This paper answers three questions posed by the first author. In Theorem 2.6 we show that the family of strong measure zero subsets of {}^{omega_1}2 is 2^{aleph_1}-additive under GMA and CH. In Theorem 3.1 we prove that the generalized Borel conjecture is false in {}^{omega_1}2 assuming ZFC+CH. Next, in Theorem 4.2, we show that the family of subsets of {}^{omega_1}2 with the property of Baire is not closed under the Souslin operation.
Here we deal with some problems posed by Matet. The first section deals with the existence of stationary subsets of [lambda]^{<kappa} with no unbounded subsets which are not stationary, where, of course, kappa is regular uncountable less or equal than lambda. In the second section we deal with the existence of such clubs. The proofs are easy but the result seems to be very surprising. Theorem 1.2 was proved some time ago by Baumgartner and is presented here for the sake of completeness.
We continue [Sh:b, Ch XIII] and [Sh:410]. Let W be an inner model of ZFC. Let kappa be a cardinal in V. We say that kappa-covering holds between V and W iff for all X in V with X subseteq ON and V models |X|< kappa, there exists Y in W such that X subseteq Y subseteq ON and V models |Y|< kappa. Strong kappa-covering holds between V and W iff for every structure M in V for some countable first-order language whose underlying set is some ordinal lambda, and every X in V with X subseteq lambda and V models |X|< kappa, there is Y in W such that X subseteq Y prec M and V models |Y|< kappa. We prove…
We argue that we solved Hilbert's first problem positively (after reformulating it just to avoid the known consistency results) and give some applications. Let lambda to the revised power of kappa, denoted lambda^{[kappa]}, be the minimal cardinality of a family of subsets of lambda each of cardinality kappa such that any other subset of lambda of cardinality kappa is included in the union of <kappa members of the family. The main theorem says that almost always this revised power is equal to lambda. Our main result is The Revised GCH Theorem: Assume we fix an uncountable strong limit cardinal…
We show that the reduced cofinality of the nonstationary ideal NS_kappa on a regular uncountable cardinal kappa may be less than its cofinality, where the reduced cofinality of NS_kappa is the least cardinality of any family F of nonstationary subsets of kappa such that every nonstationary subset of kappa can be covered by less than $κ$ many members of F.
Assuming 0^sharp does not exist, kappa is an uncountable cardinal and for all cardinals lambda with kappa <= lambda < kappa^{+ omega}, 2^lambda = lambda^+, we present a ``mini-coding'' between kappa and kappa^{+ omega}. This allows us to prove that any subset of kappa^{+ omega} can be coded into a subset, W of kappa^+ which, further, ``reshapes'' the interval [kappa, kappa^+), i.e., for all kappa < delta < kappa^+, kappa = (card delta)^{L[W cap delta]}. We sketch two applications of this result, assuming 0^sharp does not exist. First, we point out that this shows that any set can be coded by a…
We prove that if lambda is a strong limit singular cardinal and kappa a regular uncountable cardinal < lambda, then NS_{kappa lambda}, the non-stationary ideal over P_{kappa} lambda, is nowhere precipitous. We also show that under the same hypothesis every stationary subset of P_{kappa} lambda can be partitioned into lambda^{< kappa} disjoint stationary sets.
We give another proof that for every lambda >= beth_omega for every large enough regular kappa < beth_omega we have lambda^{[kappa]}= lambda, dealing with sufficient conditions for replacing beth_omega by aleph_omega. In section 2 we show that large pcf(a) implies existence of free sets. An example is that if pp(aleph_omega)> aleph_{omega_1} then for every algebra M of cardinality aleph_omega with countably many functions, for some a_n in M (for n< omega) we have a_n notin cl_M({a_l: l not= n, l<omega}). Then we present results complementary to those of section 2 (but not close enough): if IND…
We study several cardinal, and ordinal--valued functions that are relatives of Hanf numbers. Let kappa be an infinite cardinal, and let T subseteq L_{kappa^+, omega} be a theory of cardinality <= kappa, and let gamma be an ordinal >= kappa^+. For example we look at (1) mu_{T}^*(gamma, kappa):= min {mu^* for all phi in L_{infinity, omega}, with rk(phi)< gamma, if T has the (phi, mu^*)-order property then there exists a formula phi'(x;y) in L_{kappa^+, omega}, such that for every chi >= kappa, T has the (phi', chi)-order property}; and (2) mu^*(gamma, kappa):= sup{mu_T^*(gamma, kappa)| T in L_{k…
Suppose t = (T,T_1, p) is a triple of two theories T subset T_1 in vocabularies tau subset tau_1 (respectively) of cardinality lambda and a tau_1-type p over the empty set; in the main case here is with T stable. We show the Hanf number for the property: "there is a model M_1 of T_1 which omits p, but M_1 restricted to tau is saturated" is larger than the Hanf number of L_{lambda^+, kappa} but smaller than the Hanf number of L_{(2^lambda)^+, kappa} when T is stable with kappa = kappa(T). In fact, we characterize the Hanf number of t when we fix (T, lambda) where T is a first order complete, la…
In the context of large cardinals, the classical diamond principle Diamond_kappa is easily strengthened in natural ways. When kappa is a measurable cardinal, for example, one might ask that a Diamond_kappa sequence anticipate every subset of kappa not merely on a stationary set, but on a set of normal measure one. This is equivalent to the existence of a function l:kappa-->V_kappa such that for any A in H(kappa+) there is an embedding j:V-->M having critical point kappa with j(l)(kappa)=A. This and similar principles formulated for many other large cardinal notions, including weakly compact, i…
Complete Boolean algebras proved to be an important tool in topology and set theory. Two of the most prominent examples are B(kappa), the algebra of Borel sets modulo measure zero ideal in the generalized Cantor space {0,1}^kappa equipped with product measure, and C(kappa), the algebra of regular open sets in the space {0,1}^kappa, for kappa an infinite cardinal. C(kappa) is much easier to analyse than B(kappa) : C(kappa) has a dense subset of size kappa, while the density of B(kappa) depends on the cardinal characteristics of the real line; and the definition of C(kappa) is simpler. Indeed, C…
Miklos Laczkovich asked if there exists a Haussdorff (or even normal) space in which every subset is Borel yet it is not meager. The motivation of the last condition is that under MA_kappa every subspace of the reals of cardinality kappa has the property that all subsets are F_sigma, however Martin's axiom also implies that these subsets are meager. Here we answer Laczkovich' question.
A stationary subset S of a regular uncountable cardinal kappa reflects fully at regular cardinals if for every stationary set T subseteq kappa of higher order consisting of regular cardinals there exists an alpha in T such that S cap alpha is a stationary subset of alpha. We prove that the Axiom of Full Reflection which states that every stationary set reflects fully at regular cardinals, together with the existence of n-Mahlo cardinals is equiconsistent with the existence of Pi^1_n-indescribable cardinals. We also state the appropriate generalization for greatly Mahlo cardinals.
The Kalikow problem for a pair (lambda, kappa) of cardinal numbers, lambda > kappa (in particular kappa =2) is whether we can map the family of omega --sequences from lambda to the family of omega --sequences from kappa in a very continuous manner. Namely, we demand that for eta, nu in lambda^omega we have: eta, nu are almost equal if and only if their images are. We show consistency of the negative answer e.g. for aleph_omega but we prove it for smaller cardinals. We indicate a close connection with the free subset property and its variants.
We prove that some natural "outside" property is equivalent (for a first order class) to being stable. For a model, being resplendent is a strengthening of being kappa-saturated. Restricting ourselves to the case kappa > |T| for transparency, a model M is kappa-resplendent means: when we expand M by <kappa individual constants (c_i:i < alpha), if (M, c_i)_ {i<alpha} has an elementary extension expandable to be a model of T' where Th((M,c_i)_{i<alpha}) subseteq T', |T'| < kappa then already (M,c_i)_{i<α} can be expanded to a model of T'. Trivially any saturated model of cardinality lambda is la…
The following results are proved: (a) In a model obtained by adding aleph_2 Cohen reals, there is always a c.c.c. complete Boolean algebra without the weak Freese-Nation property. (b) Modulo the consistency strength of a supercompact cardinal, the existence of a c.c.c. complete Boolean algebras without the weak Freese-Nation property consistent with GCH. (c) Under some consequences of the negation of 0^#, the weak Freese-Nation property of (P(omega),subseteq) is equivalent to the weak Freese-Nation property of any of C(kappa) or R(kappa) for uncountable kappa. (d) Modulo consistency of (aleph_…
Using Shelah's revised GCH theorem we prove that if mu<beth_omega <= lambda are cardinals, then every mu-almost disjoint subfamily B of [lambda]^{beth_omega} is essentially disjoint, i.e. for each b from B there is a subset f(b) of b of size < |b| such that the family {b-f(b) b in B} is disjoint. We also show that if mu<=kappa<=lambda, and kappa is infinite, and (x) every mu-almost disjoint subfamily of [lambda]^kappa is essentially disjoint, then (xx) every mu-almost disjoint family B of subsets of lambda with |b|>=kappa for all b from B has a conflict-free colorings with kappa colors. Puttin…
The original theme of the paper is the existence proof of ``there is < eta_alpha : alpha < lambda > which is a (lambda,J)-sequence for < I_i:i<delta >, a sequence of ideals. This can be thought of as in a generalization to Luzin sets and Sierpinski sets, but for the product prod_{i< delta} Dom(I_i), the existence proofs are related to pcf. The second theme is when does a Boolean algebra B has free caliber lambda (i.e. if X subseteq B and |X|= lambda, then for some Y subseteq X with |Y|= lambda and Y is independent). We consider it for B being a Maharam measure algebra, or B a (small) product o…
section 2: We answer a question of Mekler Eklof on the closure operations of the incompactness spectrum. We answer a question of Foreman and Magidor on reflection of stationary subsets of S_{< aleph_2}(lambda) = {a subseteq lambda : |a| < aleph_2}]. section 3 - NPT is not transitive. We prove NPT(lambda, mu) + NPT(mu, kappa) not => NPT(lambda, kappa)
We prove the following two results. Theorem A: Let alpha be a limit ordinal. Suppose that 2^{|alpha|}<aleph_alpha and 2^{|alpha|^+}<aleph_{|alpha|^+}, whereas aleph_alpha^{|alpha|}>aleph_{|alpha|^+}. Then for all n< omega and for all bounded X subset aleph_{|alpha|^+}, M_n^#(X) exists. Theorem B: Let kappa be a singular cardinal of uncountable cofinality. If {alpha<kappa| 2^alpha=alpha^+} is stationary as well as co-stationary then for all n< omega and for all bounded X subset kappa, M_n^#(X) exists. Theorem A answers a question of Gitik and Mitchell, and Theorem B yields a lower bound for an …
We show using a proof of the Global Square property in Core Models below a measurable of Mitchell order o(kappa)=kappa^++ (a result originally due to Jensen & Zeman) that Foreman and Magidor's Mutual Stationarity property MS(Aleph_n (1<n<omega), Cof(omega_1)) implies the existence of inner models with measurables of high Mitchell order. This MS property states that any sequence of independently chosen stationary subsets S_n of the Aleph_n (of fixed cofinality omega_1) is mutually stationary below aleph_omega.
In this paper we first formulate several ``combinatorial principles'' concerning kappa \times omega matrices of subsets of omega and prove that they are valid in the generic extension obtained by adding any number of Cohen reals to any ground model V, provided that the parameter kappa is an omega-inaccessible regular cardinal in V. Then we present a large number of applications of these principles, mainly to topology. Some of these consequences had been established earlier in generic extensions obtained by adding omega_2 Cohen reals to ground models satisfying CH, mostly for the case kappa=ome…
Given a space $X$ we investigate the descriptive complexity class $\G_X$ of the set $\FF_0(X)$ of all its closed zero-dimensional subsets, viewed as a subset of the hyperspace $\FF(X)$ of all closed subsets of $X$. We prove that $\max \{ \G_X; \ X \text{ analytic } \}=\pca $ and $\sup \{ \G_X; \ X \text{ Borel } \borm ξ\} \supseteq \Game \bora ξ$ for any countable ordinal $ξ\geq1$. In particular we prove that there exists a one-dimensional Polish subpace of $2^\wo\times \R^2$ for which $\FF_0(X)$ is not in the smallest non trivial pointclass closed under complementation and the Souslin operati…
Results of Sierpinski and others have shown that certain finite-dimensional product sets can be written as unions of subsets, each of which is "narrow" in a corresponding direction; that is, each line in that direction intersects the subset in a small set. For example, if the set (omega \times omega) is partitioned into two pieces along the diagonal, then one piece meets every horizontal line in a finite set, and the other piece meets each vertical line in a finite set. Such partitions or coverings can exist only when the sets forming the product are of limited size. This paper considers such …
An important theorem of geometric measure theory (first proved by Besicovitch and Davies for Euclidean space) says that every analytic set of non-zero $s$-dimensional Hausdorff measure $\mathcal H^s$ contains a closed subset of non-zero (and indeed finite) $\mathcal H^s$-measure. We investigate the question how hard it is to find such a set, in terms of the index set complexity, and in terms of the complexity of the parameter needed to define such a closed set. Among other results, we show that given a (lightface) $Σ^1_1$ set of reals in Cantor space, there is always a $Π^0_1(\mathcal{O})$ sub…
