The Leibniz algebras appeared as a generalization of the Lie algebras. In this work we deal with the classification of nilpotent complex Leibniz algebras of low dimensions. Namely, the classification of nilpotent complex Leibniz algebras dimensions less than 3 is extended to the dimension four. {\it AMS Subject Classifications}: 16D70, 17A30, 17A60, 17B30 {\it Key words:} Leibniz algebra, associative algebra, nilpotence, nulfiliform Leibniz algebra, filiform Leibniz algebra.
In this paper we investigate the derivations of filiform Leibniz algebras. Recall that the set of filiform Leibniz algebras of fixed dimension is decomposed into three non-intersected families. We found sufficient conditions under which filiform Leibniz algebras of the first family are characteristically nilpotent. Moreover, for the first family we classify non-characteristically nilpotent algebras by means of Catalan numbers. In addition, for the rest two families of filiform Leibniz algebras we describe non-characteristically nilpotent algebras, i.e., those filiform Leibniz algebras which li…
Nilpotent Leibniz algebras with isomorphic maximal subalgebras are considered. The algebras are classified for coclass zero, one, and two. The results are field dependent.
W. A. Moens proved that a Lie algebra is nilpotent if and only if it admits an invertible Leibniz-derivation. In this paper we show that with the definition of Leibniz-derivation from W. A. Moens the similar result for non Lie Leibniz algebras is not true. Namely, we give an example of non nilpotent Leibniz algebra which admits an invertible Leibniz-derivation. In order to extend the results of paper W. A. Moens for Leibniz algebras we introduce a definition of Leibniz-derivation of Leibniz algebras which agrees with Leibniz-derivation of Lie algebras case. Further we prove that a Leibniz alge…
In this paper we investigate pre-derivations of filiform Leibniz algebras. Recall that the set of filiform Leibniz algebras of fixed dimension can be decomposed into three non-intersected families. We describe the pre-derivation of filiform Leibniz algebras for the first and second families. We found sufficient conditions under which filiform Leibniz algebras are strongly nilpotent. Moreover, for the first and second families, we give the description of characteristically nilpotent algebras which are non-strongly nilpotent.
We introduce the notion of c-nilpotent Schur Lie-multiplier of Leibniz algebras. We obtain exact sequences and formulas of the dimensions of the underlying vector spaces relating the c-nilpotent Schur Lie-multiplier of a Leibniz algebra Q and its quotient by a two-sided ideal. These tools are used to characterize Lie-nilpotency and c-Lie-stem covers of Leibniz algebras. We prove the existence of c-Lie-stem covers for finite dimensional Leibniz algebras and the non existence of c-covering on certain Lie-nilpotent Leibniz algebras with non trivial c-nilpotent Schur Lie-multiplier, and we provide…
We extend results on finite dimensional nilpotent Lie algebras to Leibniz algebras and counterexamples to others are found. One generator algebras are used in these examples and are investigated further.
Leibniz algebras are certain generalization of Lie algebras. In this paper we give the classification of four dimensional non-Lie nilpotent Leibniz algebras. We use the canonical forms for the congruence classes of matrices of bilinear forms and some other techniques to obtain our result.
This paper is devoted to the complete algebraic and geometric classification of complex $4$-dimensional nilpotent weakly associative, complex $4$-dimensional symmetric Leibniz algebras, and complex $5$-dimensional nilpotent symmetric Leibniz algebras. In particular, we proved that the variety of complex $4$-dimensional symmetric Leibniz algebras has no Vergne--Grunewald--O'Halloran Property (there is an irreducible component formed by only nilpotent algebras), but on the other hand, it has Vergne Property (there are no rigid nilpotent algebras).
We investigate almost inner derivations of some finite-dimensional nilpotent Leibniz algebras. We show the existence of almost inner derivations of Leibniz filiform non-Lie algebras differing from inner derivations, we also show that the almost inner derivations of some filiform Leibniz algebras containing filiform Lie algebras do not coincide with inner derivations.
Jacobson proved that if a Lie algebra admits an invertible derivation, it must be nilpotent. He also suspected, though incorrectly, that the converse might be true: that every nilpotent Lie algebra has an invertible derivation. We prove that a Lie algebra is nilpotent if and only if it admits an invertible Leibniz-derivation. The proofs are elementary in nature and are based on well-known techniques.
Leibniz algebras are certain generalization of Lie algebras. In this paper we give the classification of $5-$dimensional complex non-Lie nilpotent Leibniz algebras. We use the canonical forms for the congruence classes of matrices of bilinear forms to classify the case $\dim(A^2)=3$ and $\dim(Leib(A))=1$ which can be applied to higher dimensions. The remaining cases are classified via direct method.
The aim of this work is to present the description up to isomorphism of Leibniz superalgebras with characteristic sequence (n | m-1, 1) and nilindex n+m.
This paper is devoted to the description of complex finite-dimensional algebras of level two. We obtain the classification of algebras of level two in the variety of Leibniz algebras. It is shown that, up to isomorphism, there exist three Leibniz algebras of level two, one of which is solvable, and two of which are nilpotent. Moreover we describe all algebras of level two in the variety of nilpotent algebras.
Moens proved that a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over field of characteristic zero is nilpotent if and only if it has an invertible Leibniz-derivation. In this article we prove the analogous results for finite-dimensional Malcev, Jordan, (-1,1)-, quasiassociative, quasialternative, right alternative and Malcev-admissible noncommutative Jordan algebras over the field of characteristic zero. Also, we describe all Leibniz-derivations of semisimple Jordan, right alternative and Malcev algebras.
We present the description up to isomorphism of Leibniz superalgebras with characteristic sequence $(n|m_1,...,m_k)$ and nilindex $n+m,$ where $m=m_1+ >...+m_k,$ $n$ and $m$ ($m\neq 0$) are dimensions of even and odd parts, respectively.
We describe degenerations of four-dimensional Zinbiel and four-dimensional nilpotent Leibniz algebras over C. In particular, we describe all irreducible components in the corresponding varieties.
The aim of this work is to present the first problems that appear in the study of nilpotent Leibniz superalgebras. These superalgebras and so the problems, will be considered as a natural generalization of nilpotent Leibniz algebras and Lie superalgebras.
The main result of this paper is to prove that if a (right) Leibniz algebra $L$ is \textit{right nilpotent} of degree $n$, then $L$ is \textit{strongly nilpotent} of degree less or equal to $4n^2-2n+1$.
This paper is a contribution to the development of the non associative algebras theory. More precisely, this work deals with the classification of the complex 4-dimensional Leibniz algebras. Note that the classification of 4-dimensional nilpotent complex Leibniz algebras was obtained in [1]. Therefore we will only consider non nilpotent case in this work.
We give algebraic and geometric classifications of $4$-dimensional complex nilpotent terminal algebras. Specifically, we find that, up to isomorphism, there are $41$ one-parameter families of $4$-dimensional nilpotent terminal (non-Leibniz) algebras, $18$ two-parameter families of $4$-dimensional nilpotent terminal (non-Leibniz) algebras, $2$ three-parameter families of $4$-dimensional nilpotent terminal (non-Leibniz) algebras, complemented by $21$ additional isomorphism classes. The corresponding geometric variety has dimension 17 and decomposes into 3 irreducible components determined by the…
It is well-known that all saturated formations of finite soluble groups are locally defined and, except for the trivial formation, have many different local definitions. I show that for Lie and Leibniz algebras over a field of characteristic 0, the formations of all nilpotent algebras and of all soluble algebras are the only locally defined formations and that the latter has many local definitions. Over a field of non-zero characteristic, a saturated formation of soluble Lie algebras has at most one local definition but a locally defined saturated formation of soluble Leibniz algebras other th…
We classify all nonnilpotent, solvable Leibniz algebras with the property that all proper subalgebras are nilpotent. This generalizes the work of Stitzinger and Towers in Lie algebras. We show several examples which illustrate the differences between the Lie and Leibniz results.
In this paper, the structure of the second relative homology and the relative stem cover of the direct sum of two pairs of Leibniz algebras are determined by means of the non-abelian tensor product of Leibniz algebras. We also characterize all pairs of finite dimensional nilpotent Leibniz algebras such that...
In this paper, using the notions of perturbation and contraction of Lie and Leibniz algebras, we show that the algebraic varieties of Leibniz and nilpotent Leibniz algebras of dimension greater than 2 are reducible.
In the paper the class of all solvable extensions of a filiform Leibniz algebra in the infinite-dimensional case is classified. The filiform Leibniz algebra is taken as a maximal pro-nilpotent ideal of residually solvable Leibniz algebra. It is proven that the second cohomology group of the extension is trivial.
A converse to Lie's theorem for Leibniz algebras is found and generalized. The result is used to find cases in which the generalized property, called triangulable, is 2-recognizeable; that is, if all 2-generated subalgebras are triangulable, then the algebra is also. Triangulability joins solvability, supersolvability, strong solvability, and nilpotentcy as a 2-recognizeable property for classes of Leibniz algebras.
In this paper, we compare the abelian subalgebras and ideals of maximal dimension for finite-dimensional Leibniz algebras. We study Leibniz algebras containing abelian subalgebras of codimension 1, solvable and supersolvable Leibniz algebras for codimensions 1 and 2, nilpotent Leibniz algebras in case of codimension 2 and we also analyze the case of k-abelian p-filiform Leibniz algebras. Throughout the paper, we also give examples to clarify some results and the need for restrictions on the underlying field.
In this paper we describe solvable Leibniz algebras whose quotient algebra by one-dimensional ideal is a Lie algebra with rank equal to the length of the characteristic sequence of its nilpotent radical. We prove that such Leibniz algebra is unique and centerless. Also it is proved that the first and the second cohomology groups of the algebra with coefficients in itself is trivial.
In this paper we show that the method for describing solvable Lie algebras with given nilradical by means of non-nilpotent outer derivations of the nilradical is also applicable to the case of Leibniz algebras. Using this method we extend the classification of solvable Lie algebras with naturally graded filiform Lie algebra to the case of Leibniz algebras. Namely, the classification of solvable Leibniz algebras whose nilradical is a naturally graded filiform Leibniz algebra is obtained.
Zassenhaus has proved that if U is a subnormal subalgebra of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra L and V is a finite-dimensional irreducible L-module, then all U-module composition factors of V are isomorphic. Schenkman has proved that if U is a subnormal subalgebra of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra L, then the nilpotent residual of U is an ideal of L. These useful results generalise to Leibniz algebras.
The present paper is devoted to local and 2-local derivations and automorphism of complex finite-dimensional simple Leibniz algebras. We prove that all local derivations and 2-local derivations on a finite-dimensional complex simple Leibniz algebra are automatically derivations. We show that nilpotent Leibniz algebras as a rule admit local derivations and 2-local derivations which are not derivations. Further we consider automorphisms of simple Leibniz algebras. We prove that every 2-local automorphism on a complex finite-dimensional simple Leibniz algebra is an automorphism and show that nilp…
Engel subalgebras of finite-dimensional Leibniz algebras are shown to have similar properties to those of Lie algebras. Using these, it is shown that a left Leibniz algebra, all of whose maximal subalgebras are right ideals, is nilpotent. A primitive Leibniz algebra is shown to split over its minimal ideal and that all the complements to its minimal ideal are conjugate. A subalgebra is shown to be a Cartan subalgebra if and only if it is minimal Engel, provided that the field has sufficiently many elements. Cartan subalgebras are shown to have a property analogous to intravariance.
Basing ourselves on the categorical notions of central extensions and commutators in the framework of semi-abelian categories relative to a Birkhoff subcategory, we study central extensions of Leibniz algebras with respect to the Birkhoff subcategory of Lie algebras, called Lie-central extensions. We obtain a six-term exact homology sequence associated to a Lie-central extension. This sequence, together with the relative commutators, allows us to characterize several classes of Lie-central extensions, such as Lie-trivial, Lie-stem and Lie-stem cover, to introduce and characterize Lie-unicentra…
An algebra is said to be a unary Leibniz algebra if every one-generated subalgebra is a Leibniz algebra. An algebra is said to be a binary Leibniz algebra if every two-generated subalgebra is a Leibniz algebra. We give characterizations of unary and binary Leibniz algebras in terms of identities.
We prove that in characteristic 0 any proper subvariety of the variety of dual Leibniz algebras is nilpotent. Consequently, the variety of dual Leibniz algebras is Shpekhtian and has base rank 1.
The paper studies the structure of restricted Leibniz algebras. More specifically speaking, we first give the equivalent definition of restricted Leibniz algebras, which is by far more tractable than that of a restricted Leibniz algebras in [6]. Second, we obtain some properties of $p$-mappings and restrictable Leibniz algebras, and discuss restricted Leibniz algebras with semisimple elements. Finally, Cartan decomposition and the uniqueness of decomposition for restricted Leibniz algebras are determined.
In this paper we introduce color Hom-Akivis algebras and prove that the commutator of any color non-associative Hom-algebra structure map leads to a color Hom-akivis algebra. We give various constructions of color Hom-Akivis algebras. Next we study flexible and alternative color Hom-Akivis algebras. Likewise color Hom-Akivis algebras, we introduce non-commutative color Hom-Leibniz-Poisson algebras and presente several constructions. Moreover we give the relationship between Hom-dialgebras and Hom-Leibniz-Poisson algebras; i.e. a Hom-dialgebras give rise to a Hom-Leibniz-Poisson algebra. Finall…
The purpose of this paper is to generalize some results on ternary Leibniz algebras to the case of ternary Leibniz color algebras. In particular, we study color Lie triple systems. In order to produce examples of ternary Leibniz color algebras from Leibniz color algebras, several results on Leibniz color algebras are given. Then we introduce and give some constructions of ternary Leibniz-Nambu-Poisson color algebras. The relationship between associative trialgebras and -1- tridendriform algebras are investigated. Moreover, we give some methods of constructing modules over ternary Leibniz-Nambu…
We extend conjugacy results from Lie algebras to their Leibniz algebra generalizations. The proofs in the Lie case depend on anti-commutativity. Thus it is necessary to find other paths in the Leibniz case. Some of these results involve Cartan subalgebras. Our results can be used to extend other results on Cartan subalgebras. We show an example here and others will be shown in future work.
Leibniz algebras are certain generalization of Lie algebras. It is natural to generalize concepts in Lie algebras to Leibniz algebras and investigate whether the corresponding results still hold. In this paper we introduce the notion of complete Leibniz algebras as generalization of complete Lie algebras. Then we study properties of complete Leibniz algebras and their holomorphs.
In this paper, we introduce twisted relative Rota-Baxter operators on a Leibniz algebra as a generalization of twisted Poisson structures. We define the cohomology of a twisted relative Rota-Baxter operator $K$ as the Loday-Pirashvili cohomology of a certain Leibniz algebra induced by $K$ with coefficients in a suitable representation. Then we consider formal deformations of twisted relative Rota-Baxter operators from cohomological points of view. Finally, we introduce and study NS-Leibniz algebras as the underlying structure of twisted relative Rota-Baxter operators.
In this paper we continue the description of solvable Leibniz algebras whose nilradical is a filiform algebra. In fact, solvable Leibniz algebras whose nilradical is a naturally graded filiform Leibniz algebra are described in \cite{Campo} and \cite{SolGFil}. Here we extend the description to solvable Leibniz algebras whose nilradical is a filiform algebra. We establish that solvable Leibniz algebras with filiform Lie nilradical are Lie algebras.
This paper concerns the algebraic structure of finite-dimensional complex Leibniz algebras. In particular, we introduce left central and symmetric Leibniz algebras, and study the poset of Lie subalgebras using an associative bilinear pairing taking values in the Leibniz kernel.
