We introduce a 1-cocycle on the group of diffeomorphisms Diff$(M)$ of a smooth manifold $M$ endowed with a projective connection. This cocycle represents a nontrivial cohomology class of $\Diff(M)$ related to the Diff$(M)$-modules of second order linear differential operators on $M$. In the one-dimensional case, this cocycle coincides with the Schwarzian derivative, while, in the multi-dimensional case, it represents its natural and new generalization. This work is a continuation of \cite{bo} where the same problems have been treated in one-dimensional case.
H. Sato introduced a Schwarzian derivative of a contactomorphism of three-dimensional Euclidean space and with T. Ozawa described its basic properties. In this note their construction is extended to all odd dimensions and to non-flat contact projective structures. The contact projective Schwarzian derivative of a contact projective structure is defined to be a cocycle of the contactomorphism group measuring the extent to which a contactomorphism fails to be an automorphism of the contact projective structure. For the flat model contact projective structure this gives a contact Schwarzian deriv…
Let $M$ be either a projective manifold $(M,Pi)$ or a pseudo-Riemannian manifold $(M,g).$ We extend, intrinsically, the projective/conformal Schwarzian derivatives that we have introduced recently, to the space of differential operators acting on symmetric contravariant tensor fields of any degree on $M.$ As operators, we show that the projective/conformal Schwarzian derivatives depend only on the projective connection $Pi$ and the conformal class $[g]$ of the metric, respectively. Furthermore, we compute the first cohomology group of $Vect(M)$ with coefficients into the space of symmetric con…
We start with introducing one of the most fundamental notions of differential geometry, Manifolds. We present some properties and constructions such as submanifolds, tangent spaces and the tangent map. Then we continue with introducing the real and complex projective space, and describe them from some different points of view. This part is finished by showing that CP^n is a Grassmannian manifold. At this stage we are ready to present the main subject of this thesis. The Schwarzian curvature, usually seems to be an accidental by-product of the calculations, can be seen as a geometric interpreta…
For a nonconstant holomorphic map between projective Riemann surfaces with conformal metrics, we consider invariant Schwarzian derivatives and projective Schwarzian derivatives of general virtual order. We show that these two quantities are related by the "Schwarzian derivative" of the metrics of the surfaces (at least for the case of virtual orders 2 and 3). As an application, we give univalence criteria for a meromorphic function on the unit disk in terms of the projective Schwarzian derivative of virtual order 3.
We extend the notion of a Thomas projective connection (a projective equivalence class of linear connections) for supermanifolds. As a by-product, we arrive at a generalisation of the multidimensional Schwarzian derivative for the super case which was previously unknown. This is combined with our previous construction of a Laplacian on the algebra of densities for a projectively connected manifold and allows us to study Batalin-Vilkovisky type operators and the relation between projective connections and odd Poisson structures.
To a complex projective structure $Σ$ on a surface, Thurston associates a locally convex pleated surface. We derive bounds on the geometry of both in terms of the norms $\|ϕ_Σ\|_\infty$ and $\|ϕ_Σ\|_2$ of the quadratic differential $ϕ_Σ$ of $Σ$ given by the Schwarzian derivative of the associated locally univalent map. We show that these give a unifying approach that generalizes a number of important, well known results for convex cocompact hyperbolic structures on 3-manifolds, including bounds on the Lipschitz constant for the nearest-point retraction and the length of the bending lamination.…
Let $(M,g)$ be a pseudo-Riemannian manifold. We propose a new approach for defining the conformal Schwarzian derivatives. These derivatives are 1-cocycles on the group of diffeomorphisms of $M$ related to the modules of linear differential operators. As operators, these derivatives do not depend on the rescaling of the metric $g.$ In particular, if the manifold $(M,g)$ is conformally flat, these derivatives vanish on the conformal group $\Og(p+1,q+1),$ where $\mathrm{dim} (M)=p+q.$ This work is a continuation of [1,4] where the Schwarzian derivative was defined on a manifold endowed with a pro…
Given a geometrically finite hyperbolic cone-manifold, with the cone singularity sufficiently short, we construct a one parameter family of cone-manifolds decreasing the cone angle to zero. We also control the geometry of this one parameter family via the Schwarzian derivative of the projective boundary and the length of closed geodesics.
We compare two relationships between quadratic differentials and measured geodesic laminations on hyperbolic Riemann surfaces (by foliations or complex projective structures). Each yields a homeomorphism $\ML(S) \to Q(X)$ for any conformal structure $X$ on a compact surface $S$. The main result is that these maps are nearly the same, differing by a multiplicative factor of -2 and an error term of lower order than the maps themselves (which we bound explicitly). As an application we show that the Schwarzian derivative of a $\CP^1$ structure with Fuchsian holonomy is close to a $2π$-integral Jen…
We consider the standard contact structure on the supercircle, S^{1|1}, and the supergroups E(1|1), Aff(1|1) and SpO(2|1) of contactomorphisms, defining the Euclidean, affine and projective geometry respectively. Using the new notion of (p|q)-transitivity, we construct in synthetic fashion even and odd invariants characterizing each geometry, and obtain an even and an odd super cross-ratios. Starting from the even invariants, we derive, using a superized Cartan formula, one-cocycles of the group of contactomorphisms, K(1), with values in tensor densities F_λ(S^{1|1}). The even cross-ratio yiel…
We define a partition of the space of projectively flat metrics in three classes according to the sign of the Chern scalar curvature; we prove that the class of negative projectively flat metrics is empty, and that the class of positive projectively flat metrics consists precisely of locally conformally flat-Kähler metrics on Hopf manifolds, explicitly characterized by Vaisman. Finally, we review the properties of zero projectively flat metrics. As applications, we refine a list of possible projectively flat metrics by Li, Yau, and Zheng; moreover we prove that projectively flat astheno-Kähler…
The expression (-1/u) times the Hessian of u transforms as a symmetric (0,2) tensor under projective coordinate transformations, so long as u transforms as a section of a certain line bundle. On a locally projectively flat manifold M, the section u can be regarded as a metric potential analogous to the local potential in Kahler geometry. If M is compact and u is a negative section of the dual of the tautological bundle whose Hessian is positive definite, then M is projectively equivalent to a quotient of a bounded convex domain in R^n. The same is true if M has a boundary on which u=0. This th…
We show that in dimension 2 every Finsler metric with at least 3-dimensional Lie algebra of projective vector fields is locally projectively equivalent to a Randers metric. We give a short list of such Finsler metrics which is complete up to coordinate change and projective equivalence.
A characterization of the C-projective vector fields on a Randers spaces is presented in terms of a recently introduced non-Riemannian quantity defined by Z. Shen and denoted by ${\bfΞ}$; It is proved that the quantity ${\bfΞ}$ is invariant for C-projective vector fields. Therefore, the dimension of the algebra of the C-projective vector fields on an $n$-dimensional Randers space is at most $n(n+2)$. The generalized Funk metrics on the $n$-dimensional Euclidean unit ball $\mathbb{B}^n(1)$ are shown to be explicit examples of the Randers metrics with a C-projective algebra of maximum dimension …
In this paper we prove that the holonomy group of a simply connected locally projectively flat Finsler manifold of constant curvature is a finite dimensional Lie group if and only if it is flat or it is Riemannian.
Generalizing the notion of local $ϕ$-symmetry of Takahashi, in the present paper, we introduce the notion of local $ϕ$-semisymmetry of a Sasakian manifold along with its proper existence and characterization. We also study the notion of local Ricci (resp., projective, conformal) $ϕ$-semisymmetry of a Sasakian manifold and obtain its characterization. It is shown that the local $ϕ$-semisymmetry, local projective $ϕ$-semisymmetry and local concircular $ϕ$-semisymmetry are equivalent. It is also shown that local conformal $ϕ$-semisymmetry and local conharmonical $ϕ$-semisymmetry are equivalent.
In this paper, we investigate the holonomy structure of the most accessible and demonstrative 2-dimensional Finsler surfaces, the Randers surfaces. Randers metrics can be considered as the solutions of the Zermelo navigation problem. We give the classification of the holonomy groups of locally projectively flat Randers two-manifolds of constant curvature. In particular, we prove that the holonomy group of a simply connected non-Riemannian projectively flat Finsler two-manifold of constant non-zero flag curvature is maximal and isomorphic to the orientation preserving diffeomorphism group of th…
Suppose that $X$ is a projective manifold whose tangent bundle $T_X$ contains a locally free strictly nef subsheaf. We prove that $X$ is isomorphic to a projective bundle over a hyperbolic manifold. Moreover, if the fundamental group $π_1(X)$ is virtually abelian, then $X$ is isomorphic to a projective space.
In this paper we continue to study equivariant pencil liftings and differential operators on the algebra of densities. We emphasize the role that the geometry of the extended manifold plays. Firstly we consider basic examples. We give a projective line of diff($M$)-equivariant pencil liftings for first order operators, and the canonical second order self-adjoint lifting. Secondly we study pencil liftings equivariant with respect to volume preserving transformations. This helps to understand the role of self-adjointness for the canonical pencils. Then we introduce the Duval-Lecomte-Ovsienko (DL…
We introduce a general setting for multidimensional dispersionless integrable hierarchy in terms of differential $m$-form $Ω_m$ with the coefficients satisfying the Plücker relations, which is gauge-invariantly closed and its gauge-invariant coordinates (ratios of coefficients) are (locally) holomorphic with respect to one of the variables (the spectral variable). We demonstrate that this form defines a hierarchy of dispersionless integrable equations in terms of commuting vector fields locally holomorphic in the spectral variable. The equations of the hierarchy are given by the gauge-invarian…
There is a natural sequence of CY manifolds that are double covers of the projective g dimensional spaces ramified over 2g+2 hyperplanes. We observe that some of them are obtained as quotient of the action of the semi-direct product of g-1 copies of cyclic Z/2Z groups with the symmetric g group on the product of g-copies of hyper-elliptic curves of genus g. The quotient is a double cover of the projective g space ramified over 2g+2 hyperplanes. This construction generalizes the construction of a Kummer surface. The Kodaira-Spencer classes on the Jacobian are invariant under the action of the g…
Suppose M be the projective limit of weak symplectic Banach manifolds \{(M_i,ϕ_{ij})\}_{i,j\in\mathbb N}, where M_i are modeled over reflexive Banach space and σis compatible with the inverse system(defined in the article). We associate to each point x\in M, a Fréchet space H_x(defined in section 3). We prove that if H_x are locally constant, then with certain smoothness and boundedness condition, there exists Darboux chart for the weak symplectic structure.
