声致发光的本质：“冷”水中热电子激发的稀有气体辐射
Nature of Sonoluminescence: Noble Gas Radiation Excited by Hot Electrons in "Cold" Water
摘要：
我们表明，强电场发生在水中的表面附近的崩溃的气泡，因为挠曲电效应可以引起动态电击穿在微米大小的区域附近的气泡，并考虑的情况下的SBSL。场景是：（i）在气泡不完全破裂的最后阶段，气泡表面附近的水中的压力梯度具有这样的值和符号，即由挠曲电效应产生的电场超过水的动态电击穿的阈值场，并且被引导到气泡中心;（ii）由于气泡表面附近的水分子的热电离而产生移动电子;（iv）这些热电子将溶解在水中的稀有气体原子转移到高能激发态，这些态之间的光学跃迁在水的透明窗口中产生SBSL紫外闪光;（v）击穿可重复数次，紫外线闪光的功率和持续时间由击穿的多重性决定。SBSL光谱被发现类似于黑体光谱，其中温度由热电子的有效温度给出。当作出实际的估计时，发现SBSL的脉冲能量和一些其他特性与实验数据一致。
英文摘要：
We show that strong electric fields occurring in water near the surface of collapsing gas bubbles because of the flexoelectric effect can provoke dynamic electric breakdown in a micron-size region near the bubble and consider the scenario of the SBSL. The scenario is: (i) at the last stage of incomplete collapse of the bubble the gradient of pressure in water near the bubble surface has such a value and sign that the electric field arising from the flexoelectric effect exceeds the threshold field of the dynamic electrical breakdown of water and is directed to the bubble center; (ii) mobile electrons are generated because of thermal ionization of water molecules near the bubble surface; (iii) these electrons are accelerated in ''cold'' water by the strong electric fields; (iv) these hot electrons transfer noble gas atoms dissolved in water to high-energy excited states and optical transitions between these states produce SBSL UV flashes in the trasparency window of water; (v) the breakdown can be repeated several times and the power and duration of the UV flash are determined by the multiplicity of the breakdowns. The SBSL spectrum is found to resemble a black-body spectrum where temperature is given by the effective temperature of the hot electrons. The pulse energy and some other characteristics of the SBSL are found to be in agreement with the experimental data when realistic estimations are made.
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