2=n^2(r)dr^2+r^2dθ^2$, not by $ds^2=dr^2+r^2dθ^2$, in a medium with spherical symmetry of refractive index $n(r)$. The development of an optical analogy sug…

Do redshifted cosmological photons really violate the principle of energy conservation?

Although the Universe is far from understood, we are fairly confident about some key features: Special Relativity (SR) describes the kinematics of inertial frames; General Relativity (GR) explains gravitation; the Universe had a beginning in time and has been expanding since. Nevertheless it is quite difficult to see the 'big picture', although the idea of applying GR to the entire Universe has been very successful with a model emerging that is consistent with observation. One unpleasant feature of the model is that cosmological photons appear not to conserve energy, and the only explanation f…

Yilmaz Theory of SNe 1a Redshift

A redshift-luminosity distance relation in excellent agreement with observations is calculated here for SNe 1a using the Yilmaz gravitational theory. In contrast to the current conventional explanation based on general relativity, the Yilmaz theory does not require a cosmological constant term that implies the existence of "dark energy". The Yilmaz theory requires only one parameter; a mean mass-energy density of the cosmos. The required value is essentially the same as the critical density for a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmological metric. The Yilmaz theory therefore still requires the exi…