It has been known for some time that the topological entropy is a nondecreasing function of the parameter in the real quadratic family, which corresponds to the intuitive idea that more nonlinearity induces more complex dynamical behavior. Polynomial families of higher degree depend on several parameters, so that the very question of monotonicity needs to be reformulated. For instance, one can say the entropy is monotone in a multiparameter family if the isentropes, or sets of maps with the same topological entropy, are connected. Here we reduce the problem of the connectivity of the isentropes in the real cubic families to a weak form of the Fatou conjecture on generic hyperbolicity, which was proved to hold true by C. Heckman. We also develop some tools which may prove to be useful in the study of other parameterized families, in particular a general monotonicity result for stunted sawtooth maps: the stunted sawtooth family of a given shape can be understood as a simple family which realizes all the possible combinatorial structures one can expect with a map of this shape on the basis of kneading theory. Roughly speaking, our main result about real cubic families is that they are as monotone as the stunted sawtooth families with the same shapes because of Heckman's result (there are two posible shapes for cubic maps, depending on the behavior at infinity).
This is an outline of work in progress. We study the conjecture that the topological entropy of a real cubic map depends ``monotonely'' on its parameters, in the sense that each locus of constant entropy in parameter space is a connected set. This material will be presented in more detail in a later paper.
We show that the topological entropy is monotonic for unimodal interval maps which are obtained from the restriction of quadratic rational maps with real coefficients. This is done by ruling out the existence of certain post-critical curves in the moduli space of aforementioned maps, and confirms a conjecture made in [Fil19] based on experimental evidence.
In \cite{Mil}, Milnor posed the {\em Monotonicity Conjecture} that the set of parameters within a family of real multimodal polynomial interval maps, for which the topological entropy is constant, is connected. This conjecture was proved for quadratic by Milnor & Thurston \cite{MT} and for cubic maps by Milnor & Tresser, see \cite{MTr} and also \cite{DGMT}. In this paper we will prove the general case.
We show that the connectedness of the set of parameters for which the over-rotation interval of a bimodal interval map is constant. In other words, the over-rotation interval is a monotone function of a bimodal interval map.
In this paper we will develop a very general approach which shows that critical relations of holomorphic maps on the complex plane unfold transversally in a positively oriented way. We will mainly illustrate this approach to obtain transversality for a wide class of one-parameter families of interval maps, for example maps with flat critical points, piecewise linear maps, maps with discontinuities but also for families of maps with complex analytic extensions such as certain polynomial-like maps.
We prove that the entropy function on the moduli space of real quadratic rational maps is not monotonic by exhibiting a continuum of disconnected level sets. This entropy behavior is in stark contrast with the case of polynomial maps, and establishes a conjecture on the failure of monotonicity for bimodal real quadratic rational maps of shape $(+-+)$ which was posed in arXiv:1901.03458 based on experimental evidence.
The monotonicity of entropy is investigated for real quadratic rational maps on the real circle $\mathbb{R}\cup\{\infty\}$ based on the natural partition of the corresponding moduli space $\mathcal{M}_2(\mathbb{R})$ into its monotonic, covering, unimodal and bimodal regions. Utilizing the theory of polynomial-like mappings, we prove that the level sets of the real entropy function $h_\mathbb{R}$ are connected in the $(-+-)$-bimodal region and a portion of the unimodal region in $\mathcal{M}_2(\mathbb{R})$. Based on the numerical evidence, we conjecture that the monotonicity holds throughout th…
We describe the relation between the dynamical properties of a quasiperiodically forced orientation-preserving circle homeomorphism and the behavior of the fibered rotation number with respect to strictly monotone perturbations. Despite the fact that the dynamics in the forced case can be considerably more complicated, the result we obtain is in perfect analogy with the one-dimensional situation. In particular, the fibered rotation number behaves strictly monotonically whenever the rotation vector is irrational. This answers a question posed by Herman (1983, Comm. Math. Helv.).
The main result of this paper is a proof using real analysis of the monotonicity of the topological entropy for the family of quadratic maps, sometimes called Milnor's Monotonicity Conjecture. In contrast, the existing proofs rely in one way or another on complex analysis. Our proof is based on tools and algorithms previously developed by the authors and collaborators to compute the topological entropy of multimodal maps. Specifically, we use the number of transverse intersections of the map iterates with the so-called critical line. The approach is technically simple and geometrical. The same…
In this paper we will develop a general approach which shows that generalized "critical relations" of families of locally defined holomorphic maps on the complex plane unfold transversally. The main idea is to define a transfer operator, which is a local analogue of the Thurston pullback operator, using holomorphic motions. Assuming a so-called lifting property is satisfied, we obtain information about the spectrum of this transfer operator and thus about transversality. An important new feature of our method is that it is not global: the maps we consider are only required to be defined and ho…
We study bifurcations of cubic homoclinic tangencies in two-dimensional symplectic maps. We distinguish two types of cubic homoclinic tangencies, and each type gives different first return maps derived to diverse conservative cubic Hénon maps with quite different bifurcation diagrams. In this way, we establish the structure of bifurcations of periodic orbits in two parameter general unfoldings generalizing to the conservative case the results previously obtained for the dissipative case. We also consider the problem of 1:4 resonance for the conservative cubic Hénon maps.
We develop a renormalization theory for analytic homeomorphisms of the circle with two cubic critical points. We prove a renormalization hyperbolicity theorem. As a basis for the proofs, we develop complex a priori bounds for multi-critical circle maps.
This note will discuss the dynamics of iterated cubic maps from the real or complex line to itself, and will describe the geography of the parameter space for such maps. It is a rough survey with few precise statements or proofs, and depends strongly on work by Douady, Hubbard, Branner and Rees.
In this paper we prove existence of matings between a large class of renormalizable cubic polynomials with one fixed critical point and another cubic polynomial having two fixed critical points. The resulting mating is a Newton map. Our result is the first part towards a conjecture by Tan Lei, stating that all (cubic) Newton maps can be described as matings or captures.
The reconnection process in the dynamics of cubic nontwist maps, introduced in [3], is studied. The present paper extends the work presented in [8]. As in that work, in order to describe the route to reconnection of the involved Poincaré--Birkhoff chains or dimerised chains we investigate an approximate interpolating Hamiltonian of the map under study revealing again that the scenario of reconnection of cubic nontwist maps is different from that occurring in the dynamics of quadratic nontwist maps.
We prove that if two analytic multicritical circle maps with the same bounded type rotation number are topologically conjugate by a conjugacy which matches the critical points of the two maps while preserving the orders of their criticalities, then the conjugacy necessarily has $C^{1+α}$ regularity, where $α$ depends only on the bound on the type of the rotation number. We then extend this rigidity result to $C^3$-smooth bi-cubic circle maps.
In this article, we solve some word equations originated from discrete dynamical systems related to antisymmetric cubic map. These equations emerge when we work with primitive and greatest words. We conclude with some applications
This note will study a family of cubic rational maps which carry antipodal points of the Riemann sphere to antipodal points. We focus particularly on the fjords, which are part of the central hyperbolic component but stretch out to infinity. These serve to decompose the parameter plane into subsets, each of which is characterized by a corresponding rotation number.
In this paper, we show that the Hénon map $φ_{a,b}$ has a generically unfolding cubic tangency for some $(a,b)$ arbitrarily close to $(-2,0)$ by applying results of Gonchenko-Shilnikov-Turaev [12]-[16]. Combining this fact with theorems in Kiriki-Soma [20], one can observe the new phenomena in the Hénon family, appearance of persistent antimonotonic tangencies and cubic polynomial-like strange attractors.
We study the 1:4 resonance for the conservative cubic Hénon maps $\mathbf{C}_\pm$ with positive and negative cubic term. These maps show up different bifurcation structures both for fixed points with eigenvalues $\pm i$ and for 4-periodic orbits. While for $\mathbf{C}_-$ the 1:4 resonance unfolding has the so-called Arnold degeneracy (the first Birkhoff twist coefficient equals (in absolute value) to the first resonant term coefficient), the map $\mathbf{C}_+$ has a different type of degeneracy because the resonant term can vanish. In the last case, non-symmetric points are created and destroy…
The parameter space $\mathcal{S}_p$ for monic centered cubic polynomial maps with a marked critical point of period $p$ is a smooth affine algebraic curve whose genus increases rapidly with $p$. Each $\mathcal{S}_p$ consists of a compact connectedness locus together with finitely many escape regions, each of which is biholomorphic to a punctured disk and is characterized by an essentially unique Puiseux series. This note will describe the topology of $\mathcal{S}_p$, and of its smooth compactification, in terms of these escape regions. It concludes with a discussion of the real sub-locus of $\…
In this article we provide sufficient conditions on a self-similar interval exchange map, whose renormalization matrix has complex eigenvalues of modulus greater than one, for the existence of affine interval exchange maps with wandering intervals and semi-conjugate with it. These conditions are based on the algebraic properties of the complex eigenvalues and the complex fractals built from the natural substitution emerging from self-similarity. We show that the cubic Arnoux-Yoccoz interval exchange map satisfies these conditions.
In this note we consider a collection C of one parameter families of unimodal maps of [0,1]. Each family in the collection has the form uf where u is in [0,1]. Denoting the kneading sequence of uf by K(uf), we will prove that for each member of C, the map u->K(uf) is monotone. It then follows that for each member of C the map u -> h(uf) is monotone, where h(uf) is the topological entropy of uf. For interest, uf(x)=4ux(1-x) and uf(x)=usin(pi x) are shown to belong to C.
The structure of isentropes (i.e. level sets of constant topological entropy) including the monotonicity of entropy, has been studied for polynomial interval maps since the 1980s. We show that isentropes of multimodal polynomial families need not be locally connected and that entropy does in general not depend monotonically on a single critical value.
We consider the general second order difference equation $x_{n+1}=F(x_n,x_{n-1})$ in which $F$ is continuous and of mixed monotonicity in its arguments. In equations with negative terms, a persistent set can be a proper subset of the positive orthant, which motivates studying global stability with respect to compact invariant domains. In this paper, we assume that $F$ has a semi-convex compact invariant domain, then make an extension of $F$ on a rectangular domain that contains the invariant domain. The extension preserves the continuity and monotonicity of $F.$ Then we use the embedding techn…
We consider a class of cubic stochastic operators that are motivated by models for evolution of frequencies of genetic types in populations. We take populations with three mutually exclusive genetic types. The long term dynamics of single maps, starting with a generic initial condition where in particular all genetic types occur with positive frequency, is asymptotic to equilibria where either only one genetic type survives, or where all three genetic types occur. We consider a family of independent and identically distributed maps from this class and study its long term dynamics, in particula…
In this article, we study the topology and bifurcations of the moduli space $\mathcal{M}_3$ of cubic Newton maps. It's a subspace of the moduli space of cubic rational maps, carrying the Riemann orbifold structure $(\mathbb{\widehat{C}}, (2,3,\infty))$. We prove two results: (1). The boundary of the unique unbounded hyperbolic component is a Jordan arc and the boundaries of all other hyperbolic components are Jordan curves. (2).The Head's angle map is surjective and monotone. The fibers of this map are characterized completely. The first result is a moduli space analogue of the first author's …
The aim of this note is to give an effective criterion to verify whether a cubic polynomial over a non-Archimedean field has a weak Néron model or not.
We consider reversible non-conservative perturbations of the conservative cubic Hénon maps $H_3^{\pm}: \bar x = y, \bar y = -x + M_1 + M_2 y \pm y^3$ and study their influence on the 1:3 resonance, i.e. bifurcations of fixed points with eigenvalues $e^{\pm i 2π/3}$. It follows from the work by Dullin and Meiss, this resonance is degenerate for $M_1=0, M_2=-1$ when the corresponding fixed point is elliptic. We show that bifurcations of this point under reversible perturbations give rise to four 3-periodic orbits, two of them are symmetric and conservative (saddles in the case of map $H_3^+$ and…
In this paper we will modify the Milnor--Thurston map, which maps a one dimensional mapping to a piece-wise linear of the same entropy, and study its properties. This will allow us to give a simple proof of monotonicity of topological entropy for real polynomials and better understand when a one dimensional map can and cannot be approximated by hyperbolic maps of the same entropy. In particular, we will find maps of particular combinatorics which cannot be approximated by hyperbolic maps of the same entropy.
In this paper we generalize renormalization theory for analytic critical circle maps with a cubic critical point to the case of maps with an arbitrary odd critical exponent by proving a quasiconformal rigidity statement for renormalizations of such maps.
According to the Thurston No Wandering Triangle Theorem, a branching point in a locally connected quadratic Julia set is either preperiodic or precritical. Blokh and Oversteegen proved that this theorem does not hold for higher degree Julia sets: there exist cubic polynomials whose Julia set is a locally connected dendrite with a branching point which is neither preperiodic nor precritical. In this article, we reprove this result, constructing such cubic polynomials as limits of cubic polynomials for which one critical point eventually maps to the other critical point which eventually maps to …
We construct the moduli space, $M_d$, of degree $d$ rational maps on $\mathbb{P}^1$ in terms of invariants of binary forms. We apply this construction to give explicit invariants and equations for $M_3$. Using classical invariant theory, we give solutions to the following problems: (1) explicitly construct, from a moduli point $P\in M_d(k)$, a rational map $ϕ$ with the given moduli; (2) find a model for $ϕ$ over the field of definition (i.e. explicit descent). We work out the method in detail for the cases $d=2,3$.
Arnold's standard circle maps are widely used to study the quasi-periodic route to chaos and other phenomena associated with nonlinear dynamics in the presence of two rationally unrelated periodicities. In particular, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is a crucial component of climate variability on interannual time scales and it is dominated by the seasonal cycle, on the one hand, and an intrinsic oscillatory instability with a period of a few years, on the other. The role of meteorological phenomena on much shorter time scales, such as westerly wind bursts, has also been rec…
