The fundamental groups of subsets of closed surfaces inject into their first shape groups

Closed subsets in Bishop topological groups

We introduce the notion of a Bishop topological group i.e., a group X equipped with a Bishop topology of functions F such that the group operations of X are Bishop morphisms with respect to F. A closed subset in the neighborhood structure of X induced by its Bishop topology F is defined in a positive way i.e., not as the complement of an open subset in X. The corresponding closure operator, although it is not topological, in the classical sense, does not involve sequences. As countable choice (CC) is avoided, and in agreement with Richman's critique on the use of CC in constructive mathematics…

Injections of mapping class groups

We construct new monomorphisms between mapping class groups of surfaces. The first family of examples injects the mapping class group of a closed surface into that of a different closed surface. The second family of examples are defined on mapping class groups of once-punctured surfaces and have quite curious behaviour. For instance, some pseudo-Anosov elements are mapped to multi-twists. Neither of these two types of phenomena were previously known to be possible although the constructions are elementary.

The groups $S^3$ and $SO(3)$ have no invariant binary $k$-network

A family $\mathcal N$ of closed subsets of a topological space $X$ is called a {\em closed $k$-network} if for each open set $U\subset X$ and a compact subset $K\subset U$ there is a finite subfamily $\mathcal F\subset\mathcal N$ with $K\subset\bigcup\F\subset \mathcal N$. A compact space $X$ is called {\em supercompact} if it admits a closed $k$-network $\mathcal N$ which is {\em binary} in the sense that each linked subfamily $\mathcal L\subset\mathcal N$ is centered. A closed $k$-network $\mathcal N$ in a topological group $G$ is {\em invariant} if $xAy\in\mathcal N$ for each $A\in\mathcal …

交换群中闭合于加法或减法的子集

Subsets of abelian groups closed under addition or subtraction

本文研究了交换群中闭合于加法或减法的子集，发现其结构为至多两个元素或无限集{rk}，并探讨了非交换群的类似问题。

A non-polybounded absolutely closed $36$-Shelah group

For every infinite cardinal $κ$ with $κ^+=2^κ$ we construct a group $G$ of cardinality $|G|=κ^+$ such that (i) $G$ is $36$-Shelah, which means that $A^{36}=G$ for any subset $A\subseteq G$ of cardinality $|A|=|G|$; (ii) $G$ is absolutely $\mathsf{T_{\!1}S}$-closed and projectively $\mathsf{T_{\!1}S}$-discrete, which means that for every homomorphism $h:G\to Y$ to a $T_1$ topological semigroup $Y$ the image $h[G]$ is a closed discrete subspace of $Y$, (iii) $G$ cannot be covered by finitely many algebraic subsets, i.e., subsets of the form $\{x\in G:xc_1xc_2\cdots xc_n=e\}$ for some $c_1,c_2,\c…

Ternary rings of operators arising from inverse semigroups

We are interested in properties, especially injectivity (in the sense of category theory), of the ternary rings of operators generated by certain subsets of an inverse semigroup via the regular representation. We determine all subsets of the extended bicyclic semigroup which are closed under the triple product $xy^*z$ (called semiheaps) and show that the weakly closed ternary rings of operators generated by them (W*-TROs) are injective operator spaces.

Weak Forms of the Ehrenpreis Conjecture and the Surface Subgroup Conjecture

We prove the following: 1. Let epsilon>0 and let S_1,S_2 be two closed hyperbolic surfaces. Then there exists locally-isometric covers S'_i of S_i (for i=1,2) such that there is a (1+ε) bi-Lipschitz homeomorphism between S'_1 and S'_2 and both covers S'_i have bounded injectivity radius. 2. Let M be a closed hyperbolic 3-manifold. Then there exists a map j: S -> M where S is a surface of bounded injectivity radius and j is a pi_1-injective local isometry onto its image.

Generating countable groups by discrete subsets

Every countable topological group $G$ has a closed discrete subset $A$ such that $G=AA^{-1}.$