We derive asymptotic formulas for the Lyapunov exponent of almost all monotone Boolean networks. The formulas are different depending on whether the number of variables of the constituent Boolean functions, or equivalently, the connectivity of the Boolean network, is even or odd.
We present a few algorithms and methods to count fixes of permutations acting on monotone Boolean functions. Some of these methods was used by Pawelski \cite{P} to compute the number of inequivalent monotone Boolean functions with 8 variables.
In this paper, the author presents algorithms that allow determining the number of fixed points in permutations of a set of monotone Boolean functions. Then, using Burnside's lemma, the author determines the number of inequivalent monotone Boolean functions of 8 variables. The number obtained is 1,392,195,548,889,993,358.
Recently, Keller and Pilpel conjectured that the influence of a monotone Boolean function does not decrease if we apply to it an invertible linear transformation. Our aim in this short note is to prove this conjecture.
The study of partial clones on $\mathbf{2}:=\{0,1\}$ was initiated by R. V. Freivald. In his fundamental paper published in 1966, Freivald showed, among other things, that the set of all monotone partial functions and the set of all self-dual partial functions are both maximal partial clones on $\mathbf{2}$. Several papers dealing with intersections of maximal partial clones on $\mathbf{2}$ have appeared after Freivald work. It is known that there are infinitely many partial clones that contain the set of all monotone self-dual partial functions on $\mathbf{2}$, and the problem of describing t…
We propose local versions of monotonicity for Boolean and pseudo-Boolean functions: say that a pseudo-Boolean (Boolean) function is p-locally monotone if none of its partial derivatives changes in sign on tuples which differ in less than p positions. As it turns out, this parameterized notion provides a hierarchy of monotonicities for pseudo-Boolean (Boolean) functions. Local monotonicities are shown to be tightly related to lattice counterparts of classical partial derivatives via the notion of permutable derivatives. More precisely, p-locally monotone functions are shown to have p-permutable…
We prove that the fully asynchronous dynamics of a Boolean network $f:\{0,1\}^n\to\{0,1\}^n$ without negative loop can be simulated, in a very specific way, by a monotone Boolean network with $2n$ components. We then use this result to prove that, for every even $n$, there exists a monotone Boolean network $f:\{0,1\}^n\to\{0,1\}^n$, an initial configuration $x$ and a fixed point $y$ of $f$ such that: (i) $y$ can be reached from $x$ with a fully asynchronous updating strategy, and (ii) all such strategies contains at least $2^{\frac{n}{2}}$ updates. This contrasts with the following known prope…
Monotone Boolean functions (MBFs) are Boolean functions $f: {0,1}^n \rightarrow {0,1}$ satisfying the monotonicity condition $x \leq y \Rightarrow f(x) \leq f(y)$ for any $x,y \in {0,1}^n$. The number of MBFs in n variables is known as the $n$th Dedekind number. It is a longstanding computational challenge to determine these numbers exactly - these values are only known for $n$ at most 8. Two monotone Boolean functions are inequivalent if one can be obtained from the other by renaming the variables. The number of inequivalent MBFs in $n$ variables was known only for up to $n = 6$. In this pape…
The theory of cumulants is revisited in the "Rota way", that is, by following a combinatorial Hopf algebra approach. Monotone, free, and boolean cumulants are considered as infinitesimal characters over a particular combinatorial Hopf algebra. The latter is neither commutative nor cocommutative, and has an underlying unshuffle bialgebra structure which gives rise to a shuffle product on its graded dual. The moment-cumulant relations are encoded in terms of shuffle and half-shuffle exponentials. It is then shown how to express concisely monotone, free, and boolean cumulants in terms of each oth…
The 93 minions of Boolean functions stable under left composition with the clone of self-dual monotone functions are described. As an easy consequence, all $(C_1,C_2)$-stable classes of Boolean functions are determined for an arbitrary clone $C_1$ and for any clone $C_2$ containing the clone of self-dual monotone functions.
Consider a monotone Boolean function $f:\{0,1\}^n\to\{0,1\}$ and the canonical monotone coupling $\{η_p:p\in[0,1]\}$ of an element in $\{0,1\}^n$ chosen according to product measure with intensity $p\in[0,1]$. The random point $p\in[0,1]$ where $f(η_p)$ flips from $0$ to $1$ is often concentrated near a particular point, thus exhibiting a threshold phenomenon. For a sequence of such Boolean functions, we peer closely into this threshold window and consider, for large $n$, the limiting distribution (properly normalized to be nondegenerate) of this random point where the Boolean function switche…
A key fact in the theory of Boolean functions $f : \{0,1\}^n \to \{0,1\}$ is that they often undergo sharp thresholds. For example: if the function $f : \{0,1\}^n \to \{0,1\}$ is monotone and symmetric under a transitive action with $\E_p[f] = \eps$ and $\E_q[f] = 1-\eps$ then $q-p \to 0$ as $n \to \infty$. Here $\E_p$ denotes the product probability measure on $\{0,1\}^n$ where each coordinate takes the value $1$ independently with probability $p$. The fact that symmetric functions undergo sharp thresholds is important in the study of random graphs and constraint satisfaction problems as well…
Compounding submodular monotone (i.e. 2-alternating) set functions on a finite set preserves this property, as shown in 2010. A natural generalization to k-alternating functions was presented in 2018, however hardly readable because of page long formulas. We give an easier proof of a more general result, exploiting known properties of higher order monotonic functions.
The asynchronous automaton associated with a Boolean network $f:\{0,1\}^n\to\{0,1\}^n$ is considered in many applications. It is the finite deterministic automaton with set of states $\{0,1\}^n$, alphabet $\{1,\dots,n\}$, where the action of letter $i$ on a state $x$ consists in either switching the $i$th component if $f_i(x)\neq x_i$ or doing nothing otherwise. This action is extended to words in the natural way. We then say that a word $w$ fixes $f$ if, for all states $x$, the result of the action of $w$ on $x$ is a fixed point of $f$. In this paper, we ask for the existence of fixing words,…
A Boolean function $f:\{0,1\}^n \mapsto \{0,1\}$ is said to be $\eps$-far from monotone if $f$ needs to be modified in at least $\eps$-fraction of the points to make it monotone. We design a randomized tester that is given oracle access to $f$ and an input parameter $\eps>0$, and has the following guarantee: It outputs {\sf Yes} if the function is monotonically non-decreasing, and outputs {\sf No} with probability $>2/3$, if the function is $\eps$-far from monotone. This non-adaptive, one-sided tester makes $O(n^{7/8}\eps^{-3/2}\ln(1/\eps))$ queries to the oracle.
We establish monotone bijections between subsequences of the Farey sequences and the halfsequences of Farey subsequences associated with elements of the Boolean lattices.
We establish monotone bijections between the Farey sequences of order m and the halfsequences of Farey subsequences associated with the rank m elements of the Boolean lattice of subsets of a 2m-set. We also present a few related combinatorial identities.
The asynchronous dynamics associated with a Boolean network $f : \{0,1\}^n \to \{0,1\}^n$ is a finite deterministic automaton considered in many applications. The set of states is $\{0,1\}^n$, the alphabet is $[n]$, and the action of letter $i$ on a state $x$ consists in either switching the $i$th component if $f_i(x)\neq x_i$ or doing nothing otherwise. This action is extended to words in the natural way. We then say that a word $w$ {\em fixes} $f$ if, for all states $x$, the result of the action of $w$ on $x$ is a fixed point of $f$. A whole family of networks is fixable if its members are a…
Given a digraph $G$, a lot of attention has been deserved on the maximum number $ϕ(G)$ of fixed points in a Boolean network $f:\{0,1\}^n\to\{0,1\}^n$ with $G$ as interaction graph. In particular, a central problem in network coding consists in studying the optimality of the classical upper bound $ϕ(G)\leq 2^τ$, where $τ$ is the minimum size of a feedback vertex set of $G$. In this paper, we study the maximum number $ϕ_m(G)$ of fixed points in a {\em monotone} Boolean network with interaction graph $G$. We establish new upper and lower bounds on $ϕ_m(G)$ that depends on the cycle structure of $…
Unlike classical and free independence, the boolean and monotone notions of independence lack of the property of independent constants. In the scalar case, this leads to restrictions for the central limit theorems, as observed by F. Oravecz. We characterize the property of independent constants from a combinatorial point of view, based on cumulants and set partitions. This characterization also holds for the operator-valued extension. Our considerations lead rather directly to very mild variations of boolean and monotone cumulants, where constants are now independent. These alternative probabi…
We show improved monotonicity testers for the Boolean hypercube under the $p$-biased measure, as well as over the hypergrid $[m]^n$. Our results are: 1. For any $p\in (0,1)$, for the $p$-biased hypercube we show a non-adaptive tester that makes $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{n}/\varepsilon^2)$ queries, accepts monotone functions with probability $1$ and rejects functions that are $\varepsilon$-far from monotone with probability at least $2/3$. 2. For all $m\in\mathbb{N}$, we show an $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{n}m^3/\varepsilon^2)$ query monotonicity tester over $[m]^n$. We also establish corresponding directed isoper…
In this paper we introduce a method which allows us to study properties of the random uniform simplicial complex. That is, we assign equal probability to all simplicial complexes with a given number of vertices and then consider properties of a complex under this measure. We are able to determine or present bounds for a number of topological and combinatorial properties. We also study the random pure simplicial complex of dimension $d$, generated by letting any subset of size $d+1$ of a set of $n$ vertices be a facet with probability $p$ and considering the simplicial complex generated by thes…
Division of Science, NYU Abu Dhabi(纽约大学阿布扎比分校科学系);Center for Interdisciplinary Data Science and AI, NYUAD Research Institute(NYUAD研究院跨学科数据科学与人工智能中心);Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University(纽约大学库朗数学科学研究所)
We express classical, free, Boolean and monotone cumulants in terms of each other, using combinatorics of heaps, pyramids, Tutte polynomials and permutations. We completely determine the coefficients of these formulas with the exception of the formula for classical cumulants in terms of monotone cumulants whose coefficients are only partially computed.