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arXiv physics/0004035physics.chem-ph
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开放化学体系的热力学平衡

Thermodynamic Equilibrium in Open Chemical Systems

B. Zilbergleyt

摘要:

本文提出了一种新的开放化学体系平衡模型,提出了在热力学外力作用下反应偏离平衡的线性关系。该模型的基本方程包含传统的对数项和一个非传统的抛物线项。在孤立平衡时,非传统项等于零,使整个方程变为传统形式的常数方程。这一项与过量热力学函数相吻合,揭示了热力学活度系数的对数与开放平衡时反应程度之间的线性关系。发现的关系促使我们在许多系统中使用线性系数和反应偏离真实平衡的组合,而不是活度系数。线性系数可以通过热力学计算机模拟找到,而位移是定义开放平衡态的自变量。通过各种模拟技术获得的数值数据证明了化学动力学方法的前提。

英文摘要:

The article presents new model of equilibrium in open chemical systems suggesting a linear dependence of the reaction shift from equilibrium in presence of the external thermodynamic force. Basic equation of this model contains traditional logarithmic term and a non-traditional parabolic term. At isolated equilibrium the non-traditional term equals to zero turning the whole equation to the traditional form of constant equation. This term coincides with the excessive thermodynamic function revealing linear relationship between logarithm of the thermodynamic activity coefficient and reaction extent at open equilibrium. Discovered relationship prompts us to use in many systems a combination of the linearity coefficient and reaction shift from true equilibrium rather then activity coefficients. The coefficient of linearity can be found by thermodynamic computer simulation while the shift is an independent variable defining the open equilibrium state. Numerical data obtained by various simulation techniques proved premise of the method of chemical dynamics.

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