R. M. Kashaev, A. Yu. Volkov
Modified universal R-matrices, associated with the central extension (through the Drinfeld's double construction) of the quantum groups U_q(sl_n), are realized through an infinite dimensional spectral parameter dependent solution for the tetrahedron equation, provided a certain identity on $q$-exponentials holds true.
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It is known that a solution of the tetrahedron equation generates infinitely many solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation via suitable reductions. In this paper this scheme is applied to an oscillator solution of the tetrahedron equation involving bosons and fermions by using special 3d boundary conditions. The resulting solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation are identified with the quantum R matrices for the spin representations of B^{(1)}_n, D^{(1)}_n and D^{(2)}_{n+1}.
From the q-oscillator solution to the tetrahedron equation associated with a quantized coordinate ring, we construct solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation by applying a reduction procedure formulated earlier by S. Sergeev and the first author. The results are identified with the quantum R matrices for the infinite dimensional modules of U_q(A^{(1)}_1) and U_q(A^{(2)}_2) corresponding to an affinization of Verma modules of their subalgebras isomorphic to U_q(sl_2) and U_{q^4}(sl_2).
We review and supplement the recent result by the authors on the reduction of the three dimensional $R$ (3d $R$) satisfying the tetrahedron equation to the quantum $R$ matrices for the $q$-oscillator representations of $U_q(D^{(2)}_{n+1})$, $U_q(A^{(2)}_{2n})$ and $U_q(C^{(1)}_{n})$. A new formula for the 3d $R$ and a quantum $R$ matrix for $n=1$ are presented and a proof of the irreducibility of the tensor product of the $q$-oscillator representations is detailed.
We construct $2^n+1$ solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation associated with the quantum affine algebras $U_q\big(A^{(1)}_{n-1}\big)$, $U_q\big(A^{(2)}_{2n}\big)$, $U_q\big(C^{(1)}_n\big)$ and $U_q\big(D^{(2)}_{n+1}\big)$. They act on the Fock spaces of arbitrary mixture of particles and holes in general. Our method is based on new reductions of the tetrahedron equation and an embedding of the quantum affine algebras into $n$ copies of the $q$-oscillator algebra which admits an automorphism interchanging particles and holes.
We introduce a homomorphism from the quantum affine algebras $U_q(D^{(2)}_{n+1}), U_q(A^{(2)}_{2n}), U_q(C^{(1)}_{n})$ to the $n$-fold tensor product of the $q$-oscillator algebra ${\mathcal A}_q$. Their action commute with the solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation obtained by reducing the solutions of the tetrahedron equation associated with the modular and the Fock representations of ${\mathcal A}_q$. In the former case, the commutativity is enhanced to the modular double of these quantum affine algebras.
The intertwiner of the quantized coordinate ring $A_q(sl_3)$ is known to yield a solution to the tetrahedron equation. By evaluating their $n$-fold composition with special boundary vectors we generate series of solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation. Finding their origin in conventional quantum group theory is a clue to the link between two and three dimensional integrable systems. We identify them with the quantum $R$ matrices associated with the $q$-oscillator representations of $U_q(A^{(2)}_{2n})$, $U_q(C^{(1)}_n)$ and $U_q(D^{(2)}_{n+1})$.
In this paper, we study transition matrices of PBW bases of the nilpotent subalgebra of quantum superalgebras associated with all possible Dynkin diagrams of type A and B in the case of rank 2 and 3, and examine relationships with three-dimensional (3D) integrability. We obtain new solutions to the Zamolodchikov tetrahedron equation via type A and the 3D reflection equation via type B, where the latter equation was proposed by Isaev and Kulish as a 3D analog of the reflection equation of Cherednik. As a by-product of our approach, the Bazhanov-Sergeev solution to the Zamolodchikov tetrahedron …
We survey the matrix product solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation obtained recently from the tetrahedron equation. They form a family of quantum $R$ matrices of generalized quantum groups interpolating the symmetric tensor representations of $U_q(A^{(1)}_{n-1})$ and the anti-symmetric tensor representations of $U_{-q^{-1}}(A^{(1)}_{n-1})$. We show that at $q=0$ they all reduce to the Yang-Baxter maps called combinatorial $R$, and describe the latter by explicit algorithm.
We introduce a family of layer to layer transfer matrices in a three-dimensional (3D) lattice model which can be viewed as partition functions of the $q$-oscillator valued six-vertex model on $m \times n$ square lattice. By invoking the tetrahedron equation we establish their commutativity and bilinear relations mixing various boundary conditions. At $q=0$ and $m=n$, they ultimately yield a new proof of the steady state formula for the $n$-species totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) obtained recently by the authors, revealing the 3D integrability in the matrix product construct…
We consider a three-dimensional (3D) lattice model associated with the intertwiner of the quantized coordinate ring $A_q(sl_3)$, and introduce a family of layer to layer transfer matrices on $m\times n$ square lattice. By using the tetrahedron equation we derive their commutativity and bilinear relations mixing various boundary conditions. At $q=0$ and $m=n$, they lead to a new proof of the steady state probability of the $n$-species totally asymmetric zero range process obtained recently by the authors, revealing the 3D integrability in the matrix product construction.
We present several algebraic and differential-geometric constructions of tetrahedron maps, which are set-theoretical solutions to the Zamolodchikov tetrahedron equation. In particular, we obtain a family of new (nonlinear) polynomial tetrahedron maps on the space of square matrices of arbitrary size, using a matrix refactorisation equation, which does not coincide with the standard local Yang--Baxter equation. Liouville integrability is established for some of these maps. Also, we show how to derive linear tetrahedron maps as linear approximations of nonlinear ones, using Lax representations a…
This is a set of notes describing several aspects of the space of paths on ADE Dynkin diagrams, with a particular attention paid to the graph E6. Many results originally due to A. Ocneanu are here described in a very elementary way (manipulation of square or rectangular matrices). We recall the concept of essential matrices (intertwiners) for a graph and describe their module properties with respect to right and left actions of fusion algebras. In the case of the graph E6, essential matrices build up a right module with respect to its own fusion algebra but a left module with respect to the fu…
We construct $2^n$-families of solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation from $n$-products of three-dimensional $R$ and $L$ operators satisfying the tetrahedron equation. They are identified with the quantum $R$ matrices for the Hopf algebras known as generalized quantum groups. Depending on the number of $R$'s and $L$'s involved in the product, the trace construction interpolates the symmetric tensor representations of $U_q(A^{(1)}_{n-1})$ and the anti-symmetric tensor representations of $U_{-q^{-1}}(A^{(1)}_{n-1})$, whereas a boundary vector construction interpolates the $q$-oscillator represent…
We determine explicitly a rational even Drinfeld associator Q in a completion of the universal enveloping algebra of the Lie superalgebra gl(1|1)^3. More generally, we define a new algebra of trivalent diagrams that has a unique even horizontal group-like Drinfeld associator P. The associator P is mapped to Q by a weight system. As a result of independent interest, we show how O. Viro's generalization Delta^1 of the multi-variable Alexander polynomial can be obtained from the universal Vassiliev invariant of trivalent graphs. We determine P by using the invariant Delta^1(T) of a planar tetrahe…
We suggest a formula for quantum universal $R$-matrices corresponding to quasitriangular classical $r$-matrices classified by Belavin and Drinfeld for all simple Lie algebras. The $R$-matrices are obtained by twisting the standard universal $R$-matrix.
We prove that if U_h(g) is a quasitriangular QUE algebra with universal R-matrix R, and O_h(G^*) is the quantized function algebra sitting inside U_h(g), then h log(R) belongs to the tensor square O_h(G^*) otimes O_h(G^*). This gives another proof of the results of Gavarini and Halbout, saying that R normalizes O_h(G^*) otimes O_h(G^*) and therefore induces a braiding of the formal group G^* (in the sense of Weinstein and Xu, or Reshetikhin).
Solutions of Tetrahedron Equation from Quantum Cluster Algebra Associated with Symmetric Butterfly Quiver
本文基于量子簇代数方法，利用对称蝴蝶箭图与 $q$-Weyl 代数构造了由量子双对数乘积组成的四面体方程新解，为多种已知的三维 $R$-矩阵提供了统一视角。
Holonomy R-matrices parametrized by finite-dimensional representations are constructed for quantized universal enveloping algebras of simple Lie algebras at roots of 1.
The Drinfeld double of a finite dimensional Hopf algebra is a quasi-triangular Hopf algebra with the canonical element as the universal $R$-matrix, and one can obtain a ribbon Hopf algebra by adding the ribbon element. The universal quantum invariant of framed links is constructed using a ribbon Hopf algebra. In that construction, a copy of the universal $R$-matrix is attached to each crossing, and invariance under the Reidemeister III move is shown by the quantum Yang-Baxter equation of the universal $R$-matrix. On the other hand, the Heisenberg double of a finite dimensional Hopf algebra has…
Invertible universal R-matrices of quantum Lie algebras do not exist at roots of unity. There exist however quotients for which intertwiners of tensor products of representations always exist, i.e. R-matrices exist in the representations. One of these quotients, which is finite dimensional, has a universal R-matrix. In this paper, we answer the following question: on which condition are the different quotients of U_q(sl(2)) (Hopf)-equivalent? In the case when they are equivalent, the universal R-matrix of one can be transformed into a universal R-matrix of the other. We prove that this happens…
We give a complete combinatorial characterization of homogeneous quadratic relations of "universal character" valid for minors of quantum matrices (more precisely, for minors in the quantized coordinate ring $O_q(M_{m,n}(K))$ of $m\times n$ matrices over a field $K$, where $q\in K^\ast$). This is obtained as a consequence of a study of quantized minors of matrices generated by paths in certain planar graphs, called SE-graphs, generalizing the ones associated with Cauchon diagrams. Our efficient method of verifying universal quadratic identities for minors of quantum matrices is illustrated wit…
The universal R-matrices and, dually, the coquasitriangular structures of the group Hopf algebra of a finite Abelian group (resp. of an arbitrary Abelian group) are determined. This is used to formulate graded multilinear algebra in terms of triangular or cotriangular Hopf algebras. For the convenience of the reader, in a separate section the definitions and basic properties of quasitriangular and coquasitriangular Hopf algebras are recalled.
All coboundary Lie bialgebras and their corresponding Poisson--Lie structures are constructed for the oscillator algebra generated by $\{å,\ap,\am,\bb\}$. Quantum oscillator algebras are derived from these bialgebras by using the Lyakhovsky and Mudrov formalism and, for some cases, quantizations at both algebra and group levels are obtained, including their universal $R$--matrices.
A non-standard quantum deformation of the Poincaré algebra is presented in a null-plane framework for 1+1, 2+1 and 3+1 dimensions. Their corresponding universal $R$-matrices are obtained in a factorized form by choosing suitable bases related to the $T$-matrix formalism.
By using twist construction, we obtain a quantum groupoid $\cald\ot_{q}\uqg$ for any simple Lie algebra $\frakg$. The underlying Hopf algebroid structure encodes all the information of the corresponding elliptic quantum group-the quasi-Hopf algebras as obtained by Fronsdal, Arnaudon et. al. and Jimbo et. al..
A universal quasitriangular $R$--matrix for the non-standard quantum (1+1) Poincaré algebra $U_ziso(1,1)$ is deduced by imposing analyticity in the deformation parameter $z$. A family $g_μ$ of ``quantum graded contractions" of the algebra $U_ziso(1,1)\oplus U_{-z}iso(1,1)$ is obtained; this set of quantum algebras contains as Hopf subalgebras with two primitive translations quantum analogues of the two dimensional Euclidean, Poincaré and Galilei algebras enlarged with dilations. Universal $R$--matrices for these quantum Weyl algebras and their associated quantum groups are constructed.
A new method for deriving universal Ř matrices from braid group representation is discussed. In this case, universal Ř operators can be defined and expressed in terms of products of braid group generators. The advantage of this method is that matrix elements of Ř are rank independent, and leaves multiplicity problem concerning coproducts of the corresponding quantum groups untouched. As examples, Ř matrix elements of $[1]\times [1]$, $[2]\times [2]$, $[1^{2}]\times [1^{2}]$, and $[21]\times [21]$ with multiplicity two for $A_{n}$, and $[1]\times [1]$ for $B_{n}$, $C_{n}$, and $D_{n}$ type quan…
We construct affinization of the algebra $gl_λ$ of ``complex size'' matrices, that contains the algebras $\hat{gl_n}$ for integral values of the parameter. The Drinfeld--Sokolov Hamiltonian reduction of the algebra $\hat{gl_λ}$ results in the quadratic Gelfand--Dickey structure on the Poisson--Lie group of all pseudodifferential operators of fractional order. This construction is extended to the simultaneous deformation of orthogonal and simplectic algebras that produces self-adjoint operators, and it has a counterpart for the Toda lattices with fractional number of particles.
We extend the notion of dually conjugate Hopf (super)algebras to the coloured Hopf (super)algebras ${\cal H}^c$ that we recently introduced. We show that if the standard Hopf (super)algebras ${\cal H}_q$ that are the building blocks of ${\cal H}^c$ have Hopf duals ${\cal H}_q^*$, then the latter may be used to construct coloured Hopf duals ${\cal H}^{c*}$, endowed with coloured algebra and antipode maps, but with a standard coalgebraic structure. Next, we review the case where the ${\cal H}_q$'s are quantum universal enveloping algebras of Lie (super)algebras $U_q(g)$, so that the correspondin…
By now it is well established that the quantum dimensions of descendants of the adjoint representation can be described in a universal form, independent of a particular family of simple Lie algebras. The Rosso-Jones formula then implies a universal description of the adjoint knot polynomials for torus knots, which in particular unifies the HOMFLY (SU_N) and Kauffman (SO_N) polynomials. For E_8 the adjoint representation is also fundamental. We suggest to extend the universality from the dimensions to the Racah matrices and this immediately produces a unified description of the adjoint knot pol…
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