Transverse redshift effects without special relativity

Extending the redshift-distance relation in Cosmological General Relativity to higher redshifts

The redshift-distance modulus relation, the Hubble Diagram, derived from Cosmological General Relativity has been extended to arbitrarily large redshifts. Numerical methods were employed and a density function was found that results in a valid solution of the field equations at all redshifts. The extension has been compared to 302 type Ia supernova data as well as to 69 Gamma-ray burst data. The latter however do not not truly represent a `standard candle' as the derived distance modulii are not independent of the cosmology used. Nevertheless the analysis shows a good fit can be achieved witho…

相对论的动力学方法：刚性加速中的时钟去同步化与引力红移

A dynamical approach to relativity: Desynchronization of clocks in rigid acceleration and gravitational redshift

本文受QED启发提出相对论的动力学模型，为长度收缩、时间膨胀和时钟去同步化提供动力学解释，并论证等效原理与引力红移对解释时钟去同步化的必要性，从而表明狭义相对论本身不完备。

Optical Approach to Gravitational Redshift

An optical approach begins by interpreting the gravitational redshift resulting to a change in the relative velocity of light due to the medium of propagation in the gravitational field. The discussion continues by pointing out an agreement in structure between the equation for rays in geometrical optics and the geodesic equation of general relativity. From their comparison we learn that the path of rays should be given by the relation $ds^2=n^2(r)dr^2+r^2dθ^2$, not by $ds^2=dr^2+r^2dθ^2$, in a medium with spherical symmetry of refractive index $n(r)$. The development of an optical analogy sug…

Explaining Michelson-Morley without Special Relativity

In this paper, we first discuss the concept of an emission wave. In the history of science, this is the first time we have discovered a new way in which (transverse) waves are realized in nature. It can therefore be expected to lead to important changes in the perspective about the nature of light or radiation. Then, we point out that the null result of the Michelson-Morley experiment is a natural and straightforward consequence of light being an emission wave. Concepts of special relativity, of length contraction and of time dilation, are not required for this explanation, however.

Two exact derivations of the mass/energy relationship, E=mc^2

The E=mc^2 relationship is not unique to special relativity. Einstein published one exact derivation from special relativity and two approximate derivations that used general extensions to Newtonian mechanics, and an exact derivation is also possible if we use a "first-order" Doppler equation instead of special relativity's "relativistic Doppler" formula. We present two sample derivations based on different non-transverse Doppler relationships, and briefly look at the two diverging systems of physics that result.

Do redshifted cosmological photons really violate the principle of energy conservation?

Although the Universe is far from understood, we are fairly confident about some key features: Special Relativity (SR) describes the kinematics of inertial frames; General Relativity (GR) explains gravitation; the Universe had a beginning in time and has been expanding since. Nevertheless it is quite difficult to see the 'big picture', although the idea of applying GR to the entire Universe has been very successful with a model emerging that is consistent with observation. One unpleasant feature of the model is that cosmological photons appear not to conserve energy, and the only explanation f…