We associate to every equicharacteristic zero Noetherian local ring $R$ a faithfully flat ring extension which is an ultraproduct of rings of various prime characteristics, in a weakly functorial way. Since such ultraproducts carry naturally a non-standard Frobenius, we can define a new tight closure operation on $R$ by mimicking the positive characteristic functional definition of tight closure. This approach avoids the use of generalized Néron Desingularization and only relies on Rotthaus' result on Artin Approximation in characteristic zero. If $R$ is moreover equidimensional and universally catenary, then we can also associate to it in a canonical, weakly functorial way a balanced big Cohen-Macaulay algebra.
In this paper, we show that almost Cohen-Macaulay algebras are solid and in this respect, we seek for some special situation when (a) an almost Cohen-Macaulay algebra will be phantom extension and (b) when it maps into a balanced big Cohen-Macaulay module.
We provide the regularity and the Cohen-Macaulay type of binomial edge ideals of Cohen-Macaulay cones, and we show the extremal Betti numbers of some classes of Cohen-Macaulay binomial edge ideals: Cohen-Macaulay bipartite and fan graphs. In addition, we compute the Hilbert-Poincaré series of the binomial edge ideals of some Cohen-Macaulay bipartite graphs.
In this paper we present characterizations of sequentially Cohen-Macaulay modules in terms of systems of parameters, which are generalizations of well-known results on Cohen-Macaulay and generalized Cohen-Macaulay modules. The sequentially Cohen-Macaulayness of Stanley-Reisner rings of small embedding dimension are also examined.
In this paper, we introduce and study the notion of linkage by perfect modules, which we call perfect linkage, for Cohen-Macaulay modules over Cohen--Macaulay local rings. We explore perfect linkage in connection with syzygies, maximal Cohen-Macaulay approximations and Yoshino-Isogawa linkage. We recover a theorem of Yoshino and Isogawa, and analyze the structure of double perfect linkage. Moreover, we establish a criterion for two Cohen-Macaulay modules of codimension one to be perfectly linked, and apply it to the classical linkage theory for ideals. We also construct various examples of lin…
Let $A$ be a direct limit of a direct system of Cohen-Macaulay rings. In this paper, we describe the Cohen-Macaulay property of $A$. Our results indicate that $A$ is not necessarily Cohen-Macaulay. We show $A$ is Cohen-Macaulay under various assumptions. As an application, we study Cohen-Macaulayness of non-affine normal semigroup rings.
In \cite{AB}, the dagger closure is extended over finitely generated modules over Noetherian local domain $(R,\fm)$ and it is proved to be a Dietz closure. In this short note we show that it also satisfies the `Algebra axiom' of \cite{R.G} and this leads to the following result of this paper: For a complete Noetherian local domain, if it is contained in an almost Cohen-Macaulay domain, then there exists a balanced big Cohen-Macaulay algebra over it.
We study syzygies of (maximal) Cohen-Macaulay modules over one dimensional Cohen-Macaulay local rings. We compare these modules to Cohen-Macaulay modules over the endomorphism ring of the maximal ideal. After this comparison, we give several characterizations of almost Gorenstein rings in terms of syzygies of Cohen-Macaulay modules.
In this paper, we give a characterization of co-Cohen Macaulay modules by vanishing properties of the dual Bass numbers of modules. In addition, we show that the co-localization of co-Cohen Macaulay modules preserves co-Cohen Macaulayness under a certain condition.
We calculate the Krull--Gabriel dimension of the functor category of the (stable) category of maximal Cohen--Macaulay modules over hypersurfaces of countable Cohen--Macaulay representation type. We show that the Krull--Gabriel dimension is $0$ if the hypersurface is of finite Cohen--Macaulay representation type and that is $2$ if the hypersurface is of countable but not finite Cohen--Macaulay representation type.
We characterize Cohen-Macaulay and Gorenstein rings obtained from certain types of convex body semigroups. Algorithmic methods to check if a polygonal or circle semigroup is Cohen-Macaulay/Gorenstein are given. We also provide some families of Cohen-Macaulay and Gorenstein rings.
We introduce new homological dimensions, namely the Cohen-Macaulay projective, injective and flat dimensions for homologically bounded complexes. Among other things we show that (a) these invariants characterize the Cohen-Macaulay property for local rings, (b) Cohen-Macaulay flat dimension fits between the Gorenstein flat dimension and the large restricted flat dimension, and (c) Cohen-Macaulay injective dimension fits between the Gorenstein injective dimension and the Chouinard invariant.
The Cohen-Macaulay property of a graph arising from a poset has been studied by various authors. In this article, we study the Cohen-Macaulay property of a graph arising from a family of reflexive and antisymmetric relations on a set. We use this result to find classes of multipartite graphs which are Cohen-Macaulay.
We study properties of a poset generating a Cohen-Macaulay algebra with straightening laws (ASL for short). We show that if a poset $P$ generates a Cohen-Macaulay ASL, then $P$ is pure and, if $P$ is moreover Buchsbaum, then $P$ is Cohen-Macaulay. Some results concerning a Rees algebra of an ASL defined by a straightening closed ideal are also established. And it is shown that if $P$ is a Cohen-Macaulay poset with unique minimal element and $Q$ is a poset ideal of $P$, then $P\uplus Q$ is also Cohen-Macaulay.
The third named author and Pérez proved that under certain conditions the test ideal of a module closure agrees with the trace ideal of the module closure. We use this fact to compute the test ideals of various rings with respect to the closures coming from their indecomposable maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules. We also give an easier way to compute the test ideal of a hypersurface ring in 3 variables coming from a module with a particular type of matrix factorization.
A finitely generated module $M$ over a commutative Noetherian ring $R$ is called an $I$-Cohen Macaulay module, if \[ \grade(I,M) + \dim(M/IM)= \dim(M), \] where $I$ is a proper ideal of $R$. The aim of this paper is to study the structure of this class of modules. It is discovered that $I$-Cohen Macaulay modules enjoy many interesting properties which are analogous to those of Cohen Macaulay modules. Also, various characterizations of $I$-Cohen Macaulay modules are presented here.
In this paper we show a partial answer the a question of C. Huneke and G. Leuschke (2003): Let R be a standard graded Cohen-Macaulay ring of graded countable Cohen-Macaulay representation type, and assume that R has an isolated singularity. Is R then necessarily of graded finite Cohen-Macaulay representation type? In particular, this question has an affirmative answer for standard graded non-Gorenstein rings as well as for standard graded Gorenstein rings of minimal multiplicity. Along the way, we obtain a partial classification of graded Cohen-Macaulay rings of graded countable Cohen-Macaulay…
We define three new homological dimensions - Cohen-Macaulay injective, projective, and flat dimension - which inhabit a theory similar to that of classical injective, projective, and flat dimension. Finiteness of the new dimensions characterizes Cohen-Macaulay rings with dualizing modules.
We investigate the presence of Cohen-Macaulay ideals in invariant rings and show that an ideal of an invariant ring corresponding to a modular representation of a $p$-group is not Cohen-Macaulay unless the invariant ring itself is. As an intermediate result, we obtain that non-Cohen-Macaulay factorial rings cannot contain Cohen-Macaulay ideals. For modular cyclic groups of prime order, we show that the quotient of the invariant ring modulo the transfer ideal is always Cohen-Macaulay, extending a result of Fleischmann.
Let $(A,\mathfrak{m})$ be a Henselian Cohen-Macaulay local ring and let CM(A) be the category of maximal Cohen-Macaulay $A$-modules. We construct $T \colon CM(A)\times CM(A) \rightarrow mod(A)$, a subfunctor of $Ext^1_A(-, -)$ and use it to study properties of associated graded modules over $G(A) = \bigoplus_{n\geq 0} \mathfrak{m}^n/\mathfrak{m}^{n+1}$, the associated graded ring of $A$. As an application we give several examples of complete Cohen-Macaulay local rings $A$ with $G(A)$ Cohen-Macaulay and having distinct indecomposable maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules $M_n$ with $G(M_n)$ Cohen-Maca…
Let $R$ be a Cohen-Macaulay local ring, $I$ a strongly Cohen-Macaulay ideal of $R$. We show that $R/{\rm Ann}_R(I)$ is a maximal Cohen-Macaulay $R$-module by means of the delta-invariant. Also it is shown that there exists a Cohen-Macaulay ideal $J$ of $R$ such that the $δ_{R/J}$-invariant of all Koszul homologies of $R$ with respect $I$ is zero.
We define what it means for a Cohen-Macaulay ring to to be super-stretched and show that Cohen-Macaulay rings of graded countable Cohen-Macaulay type are super-stretched. We use this result to show that rings of graded countable Cohen-Macaulay type, and positive dimension, have possible h-vectors (1), (1,n), or (1,n,1). Further, one dimensional standard graded Gorenstein rings of graded countable type are shown to be hypersurfaces; this result is not known in higher dimensions. In the non-Gorenstein case, rings of graded countable Cohen-Macaulay type of dimension larger than 2 are shown to be …
Recently, G. Floystad studied "higher Cohen-Macaulay property" of certain finite regular cell complexes. In this paper, we partially extend his results to squarefree modules, toric face rings, and simplicial posets. For example, we show that if (the corresponding cell complex of) a simplicial poset is $l$-Cohen-Macaulay then its codimension one skeleton is $(l+1)$-Cohen-Macaulay.
Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring, a a proper ideal of R and M a finite R-module. It is shown that, if (R;m) is a complete local ring, then under certain conditions a contains a regular element on DR(Hc a(M)), where c = cd(a;M). A non-zerodivisor characterization of relative Cohen-Macaulay modules w.r.t a is given. We introduce the concept of relative Cohen-Macaulay filtered modules w.r.t a and study some basic properties of such modules. In paticular, we provide a non-zerodivisor characterization of relative Cohen-Macaulay filtered modules w.r.t a. Furthermore, a characterization of coho…
In this note, we study the Cohen-Macaulayness of non-Noetherian rings. We show that Hochster's celebrated theorem that a finitely generated normal semigroup ring is Cohen-Macaulay does not extend to non-Noetherian rings. We also show that for any valuation domain $V$ of finite Krull dimension, $V[x]$ is Cohen-Macaulay in the sense of Hamilton-Marley.
Our goal is to determine when the trivial extensions of commutative rings by modules are Cohen-Macaulay in the sense of Hamilton and Marley. For this purpose, we provide a generalization of the concept of Cohen-Macaulayness of rings to modules.
Let $K$ be a field and $S=K[x_1,\ldots,x_m, y_1,\ldots,y_n]$ be the standard bigraded polynomial ring over $K$. In this paper, we explicitly describe the structure of finitely generated bigraded "sequentially Cohen--Macaulay" $S$-modules with respect to $Q=(y_1,\ldots,y_n)$. Next, we give a characterization of sequentially Cohen--Macaulay modules with respect to $Q$ in terms of local cohomology modules. Cohen--Macaulay modules that are sequentially Cohen--Macaulay with respect to $Q$ are considered.
We prove that sequentially Cohen-Macaulay rings in positive characteristic, as well as sequentially Cohen-Macaulay Stanley-Reisner rings in any characteristic, have trivial Lyubeznik table. Some other configurations of Lyubeznik tables are also provided depending on the deficiency modules of the ring.
We prove (the excellent case of) Schreyer's conjecture that a local ring with countable Cohen--Macaulay type has at most a one-dimensional singular locus. Furthermore we prove that the localization of a Cohen-Macaulay local ring of countable CM type is again of countable CM type.
We prove that for m > 2, the m-th symbolic power of a Stanley-Reisner ideal is Cohen-Macaulay if and only if the simplicial complex is a matroid. Similarly, the m-th ordinary power is Cohen-Macaulay for some m > 2 if and only if the complex is a complete intersection. These results solve several open questions on the Cohen-Macaulayness of ordinary and symbolic powers of Stanley-Reisner ideals. Moreover, they have interesting consequences on the Cohen-Macaulayness of symbolic powers of facet ideals and cover ideals.
In this paper we give a bountiful number of examples of two dimensional mixed characteristic rings of finite Cohen Macaulay type. For a large sub-class of these examples we give a complete description of its indecomposable maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules and we also compute its AR-quiver.
We give suffcient conditions for a standard graded Cohen-Macaulay ring, or equivalently, an arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay projective variety, to be Cohen-Macaulay wild in the sense of representation theory. In particular, these conditions are applied to hypersurfaces and complete intersections.
In this paper, we study the two different topics related to sequentially Cohen-Macaulay modules. The questions are when the sequentially Cohen-Macaulay property preserve the localization and the module-finite extension of rings.
The Cohen-Macaulay type of idealizations of maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules over Cohen-Macaulay local rings is explored. There are two extremal cases, one of which is closely related to the theory of Ulrich modules \cite{BHU, GOTWY1, GOTWY2, GTT2}, and the other one is closely related to the theory of residually faithful modules and the theory of closed ideals \cite{BV}.
We compute the minimal primary decomposition for completely squarefree lexsegment ideals. We show that critical squarefree monomial ideals are sequentially Cohen-Macaulay. As an application, we give a complete characterization of the completely squarefree lexsegment ideals which are sequentially Cohen-Macaulay and we also derive formulas for some homological invariants of this class of ideals.
Binomial edge ideals IG of a graph G were introduced by [4]. They found some classes of graphs G with the property that IG is a Cohen-Macaulay ideal. This might happen only for few classes of graphs. A certain generalization of being Cohen-Macaulay, named approximately Cohen-Macaulay, was introduced by S. Goto in [3]. We study classes of graphs whose binomial edge ideal are approximately Cohen-Macaulay. Moreover we use some homological methods in order to compute their Hilbert series.
Let $I$ be a monomial ideal of the polynomial ring $S=K[x_1,...,x_4]$ over a field $K$. Then $S/I$ is sequentially Cohen-Macaulay if and only if $S/I$ is pretty clean. In particular, if $S/I$ is sequentially Cohen-Macaulay then $I$ is a Stanley ideal.
We investigate the behavior of Cohen-Macaulay defect undertaking tensor product with a perfect module. Consequently, we study the perfect defect of a module. As an application, we connect to associated prime ideals of tensor products.
This paper shows that Cohen-Macaulay algebras can be algebraically approximated in such a way that their Cohen-Macaulayness and minimal Betti numbers are preserved. This is achieved by showing that finitely generated modules over power series rings can be algebraically approximated in a manner that preserves their diagrams of initial exponents and their minimal Betti numbers. These results are also applied to obtain an approximation result for flat homomorphisms from rings of power series to Cohen-Macaulay algebras.
Let R be a complete local hypersurface over an algebraically closed field of characteristic different from two, and suppose that R has countable Cohen-Macaulay representation type. In this paper, it is proved that the maximal Cohen-Macaulay R-modules which are locally free on the punctured spectrum are dominated by the maximal Cohen-Macaulay R-modules which are not locally free on the punctured spectrum. More precisely, there exists a single R-module X such that the indecomposable maximal Cohen-Macaulay R-modules not locally free on the punctured spectrum are X and its syzygy ΩX and that any o…
Let $M$ be an $R$-module over a Noetherian ring $R$ and $\mathfrak{a}$ be an ideal of $R$ with $c={\rm cd}(\mathfrak{a},M)$. First, we prove that $M$ is finite $\mathfrak{a}$-relative Cohen-Macaulay if and only if ${\rm H}_i(Λ_{\mathfrak{a}}({\rm H}_{\mathfrak{a}}^c(M)))=0$ for all $i\neq c$ and ${\rm H}_c(Λ_{\mathfrak{a}}({\rm H}_{\mathfrak{a}}^c(M))) \cong \widehat{M}^{\mathfrak{a}}$. Next, over an $\mathfrak{a}$-relative Cohen-Macaulay local ring $(R,\mathfrak{m})$, we provide a characterization of $\mathfrak{a}$-relative sequentially Cohen-Macaulay modules $M$ in terms of $\mathfrak{a}$-re…
In this paper we determine the possible Hilbert functions of a Cohen-Macaulay local ring of dimension $d$, multiplicity $e$ and first Hilbert coefficient $e_1$ in the case $e_1 = e + 2$.
This paper shows that if $R$ is a homomorphic image of a Cohen-Macaulay local ring, then $R$-module $M$ is sequentially generalized Cohen-Macaulay if and only if the difference between Hilbert coefficients and arithmetic degrees for all distinguished parameter ideals of $M$ are bounded.
It is shown that a module is sequentially Cohen-Macaulay if and only if the index of reducibility for distinguished parameter ideals are eventually constant with special value. As corollaries to the main theorem we given to characterize the Gorensteinness, Cohen-Macaulayness of local rings in term of eventually index of reducibility for distinguished parameter ideals.
Over a commutative local Cohen--Macaulay ring, we view and study the category of maximal Cohen--Macaulay modules as a ring with several objects. We compute the global dimension of this category and thereby extend a result of Leuschke to the case where the ring has arbitrary (as opposed to finite) CM-type.
The Cohen-Macaulay locus of any finite module over a noetherian local ring $A$ is studied and it is shown that it is a Zariski-open subset of $\Spec A$ in certain cases. In this connection, the rings whose formal fibres over certain prime ideals are Cohen-Macaulay are studied.
All Cohen--Macaulay polymatroidal ideals are classified. The Cohen--Macaulay polymatroidal ideals are precisely the principal ideals, the Veronese ideals, and the squarefree Veronese ideals.
We establish a uniform bound for the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of associated graded rings of parameter ideals in a generalized Cohen-Macaulay ring. As consequences, we obtain uniform bounds for the relation type and the postulation number. Moreover, we show that generalized Cohen-Macaulay rings can be characterized by the existence of such uniform bounds.
We determine, up to isomorphism, the indecomposable maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules over certain complete one-dimensional local rings of finite Cohen-Macaulay type. We then investigate the direct sum relations of maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules over non-complete rings of finite Cohen-Macaulay type and give a Krull-Schmidt theorem for such rings.
We prove some results on the non-existence of rank one maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules over certain Segre product rings. As an application we show that over these Segre product rings there do not exist maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules with multiplicity less than or equal to the parameter degree of the ring, which disproves a conjecture of Schoutens.
We delve into the properties possessed by algebras, which we have termed seeds, that map to big Cohen-Macaulay algebras. We will show that over a complete local domain of positive characteristic any two big Cohen-Macaulay algebras map to a common big Cohen-Macaulay algebra. We will also strengthen Hochster and Huneke's "weakly functorial" existence result for big Cohen-Macaulay algebras by showing that the seed property is stable under base change between complete local domains of positive characteristic. We also show that every seed over a positive characteristic local ring (R,m) maps to a bi…
Over a Cohen-Macaulay (CM) local ring, we characterize those modules that can be obtained as a direct limit of finitely generated maximal CM modules. We point out two consequences of this characterization: (1) Every balanced big CM module, in the sense of Hochster, can be written as a direct limit of small CM modules. In analogy with Govorov and Lazard's characterization of flat modules as direct limits of finitely generated free modules, one can view this as a "structure theorem" for balanced big CM modules. (2) Every finitely generated module has a preenvelope with respect to the class of fi…
In this paper, we investigate the maximal Cohen-Macaulay property of tensor products of modules, and then give criteria for projectivity of modules in terms of vanishing of Ext modules. One of the applications shows that the Auslander-Reiten conjecture holds for Cohen-Macaulay normal rings.
