量子力学中的不可逆性与测量
Irreversibility and Measurement in Quantum Mechanics
摘要：
在量子力学中，不可逆性通常被认为是测量的特征。这种特性的基本问题得到解决。首先，测量是否在量子力学中进行，是实验者关于实验环境如何构成的任意决定。第二，如何用神经生理学机制来解释在进行测量时发生的不可逆性？在神经生理学机制中，原则上不需要宏观测量仪器来进行测量，就像宏观量子隧穿一样。第三，在测量过程中没有物理相互作用的情况下，不可逆性如何表征负面观察？
英文摘要：
Irreversibility is often considered to characterize measurements in quantum mechanics. Fundamental problems with this characterization are addressed. First, whether a measurement is made in quantum mechanics is an arbitrary decision on the part of the experimenter concerning how the experimental circumstances are structured. Second, how is irreversibility that occurs in making a measurement explained in terms of a neurophysiological mechanism where a macroscopic measuring instrument is not required in principle to make the measurement, as in macroscopic quantum tunneling? Third, how does irreversibility characterize a negative observation where there is no physical interaction in the measurement process?
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