We investigate certain classes of normal completely positive (CP) maps on the hyperfinite $II_1$ factor $\mathcal A$. Using the representation theory of a suitable irrational rotation algebra, we propose some computable invariants for such CP maps.
In this paper we consider the following problem: When are the preduals of two hyperfinite (=injective) factors $\M$ and $\N$ (on separable Hilbert spaces) cb-isomorphic (i.e., isomorphic as operator spaces)? We show that if $\M$ is semifinite and $\N$ is type III, then their preduals are not cb-isomorphic. Moreover, we construct a one-parameter family of hyperfinite type III$_0$-factors with mutually non cb-isomorphic preduals, and we give a characterization of those hyperfinite factors $\M$ whose preduals are cb-isomorphic to the predual of the unique hyperfinite type III$_1$-factor. In contr…
We prove that the regular von Neumann subalgebras $B$ of the hyperfinite II_1 factor $R$ satisfying the condition $B'\cap R=Z(B)$ are completely classified (up to conjugacy by an automorphism of $R$) by the associated discrete measured groupoid $G$. We obtain a similar classification result for triple inclusions $A\subset B \subset R$, where $A$ is a Cartan subalgebra in $R$ and the intermediate von Neumann algebra $B$ is regular in $R$. A key step in proving these results is to show the vanishing cohomology for the associated cocycle actions of $G$ on $B$. We in fact prove two very general va…
In 1965 Tauer produced a countably infinite family of semi-regular masas in the hyperfinite $\mathrm{II}_1$ factor, no pair of which are conjugate by an automorphism. This was achieved by iterating the process of passing to the algebra generated by the normalisers and, for each $n\in\mathbb N$, finding masas for which this procedure terminates at the $n$-th stage. Such masas are said to have length $n$. In this paper we consider a transfinite version of this idea, giving rise to a notion of ordinal valued length. We show that all countable ordinals arise as lengths of semi-regular masas in the…
The main result of this paper is that the k^{\rm th} continuous Hochschild cohomology groups H^k(\cl M,\cl M) and H^k(\cl M,B(H)) of a von Neumann factor ${\cl M}\subseteq B(H) of type {\rm II}_1 with property Gamma are zero for all positive integers k. The method of proof involves the construction of hyperfinite subfactors with special properties and a new inequality of Grothendieck type for multilinear maps. We prove joint continuity in the $\|\cdot\|_2$-norm of separately ultraweakly continuous multilinear maps, and combine these results to reduce to the case of completely bounded cohomolog…
We characterize completely bounded normal Jordan $*$-homomorphisms acting on von Neumann algebras. We also characterize completely positive isometries acting on noncommutative $\mathrm{L}^p$-spaces.
We study the quantum ($C^*$) convexity structure of normalized positive operator valued measures (POVMs) on measurable spaces. In particular, it is seen that unlike extreme points under classical convexity, $C^*$-extreme points of normalized POVMs on countable spaces (in particular for finite sets) are always spectral measures (normalized projection valued measures). More generally it is shown that atomic $C^*$-extreme points are spectral. A Krein-Milman type theorem for POVMs has also been proved. As an application it is shown that a map on any commutative unital $C^*$-algebra with countable …
Let $\M$ be a type ${\rm II}_1$ factor with a faithful normal tracial state $τ$ and let $\M^ω$ be the ultrapower algebra of $\M$. In this paper, we prove that for every operator $T\in \M^ω$, there is a family of projections $\{P_t\}_{0\leq t\leq 1}$ in $\M^ω$ such that $TP_t=P_tTP_t$, $P_s\leq P_t$ if $s\leq t$, and $τ_ω(P_t)=t$. Let $\mathfrak{M}=\{Z \in \M: \text{there is a family of projections} \{P_t\}_{0\leq t\leq 1} \text{in} \M \text{such that} ZP_t=P_tZP_t, P_s\leq P_t \text{if} s\leq t, \text{and} τ(P_t)=t\}$. As an application we show that for every operator $T\in \M$ and $ε>0$, ther…
We prove the title by constructing 2-colourable completely positive approximations for the Toeplitz algebra. Besides results about nuclear dimension and completely positive contractive order zero maps, our argument involves projectivity of the cone over a finite dimensional C*-algebra and Lin's theorem on almost normal matrices.
We consider the convex set of ( unital ) positive ( completely ) maps from a $C^*$ algebra $\cla$ to a von-Neumann sub-algebra $\clm$ of $\clb(\clh)$, the algebra of bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space $\clh$ and study its extreme points via its canonical lifting to the convex set of ( unital ) positive ( complete ) normal maps from $\hat{\cla}$ to $\clm$, where $\hat{\cla}$ is the universal enveloping von-Neumann algebra over $\cla$. If $\cla=\clm$ and a ( complete ) positive operator $τ$ is a unique sum of a normal and a singular ( complete ) positive maps. Furthermore, a unital comp…
We demonstrate new abstract characterizations for unital and non-unital operator spaces. We characterize unital operator spaces in terms of the cone of accretive operators (operators whose real part is positive). Defining the gauge of an operator $T \in B(H)$ to be $\|Re(T)_+\|$, we demonstrate an abstract characterization of operator spaces up to complete gauge-isometry. Both of these characterizations preserve the structure of the self-adjoint, positive, and accretive operators, as well as the operator norm. We show that an operator space with a given matrix ordering of positive or accretive…
We provide a description of certain invariance properties of completely bounded bimodule maps in terms of their symbols. If $\mathbb{G}$ is a locally compact quantum group, we characterise the completely bounded $L^{\infty}(\mathbb{G})'$-bimodule maps that send $C_0(\hat{\mathbb{G}})$ into $L^{\infty}(\hat{\mathbb{G}})$ in terms of the properties of the corresponding elements of the normal Haagerup tensor product $L^{\infty}(\mathbb{G}) \otimes_{σ{\rm h}} L^{\infty}(\mathbb{G})$. As a consequence, we obtain an intrinsic characterisation of the normal completely bounded $L^{\infty}(\mathbb{G})'…
In this paper we generalize the results shown by Das and Peterson. Let $M$ be a ${\rm II}_1$-factor acting on $L^2(M)$. We consider certain unital normal completely positive maps on $B(L^2(M))$ which are identity on $M$. We investigate their fixed point spaces and obtain a rigidity result. As an application, we show some results of subfactors.
D. Bures had defined a metric on the set of normal states on a von Neumann algebra using GNS representations of states. This notion has been extended to completely positive maps between $C^*$-algebras by D. Kretschmann, D. Schlingemann and R. F. Werner. We present a Hilbert $C^*$-module version of this theory. We show that we do get a metric when the completely positive maps under consideration map to a von Neumann algebra. Further, we include several examples and counter examples. We also prove a rigidity theorem, showing that representation modules of completely positive maps which are close…
Given a sequence of bounded operators $a_j$ on a Hilbert space $H$ with $\sum a_j^*a_j=1=\sum a_ja_j^*$, we study the map $Ψ$ defined on $B(H)$ by $Ψ(x)=\sum a_j^*xa_j$ and its restriction $Φ$ to the Hilbert-Schmidt class $C^2(H)$. In the case when the sum $\sum a_j^*a_j$ is norm-convergent we show in particular that the operator $Φ-1$ is not invertible if and only if the C$^*$-algebra $A$ generated by $(a_j)$ has an amenable trace. This is used to show that $Ψ$ may have fixed points in $B(H)$ which are not in the commutant $A'$ of $A$ even in the case when the weak* closure of $A$ is injectiv…
We show that for every "locally finite" unit-preserving completely positive map P acting on a C*-algebra, there is a corresponding *-automorphism αof another unital C*-algebra such that the two sequences P, P^2,P^3,... and α, α^2,α^3,... have the same {\em asymptotic} behavior. The automorphism αis uniquely determined by P up to conjugacy. Similar results hold for normal completely positive maps on von Neumann algebras, as well as for one-parameter semigroups. These results can be viewed as operator algebraic counterparts of the classical Perron-Frobenius theorem on the structure of square mat…
We study the closure of the unitary orbit of a given point in the non-commutative Choquet boundary of a unital operator space with respect to the topology of pointwise norm convergence. This may be described more extensively as the $\ast$-representations of the $\mathrm{C}^{\ast}$-envelope that are approximately unitarily equivalent to one that possesses the unique extension property. Although these $\ast$-representations do not necessarily have the unique extension property themselves, we show that their unital completely positive extensions display significant restrictions. When the underlyi…
In 1973 Paschke defined a factorization for completely positive maps between C*-algebras. In this paper we show that for normal maps between von Neumann algebras, this factorization has a universal property, and coincides with Stinespring's dilation for normal maps into B(H).
For a state $ω$ on a C$^*$-algebra $A$ we characterize all states $ρ$ in the weak* closure of the set of all states of the form $ω\circφ$, where $φ$ is a map on $A$ of the form $φ(x)=\sum_{i=1}^na_i^*xa_i,$ $\sum_{i=1}^na_i^*a_i=1$ ($a_i\in A$, $n=1,2,...$). These are precisely the states $ρ$ that satisfy $\|ρ|J\|\leq\|ω|J\|$ for each ideal $J$ of $A$. The corresponding question for normal states on a von Neumann algebra $R$ (with the weak* closure replaced by the norm closure) is also considered. All normal states of the form $ω\circψ$, where $ψ$ is a quantum channel on $R$ (that is, a map of…
It is known that every semigroup of normal completely positive maps $P = {P_t: t\geq 0}$ of $B(H)$, satisfying $P_t(1) = 1$ for every $t\geq 0$, has a minimal dilation to an E_0-semigroup acting on $B(K)$ for some Hilbert space K containing H. The minimal dilation of P is unique up to conjugacy. In a previous paper a numerical index was introduced for semigroups of completely positive maps and it was shown that the index of P agrees with the index of its minimal dilation to an E_0-semigroup. However, no examples were discussed, and no computations were made. In this paper we calculate the inde…
Let G be a locally compact group, M(G) denote its measure algebra and L^1(G) denote its group algebra. Also, let pi:G->U(H) be a strongly continuous unitary representation, and let CB^{sigma}(B(H)) be the space of normal completely bounded maps on B(H). We study the range of the map Gamma_pi:M(G)->CB^sigma(B(H)), Gamma_pi(mu)= int_G pi(s)\otimes pi(s)^*dmu(s) where we identify CB^sigma(B(H)) with the extended Haagerup tensor product B(H)\otimes^{eh}B(H)$. We use the fact that the C*-algebra generated by integrating pi to L^1(G) is unital exactly when pi is norm continuous to show that Gamma_pi…
We study factorization and dilation properties of Markov maps between von Neumann algebras equipped with normal faithful states, i.e., completely positive unital maps which preserve the given states and also intertwine their automorphism groups. The starting point for our investigation has been the question of existence of non-factorizable Markov maps, as formulated by C. Anantharaman-Delaroche. We provide simple examples of non-factorizable Markov maps on M_n(C) for all n\geq 3, as well as an example of a one-parameter semigroup (T(t))_{t\geq 0} of Markov maps on M_4(C) such that T(t) fails t…
Starting with a unit-preserving normal completely positive map L: M --> M acting on a von Neumann algebra - or more generally a dual operator system - we show that there is a unique reversible system α: N --> N (i.e., a complete order automorphism αof a dual operator system N) that captures all of the asymptotic behavior of L, called the {\em asymptotic lift} of L. This provides a noncommutative generalization of the Frobenius theorems that describe the asymptotic behavior of the sequence of powers of a stochastic n x n matrix. In cases where M is a von Neumann algebra, the asymptotic lift is …
In this dissertation we study the category of completely positive normal contractive maps between von Neumann algebras. It includes an extensive introduction to the basic theory of $C^*$-algebras and von Neumann algebras.