We construct four new series of generalized simple Lie algebras of Cartan type, using the mixtures of grading operators and down-grading operators. Our results in this paper are further generalizations of those in Osborn's work ``New simple infinite-dimensional Lie algebras of characteristic 0.''
We construct explicit Drinfel'd twists of Jordanian type for the generalized Cartan type K Lie algebras in characteristic 0 and obtain the corresponding quantizations, especially their integral forms. By making modular reductions including modulo p and modulo p-restrictedness reduction, and base changes, we derive certain modular quantizations of the restricted universal enveloping algebra $\mathbf u(\mathbf{K}(2n{+}1;\underline{1}))$ for the restricted simple Lie algebra of Cartan type K in characteristic p. They are new pointed Hopf algebras of noncommutative and noncocommutative and with di…
We construct explicit Drinfel'd twists for the generalized Cartan type $H$ Lie algebras in characteristic $0$ and obtain the corresponding quantizations and their integral forms. Via making modular reductions including modulo $p$ reduction and modulo $p$-restrictedness reduction, and base changes, we derive certain modular quantizations of the restricted universal enveloping algebra $\mathbf u(\mathbf{H}(2n;\underline{1}))$ in characteristic $p$. They are new non-pointed Hopf algebras of truncated $p$-polynomial noncommutative and noncocommutative deformation of prime-power dimension $p^{p^{2n…
Deformations of the 3-differential of 3-differential graded algebras are controlled by the (3,N) Maurer-Cartan equation. We find explicit formulae for the coefficients appearing in that equation, introduce new geometric examples of N-differential graded algebras, and use these results to study N Lie algebroids.
In this paper, we study pre-Lie analogues of Poisson-Nijenhuis structures and introduce ON-structures on bimodules over pre-Lie algebras. We show that an ON-structure gives rise to a hierarchy of pairwise compatible O-operators. We study solutions of the strong Maurer-Cartan equation on the twilled pre-Lie algebra associated to an O-operator, which gives rise to a pair of ON-structures which are naturally in duality. We show that KVN-structures and HN-structures on a pre-Lie algebra g are corresponding to ON-structures on the bimodule $(\mathfrak g^*;\mathrm{ad}^*,-R^*)$, and $KVΩ$-structures …
The generalized Cartan type $\mathbf{S}$ Lie algebras in char 0 with the Lie bialgebra structures involved are quantized, where the Drinfel'd twist we used is proved to be a variation of the Jordanian twist. As the passage from char 0 to char p, their quantization integral forms are given. By the modular reduction and base changes, we obtain certain quantizations of the restricted universal enveloping algebra $\mathbf u(\mathbf{S}(n;\underline{1}))$ (for the Cartan type simple modular restricted Lie algebra $\mathbf{S}(n;\underline{1})$ of $\mathbf{S}$ type). They are new Hopf algebras of trun…
A Cartan Calculus of Lie derivatives, differential forms, and inner derivations, based on an undeformed Cartan identity, is constructed. We attempt a classification of various types of quantum Lie algebras and present a fairly general example for their construction, utilizing pure braid methods, proving orthogonality of the adjoint representation and giving a (Killing) metric and the quadratic casimir. A reformulation of the Cartan calculus as a braided algebra and its extension to quantum planes, directly and induced from the group calculus, are provided.
The Deligne-Getzler-Hinich--$\infty$-groupoid or Maurer-Cartan simplicial set of an $L_\infty$-algebra plays an important role in deformation theory and many other areas of mathematics. Unfortunately, this construction only works over a field of characteristic $0$. The goal of this paper is to show that the notions of Maurer-Cartan equation and Maurer-Cartan simplicial set can be defined for a much larger number of operads than just the $L_\infty$-operad. More precisely, we show that the Koszul dual of every unital Hopf cooperad (a cooperad in the category of unital associative algebras) with …
We extend the classical characterization of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra g in terms of its Maurer-Cartan algebra-the familiar differential graded algebra of alternating forms on g with values in the ground field, endowed with the standard Lie algebra cohomology operator-to sh Lie-Rinehart algebras. To this end, we first develop a characterization of sh Lie-Rinehart algebras in terms of differential graded cocommutative coalgebras and Lie algebra twisting cochains that extends the nowadays standard characterization of an ordinary sh Lie algebra (equivalently: Linfty algebra) in terms of its…
A rigid framework for the Cartan calculus of Lie derivatives, inner derivations, functions, and forms is proposed. The construction employs a semi-direct product of two graded Hopf algebras, the respective super-extensions of the deformed universal enveloping algebra and the algebra of functions on a quantum group. Relations in the Cartan calculus follow as consistency conditions. The approach is not a priori based on the Leibniz rule for the exterior derivative and might hence also be of interest in the recent work on its deformations. The Cartan identity for the Lie derivatives is proven. (T…
Given a differential graded Lie algebra (dgla) L satisfying certain conditions, we construct Poisson structures on the gauge orbits of its set of Maurer-Cartan (MC) elements, termed Maurer-Cartan-Poisson (MCP) structures. They associate a compatible Batalin-Vilkovisky algebra to each MC element of L. An MCP structure is shown to exist for a number of dglas associated to commutative Frobenius algebras, deformations of Poisson and symplectic structures, as well as the Chevally-Eilenberg complex. MCP structures yield a notion of hamiltonian flow of MC elements, and also define Lie algebroids on g…
A generalization of the differential geometry of forms and vector fields to the case of quantum Lie algebras is given. In an abstract formulation that incorporates many existing examples of differential geometry on quantum groups, we combine an exterior derivative, inner derivations, Lie derivatives, forms and functions all into one big algebra. In particular we find a generalized Cartan identity that holds on the whole quantum universal enveloping algebra of the left-invariant vector fields and implicit commutation relations for a left-invariant basis of 1-forms.
We study (quasi-)twilled pre-Lie algebras and the associated $L_\infty$-algebras and differential graded Lie algebras. Then we show that certain twisting transformations on (quasi-)twilled pre-Lie algbras can be characterized by the solutions of Maurer-Cartan equations of the associated differential graded Lie algebras ($L_\infty$-algebras). Furthermore, we show that $\mathcal{O}$-operators and twisted $\mathcal{O}$-operators are solutions of the Maurer-Cartan equations. As applications, we study (quasi-)pre-Lie bialgebras using the associated differential graded Lie algebras ($L_\infty$-algeb…
A perturbative quantization procedure for Lie bialgebras is introduced and used to classify all three dimensional complex quantum algebras compatible with a given coproduct. The role of elements of the quantum universal enveloping algebra that, analogously to generators in Lie algebras, have a distinguished type of coproduct is discussed, and the relevance of a symmetrical basis in the universal enveloping algebra stressed. New quantizations of three dimensional solvable algebras, relevant for possible physical applications for their simplicity, are obtained and all already known related resul…
We extend the universal differential calculus on an arbitrary Hopf algebra to a ``universal Cartan calculus''. This is accomplished by introducing inner derivations and Lie derivatives which act on the elements of the universal differential envelope. A new algebra is formulated by incorporating these new objects into the universal differential calculus together with consistent commutation relations. We also explain how to include nontrivial commutation relations into this formulation to obtain the ``generalized Cartan calculus''.
We further develop the asymptotic analytic approach to the study of scattering diagrams. We do so by analyzing the asymptotic behavior of Maurer-Cartan elements of a differential graded Lie algebra constructed from a (not-necessarily tropical) monoid-graded Lie algebra. In this framework, we give alternative differential geometric proofs of the consistent completion of scattering diagrams, originally proved by Kontsevich-Soibelman, Gross-Siebert and Bridgeland. We also give a geometric interpretation of theta functions and their wall-crossing. In the tropical setting, we interpret Maurer-Carta…
In Kac's classification of finite-dimensional Lie superalgebras, the contragredient ones can be constructed from Dynkin diagrams similar to those of the simple finite-dimensional Lie algebras, but with additional types of nodes. For example, $A(n-1,0) = \mathfrak{sl}(1|n)$ can be constructed by adding a "gray" node to the Dynkin diagram of $A_{n-1} = \mathfrak{sl}(n)$, corresponding to an odd null root. The Cartan superalgebras constitute a different class, where the simplest example is $W(n)$, the derivation algebra of the Grassmann algebra on $n$ generators. Here we present a novel construct…
We name an indecomposable symmetrizable generalized Cartan matrix $A$ and the corresponding Kac--Moody Lie algebra ${\goth g} ^\prime (A)$ {\it of the arithmetic type} if for any $β\in Q$ with $(β| β)<0$ there exist $n(β)\in {\Bbb N}$ and an imaginary root $α\in Δ^{im}$ such that $n(β)β\equiv α\mod Ker\ (.|.)$ on $Q$. Here $Q$ is the root lattice. This generalizes "symmetrizable hyperbolic" type of Kac and Moody. We show that generalized Cartan matrices of the arithmetic type are divided in $4$ types: (a) finite, (b) affine, (c) rank two, and (d) arithmetic hyperbolic type. The last type is ve…