The local Donaldson-Thomas theory of curves is solved by localization and degeneration methods. The results complete a triangle of equivalences relating Gromov-Witten theory, Donaldson-Thomas theory, and the quantum cohomology of the Hilbert scheme of points of the plane.
The quantum differential equation of the Hilbert scheme of points of the plane has a natural interpretation in the local Donaldson-Thomas theory of curves. The solution determines the 1-legged equivariant vertex.
Notes from the report at the Fields institute in Toronto. We introduce the Donaldson-Thomas invariants and describe the wall-crossing formulas for numerical Donaldson-Thomas invariants.
We study higher rank Donaldson-Thomas invariants of a Calabi-Yau 3-fold using Joyce-Song's wall-crossing formula. We construct quivers whose counting invariants coincide with the Donaldson-Thomas invariants. As a corollary, we prove the integrality and a certain symmetry for the higher rank invariants.
We prove that Donaldson-Thomas type invariants are equal to weighted Euler characteristics of their moduli spaces. In particular, such invariants depend only on the scheme structure of the moduli space, not the symmetric obstruction theory used to define them. We also introduce new invariants generalizing Donaldson-Thomas type invariants to moduli problems with open moduli space. These are useful for computing Donaldson-Thomas type invariants over stratifications.
We study motivic Donaldson-Thomas invariants in the sense of Behrend-Bryan-Szendroi. A wall-crossing formula under a mutation is proved for a certain class of quivers with potentials.
We study the equivariant Gromov-Witten and Donaldson-Thomas theories of $\mathbf{P}^2$-bundles over curves. We show the equivariant GW/DT correspondence holds to first order for certain curve classes
We solve the part of the Donaldson-Thomas theory of Calabi-Yau threefolds which comes from super-rigid rational curves. As an application, we prove a version of the conjectural Gromov-Witten/Donaldson-Thomas correspondence for contributions from super-rigid rational curves. In particular, we prove the full GW/DT correspondence for the quintic threefold in degrees one and two.
We study the Gromov-Witten and Donaldson-Thomas correspondence conjectured in [MNOP1, MNOP2], for trivial elliptic fibrations. In particular, we verify the Gromov-Witten and Donaldson-Thomas correspondence for primary fields when the threefold is $E \times S$ where $E$ is a smooth elliptic curve and $S$ is a smooth surface with numerically trivial canonical class.
We study the Donaldson-Thomas type invariants for the Calabi-Yau threefold Deligne-Mumford stacks under flops. A crepant birational morphism between two smooth Calabi-Yau threefold Deligne-Mumford stacks is called an orbifold flop if the flopping locus is the quotient of weighted projective lines by a cyclic group action. We prove that the Donaldson-Thomas invariants are preserved under orbifold flops.
We discuss the GW/DT correspondence for 3-folds in both the absolute and relative cases. Descendents in Gromov-Witten theory are conjectured to be equivalent to Chern characters of the universal sheaf in Donaldson-Thomas theory. Relative constraints in Gromov-Witten theory are conjectured to correspond in Donaldson-Thomas theory to cohomology classes of the Hilbert scheme of points of the relative divisor. Independent of the conjectural framework, we prove degree 0 formulas for the absolute and relative Donaldson-Thomas theories of toric varieties.
Using a homotopy approach, we prove in this paper a conjecture of Maulik, Nekrasov, Okounkov and Pandharipande on the dimension zero Donaldson-Thomas invariants of all smooth complex threefolds.
We compute the Donaldson-Thomas invariants for two types of Calabi-Yau 3-folds. These invariants are associated to the moduli spaces of rank-2 Gieseker semistable sheaves. None of the sheaves are locally free, and their double duals are locally free stable sheaves investigated earlier by Donaldson and Thomas, Li and Qin respectively. We show that these Gieseker moduli spaces are isomorphic to some Quot-schemes. We prove a formula for Behrend's functions when torus actions present with positive dimensional fixed point sets, and use it to obtain the generating series of the relevant Donaldson-Th…
We modify the standard perfect symmetric obstruction theory for moduli spaces of simple perfect complexes, to the situation of complexes on abelian threefolds with fixed determinant and Fourier-Mukai determinant. As outcome we attach nontrivial Donaldson-Thomas invariants to moduli spaces for complexes modulo twist and translation.
We show that the generating series of generalized Donaldson-Thomas invariants on the local projective plane with any positive rank is described in terms of modular forms and theta type series for indefinite lattices. In particular it absolutely converges to give a holomorphic function on the upper half plane.
We present a construction of Donaldson-Thomas invariants for three-dimensional projective Calabi-Yau Deligne-Mumford stacks. We also study the structure of these invariants for etale gerbes over such stacks.
Let $A$ be an abelian variety. We introduce $A$-equivariant Grothendieck rings and $A$-equivariant motivic Hall algebras, and endow them with natural integration maps to the ring of dual numbers. The construction allows a systematic treatment of reduced Donaldson-Thomas invariants by Hall algebra techniques. We calculate reduced Donaldson-Thomas invariants for $\mathrm{K3} \times E$ and abelian threefolds for several imprimitive curve classes. This verifies (in special cases) multiple cover formulas conjectured by Oberdieck-Pandharipande and Bryan-Oberdieck-Pandharipande-Yin.
In this paper we calculate the motivic Donaldson-Thomas invariants for (-2)-curves arising from 3-fold flopping contractions in the minimal model programme. We translate this geometric situation into the machinery developed by Kontsevich and Soibelman, and using the results and framework developed previously by the authors we describe the monodromy on these invariants. In particular, in contrast to all existing known Donaldson-Thomas invariants for small resolutions of Gorenstein singularities these monodromy actions are nontrivial.
We determine the structure of certain moduli spaces of ideal sheaves by generalizing an earlier result of the first author. As applications, we compute the (virtual) Hodge polynomials of these moduli space, and calculate the Donaldson-Thomas invariants of certain 3-folds with trivial canonical classes.
We prove the equivariant Gromov-Witten theory of a nonsingular toric 3-fold X with primary insertions is equivalent to the equivariant Donaldson-Thomas theory of X. As a corollary, the topological vertex calculations by Agangic, Klemm, Marino, and Vafa of the Gromov-Witten theory of local Calabi-Yau toric 3-folds are proven to be correct in the full 3-leg setting.
We generalize the notion of expanded degenerations and pairs for a simple degeneration or smooth pair to the case of smooth Deligne-Mumford stacks. We then define stable quotients on the classifying stacks of expanded degenerations and pairs and prove the properness of their moduli's. On 3-dimensional smooth projective DM stacks this leads to a definition of relative Donaldson-Thomas invariants and the associated degeneration formula.
We conjecture an equivalence between the Gromov-Witten theory of 3-folds and the holomorphic Chern-Simons theory of Donaldson-Thomas. For Calabi-Yau 3-folds, the equivalence is defined by the change of variables, exp(iu)=-q, where u is the genus parameter of GW theory and q is charge parameter of DT theory. The conjecture is proven for local Calabi-Yau toric surfaces.
We show that there is a natural perverse sheaf on the moduli space of semistable sheaves on a smooth projective Calabi-Yau 3-fold which is locally the perverse sheaf of vanishing cycles for a local Chern-Simons functional. This gives us a cohomology theory whose Euler numbers are Donaldson-Thomas invariants.
Let $X$ and $X'$ be nonsingular projective $3$-folds related by a flop of a disjoint union of $(-2)$-curves. We prove a flop formula relating the Donaldson-Thomas invariants of $X$ to those of $X'$, which implies some simple relations among BPS state counts. As an application, we show that if $X$ satisfies the GW/DT correspondence for primary insertions and descendants of the point class, then so does $X'$. We also propose a conjectural flop formula for general flops.
We further the study of the Donaldson-Thomas theory of the banana threefolds which were recently discovered and studied in [Bryan'19]. These are smooth proper Calabi-Yau threefolds which are fibred by Abelian surfaces such that the singular locus of a singular fibre is a non-normal toric curve known as a "banana configuration". In [Bryan'19] the Donaldson-Thomas partition function for the rank 3 sub-lattice generated by the banana configurations is calculated. In this article we provide calculations with a view towards the rank 4 sub-lattice generated by a section and the banana configurations…
Generalized Donaldson-Thomas invariants defined by Joyce and Song arXiv:0810.5645 are rational numbers which `count' both $τ$-stable and $τ$-semistable coherent sheaves with Chern character $α$ on a Calabi-Yau 3-fold $X$, where $τ$ denotes Gieseker stability for some ample line bundle on $X$. These invariants are defined for all classes $α$, and are equal to the classical Donaldson-Thomas invariant defined by Thomas arXiv:math/9806111 when it is defined. They are unchanged under deformations of $X$, and transform by a wall-crossing formula under change of stability condition $τ$. Joyce and Son…
For a Calabi-Yau 3-fold $X$, we explicitly compute the Donaldson-Thomas type invariant counting pairs $(F, V)$, where $F$ is a zero-dimensional coherent sheaf on $X$ and $V\subset F$ is a two dimensional linear subspace, which satisfy a certain stability condition. This is a rank two version of the DT-invariant of rank one, studied by Li, Behrend-Fantechi and Levine-Pandharipande. We use the wall-crossing formula of DT-invariants established by Joyce-Song, Kontsevich-Soibelman.
Using the degeneration formula for Donaldson-Thomas invariants, we proved a formula for the change of Donaldson-Thomas invariants of local surfaces under blowing up along points.
We prove a comparison formula for the Donaldson-Thomas curve-counting invariants of two smooth and projective Calabi-Yau threefolds related by a flop. By results of Bridgeland any two such varieties are derived equivalent. Furthermore there exist pairs of categories of perverse coherent sheaves on both sides which are swapped by this equivalence. Using the theory developed by Joyce we construct the motivic Hall algebras of these categories. These algebras provide a bridge relating the invariants on both sides of the flop.
We prove the crepant resolution conjecture for Donaldson-Thomas invariants of hard Lefschetz CY3 orbifolds, formulated by Bryan-Cadman-Young, interpreting the statement as an equality of rational functions. In order to do so, we show that the generating series of stable pair invariants on any CY3 orbifold is the expansion of a rational function. As a corollary, we deduce a symmetry of this function induced by the derived dualising functor. Our methods also yield a proof of the orbifold DT/PT correspondence for multi-regular curve classes on hard Lefschetz CY3 orbifolds.
This is a survey article on Hall algebras and their applications to the study of motivic invariants of moduli spaces of coherent sheaves on Calabi-Yau threefolds. It is a write-up of my talks at the 2015 Salt Lake City AMS Summer Research Institute and will appear in the Proceedings. The ideas presented here are mostly due to Joyce, Kontsevich, Reineke, Soibelman and Toda.
We show that the moduli stacks of Bridgeland semistable objects on smooth projective 3-folds are proper algebraic stacks of finite type, if they satisfy the Bogomolov-Gieseker (BG for short) inequality conjecture proposed by Bayer, Macrì and the second author. The key ingredients are the equivalent form of the BG inequality conjecture and its generalization to arbitrary very weak stability conditions. This result is applied to define Donaldson-Thomas invariants counting Bridgeland semistable objects on smooth projective Calabi-Yau 3-folds satisfying the BG inequality conjecture, for example on…
We show that there is a perverse sheaf on a fine moduli space of stable sheaves on a smooth projective Calabi-Yau 3-fold, which is locally the perverse sheaf of vanishing cycles for a local Chern-Simons functional, possibly after taking an etale Galois cover. This perverse sheaf lifts to a mixed Hodge module and gives us a cohomology theory which enables us to define the Gopakumar-Vafa invariants mathematically.
This review gives an introduction to cohomological Donaldson-Thomas theory: the study of a cohomology theory on moduli spaces of sheaves on Calabi-Yau threefolds, and of complexes in 3-Calabi-Yau categories, categorifying their numerical DT invariant. Local and global aspects of the theory are both covered, including representations of quivers with potential. We will discuss the construction of the DT sheaf, a nontrivial topological coefficient system on such a moduli space, along with some cohomology computations. The Cohomological Hall Algebra, an algebra structure on cohomological DT spaces…
For an arbitrary integer $r\geq 1$, we compute $r$-framed motivic PT and DT invariants of small crepant resolutions of toric Calabi-Yau $3$-folds, establishing a "higher rank" version of the motivic DT/PT wall-crossing formula. This generalises the work of Morrison and Nagao. Our formulae, in particular their relationship with the $r=1$ theory, fit nicely in the current development of higher rank refined DT invariants.
For oriented $-1$-shifted symplectic derived Artin stacks, Ben-Bassat-Brav-Bussi-Joyce introduced certain perverse sheaves on them which can be regarded as sheaf theoretic categorifications of the Donaldson-Thomas invariants. In this paper, we prove that the hypercohomology of the above perverse sheaf on the $-1$-shifted cotangent stack over a quasi-smooth derived Artin stack is isomorphic to the Borel-Moore homology of the base stack up to a certain shift of degree. This is a global version of the dimensional reduction theorem due to Davison. We give two applications of our main theorem. Firs…
We study certain DT invariants arising from stable coherent sheaves in a nonsingular projective threefold supported on the members of a linear system of a fixed line bundle. When the canonical bundle of the threefold satisfies certain positivity conditions, we relate the DT invariants to Carlsson-Okounkov formulas for the "twisted Euler's number" of the punctual Hilbert schemes of nonsingular surfaces, and conclude they have a modular property.
We present a new tool for the calculation of Denef and Loeser's motivic nearby fiber and motivic Milnor fiber: a motivic Fubini theorem for the tropicalization map, based on Hrushovski and Kazhdan's theory of motivic volumes of semi-algebraic sets. As applications, we prove a conjecture of Davison and Meinhardt on motivic nearby fibers of weighted homogeneous polynomials, and give a very short and conceptual new proof of the integral identity conjecture of Kontsevich and Soibelman, first proved by Lê Quy Thuong. Both of these conjectures emerged in the context of motivic Donaldson-Thomas theor…
Let $(X,\mathcal{O}_X(1))$ be a polarized smooth projective variety over the complex numbers. Fix $\mathcal{D}\in \mathrm{coh}(X)$ and a nonnegative rational polynomial $δ$. Using GIT we contruct a coarse moduli space for $δ$-semistable pairs $(\mathcal{E},ϕ)$ consisting of a coherent sheaf $\mathcal{E}$ and a homomorphism $ϕ\colon \mathcal{D}\rightarrow \mathcal{E}$. We prove a chamber structure result and establish a connection to the moduli space of coherent systems constructed by Le Potier in \cite{LeP} and \cite{LeP2}.
We prove a comparison formula for curve-counting invariants in the setting of the McKay correspondence, related to the crepant resolution conjecture for Donaldson-Thomas invariants. The conjecture is concerned with comparing the invariants of a (hard Lefschetz) Calabi-Yau orbifold of dimension three with those of a specific crepant resolution of its coarse moduli space. We prove the conjecture for point classes and give a conditional proof for general curve classes. We also prove a variant of the formula for curve classes. Along the way we identify the image of the standard heart of the orbifo…
We compute Gromov-Witten (GW) and Donaldson-Thomas (DT) invariants (and also descendant invariants) for local CY 4-folds over Fano 3-folds, V_5 and V_22 up to degree 3. We use torus localization for GW invariants computation, and use classical results for Hilbert schemes on V_5 and V_22 for DT invariants computation. From these computations, one can check correspondence between DT and Gopakumar-Vafa (GV) invariants conjectured by Cao-Maulik-Toda in genus 0. Also we can compute genus 1 GV invariants via the conjecture of Cao-Toda, which turned out to be 0. These fit into the fact that there are…
We derive a combinatorial formula for quantized Donaldson-Thomas invariants of the m-loop quiver. Our main tools are the combinatorics of noncommutative Hilbert schemes and a degenerate version of the Cohomological Hall algebra of this quiver.
Given a complex 4-fold $X$ with an (Calabi-Yau 3-fold) anti-canonical divisor $Y$, we study relative Donaldson-Thomas invariants for this pair, which are elements in the Donaldson-Thomas cohomologies of $Y$. We also discuss gluing formulas which relate relative invariants and $DT_{4}$ invariants for Calabi-Yau 4-folds.
This paper is a continuation of author's previous work arXiv:1911.07949, where we defined Donaldson-Thomas invariants of quantum Fermat threefolds. In this paper, we study the generic quantum Fermat threefold. We give explicit local models for Hilbert schemes of points as quivers with potential, and compute degree zero Donaldson-Thomas invariants. The result is expressed in terms of certain colored plane partitions.
Let $X$ be a complex four-dimensional compact Calabi-Yau manifold equipped with a Kähler form $ω$ and a holomorphic four-form $Ω$. Under certain assumptions, we define Donaldson-Thomas type deformation invariants by studying the moduli space of the solutions of Donaldson-Thomas equations on the given Calabi-Yau manifold. We also study sheaves counting on local Calabi-Yau four-folds. We relate the sheaves countings over $K_{Y}$ with the Donaldson-Thomas invariants for the associated compact three-fold $Y$. In some very special cases, we prove the DT/GW correspondence for $X$. Finally, we comput…
We derive some combinatorial consequences from the positivity of Donaldson-Thomas invariants for symmetric quivers conjectured by Kontsevich and Soibelman and proved recently by Efimov. These results are used to prove the Kac conjecture for quivers having at least one loop at every vertex.
We compute motivic Donaldson-Thomas invariants for crepant resolutions of quotients of affine three-space by even dihedral groups in terms of an affine type D root system, using double dimensional reduction and the representation theory of affine type D quivers.
We study motivic Donaldson-Thomas invariants for a class of quivers with potentials using the strategy of Behrend, Bryan, and Szendroi. This class includes quivers with potentials arising from consistent brane tilings and quivers with zero potential. Our construction is an alternative to the constructions of Kontsevich and Soibelman. We construct an integration map from the equivariant Hall algebra to the quantum torus and show that our motivic Donaldson-Thomas invariants are images of the natural elements in the equivariant Hall algebra. We show that the inegration map is an algebra homomorph…
Donaldson-Thomas invariant is expressed as the weighted Euler characteristic of the so-called Behrend (constructible) function. In \cite{Behrend} Behrend introduced a DT-type invariant for a morphism. Motivated by this invariant, we extend the motivic Hirzebruch class to naive Donaldson-Thomas type analogues. We also discuss a categorification of the DT-type invariant for a morphism from a bivariant-theoretic viewpoint, and we finally pose some related questions for further investigations.
We study a class of Riemann-Hilbert problems arising naturally in Donaldson-Thomas theory. In certain special cases we show that these problems have unique solutions which can be written explicitly as products of gamma functions. We briefly explain connections with Gromov-Witten theory and exact WKB analysis.
Gromov-Witten, Gopakumar-Vafa, and Donaldson-Thomas invariants of Calabi-Yau threefolds are compared. In certain situations, the Donaldson-Thomas invariants are very easy to handle, sometimes easier than the other invariants. This point is illustrated in several ways, especially by revisiting computations of Gopakumar-Vafa invariants by Katz, Klemm, and Vafa in a rigorous mathematical framework. This note is based on my talk at the 2004 Snowbird Conference on String Geometry.
A system of functional equations relating the Euler characteristics of moduli spaces of stable representations of quivers and the Euler characteristics of (Hilbert scheme-type) framed versions of quiver moduli is derived. This is applied to wall-crossing formulas for the Donaldson-Thomas type invariants of M. Kontsevich and Y. Soibelman, in particular confirming their integrality.
We provide a transformation formula of non-commutative Donaldson-Thomas invariants under a composition of mutations. Consequently, we get a description of a composition of cluster transformations in terms of quiver Grassmannians. As an application, we give an alternative proof of Fomin-Zelevinsky's conjectures on $F$-polynomials and $g$-vectors.
