A mean value theorem for the square of class number times regulator of quadratic extensions

The large sieve inequality with square moduli for quadratic extensions of function fields

In this paper, we establish a version of the large sieve with square moduli for imaginary quadratic extensions of rational function fields of odd characteristics.

On the sum of two integral squares in quadratic fields $\Q(\sqrt{\pm p})

We propose a method for determining which integers can be written as a sum of two integral squares for quadratic fields $\Q(\sqrt{\pm p})$, where $p$ is a prime.

Sums of squares in real quadratic fields and Hilbert modular groups

We use the spectral theory of Hilbert-Maass forms for real quadratic fields to obtain the asymptotics of some sums involving the number of representations as a sum of two squares in the ring of integers.

Pairs of diagonal quadratic forms and linear correlations among sums of two squares

For suitable pairs of diagonal quadratic forms in 8 variables we use the circle method to investigate the density of simultaneous integer solutions and relate this to the problem of estimating linear correlations among sums of two squares.

Quadratic forms with a strong regularity property on the representations of squares

A (positive definite and non-classic integral) quadratic form is called strongly $s$-regular if it satisfies a strong regularity property on the number of representations of squares of integers. In this article, we prove that for any integer $k \ge 2$, there are only finitely many isometry classes of strongly $s$-regular quadratic forms with rank $k$ if the minimum of the nonzero squares that are represented by them is fixed.

The number of representations of squares by integral ternary quadratic forms

Let $f$ be a positive definite integral ternary quadratic form and let $r(k,f)$ be the number of representations of an integer $k$ by $f$. In this article we study the number of representations of squares by $f$. We say the genus of $f$, denoted by $\text{gen}(f)$, is indistinguishable by squares if for any integer $n$, $r(n^2,f)=r(n^2,f')$ for any quadratic form $f' \in \text{gen}(f)$. We find some non trivial genera of ternary quadratic forms which are indistinguishable by squares. We also give some relation between indistinguishable genera by squares and the conjecture given by Cooper and L…

On the sum of two integral squares in certain quadratic fields

In this note, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for determining which integers can be written as a sum of two integral squares for certain quadratic fields by using the integral Brauer-manin obstruction (see \cite{CTX}). The condition is computable and originally from the reciprocity law.

Syntomic regulators of Asai--Flach classes

In this paper, we derive a formula for the p-adic syntomic regulators of Asai--Flach classes. These are cohomology classes forming an Euler system associated to a Hilbert modular form over a quadratic field, introduced in an earlier paper (arXiv:1607.07813) by Antonio Lei and the first and third authors. The formula we develop here is expressed in terms of differential operators acting on overconvergent Hilbert modular forms; it is analogous to existing formulae for the regulators of Beilinson--Flach classes, but a novel feature is the appearance of a projection operator associated to a critic…

Arithmetic progressions of four squares over quadratic fields

Let d be a squarefree integer. Does there exist four squares in arithmetic progression over Q(sqrt{d})? We shall give a partial answer to this question, depending on the value of d. In the affirmative case, we construct explicit arithmetic progressions consisting of four squares over Q(sqrt{d}).

Mean squares of quadratic twists of the Möbius function

In this paper, we evaluate asymptotically the sum \[ \sum_{d \leq X} \left( \sum_{n \leq Y} μ(n)\leg {8d}{n} \right)^2, \] where $\leg {8d}{n}$ is the Kronecker symbol and $d$ runs over positive, odd, square-free integers.

The number of representations of squares by integral quaternary quadratic forms

Let $f$ be a positive definite (non-classic) integral quaternary quadratic form. We say $f$ is strongly $s$-regular if it satisfies a regularity property on the number of representations of squares of integers. In this article, we prove that there are only finitely many strongly $s$-regular quaternary quadratic forms up to isometry if the minimum of the nonzero squares that are represented by the quadratic form is fixed. Furthermore, we show that there are exactly $34$ strongly $s$-regular diagonal quaternary quadratic forms representing one (see Table $1$). In particular, we use eta-quotients…

An isomorphism between the narrow ideal class group of squared ideals of a quadratic number field and the kernel of a homomorphism between cohomology groups for Pell conics

Two proofs are provided that the narrow ideal class group of squared ideals of a quadratic number field is isomorphic to the kernel of a homomorphism between cohomology groups for Pell conics, Lemmermeyer's obstruction to descent for Pell conics. These proofs make use of a particular subgroup of a Pell conic over algebraic numbers.

On Taking Square Roots without Quadratic Nonresidues over Finite Fields

We present a novel idea to compute square roots over finite fields, without being given any quadratic nonresidue, and without assuming any unproven hypothesis. The algorithm is deterministic and the proof is elementary. In some cases, the square root algorithm runs in $\tilde{O}(\log^2 q)$ bit operations over finite fields with $q$ elements. As an application, we construct a deterministic primality proving algorithm, which runs in $\tilde{O}(\log^3 N)$ for some integers $N$.

Representing multiples of $m$ in real quadratic fields as sums of squares

We study real quadratic fields $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})$ such that, for a given rational integer $m$, all $m$-multiples of totally positive integers are sums of squares. We prove quite sharp necessary and sufficient conditions for this to happen. Further, we give a fast algorithm that solves this question for specific $m$, $D$ and we give complete results for $m \leq 5000$.

实双二次域上整元素整数倍数的平方和

Sums of squares of integer-multiple of an integral element on real bi-quadratic fields

本文在实双二次域中构造全正代数整数，给出其正整数倍不能表示为整数平方和的必要条件，并分两类整数以表格示例验证。

Class Number and Regulator Computation in Purely Cubic Function Fields of Unit Rank Two

We describe and give computational results of a procedure to compute the divisor class number and regulator of most purely cubic function fields of unit rank 2. Our implementation is an improvement to Pollard's Kangaroo method in infrastructures, using distribution results of class numbers as well as information on the congruence class of the divisor class number, and an adaptation that efficiently navigates these torus-shaped infrastructures. Moreover, this is the first time that an efficient "square-root" algorithm has been applied to the infrastructure of a global field of unit rank 2. With…

The Sum of Four Squares Over Real Quadratic Number Fields

Well-known results of Lagrange and Jacobi prove that the every $m \in \mathbb N$ can be expressed as a sum of four integer squares, and the number $r(m)$ of such representations can be given by an explicit formula in $m$. In this paper, we prove that the only real quadratic number field for which the sum of four squares is universal is $\mathbb Q(\sqrt{5})$. We provide explicit formulas for $r(m)$ for $K= \mathbb Q (\sqrt{2})$ and $K= \mathbb Q(\sqrt{5})$. We then consider the theta series of the sum of four squares over any real quadratic number field, providing explicit upper and lower bound…

Five squares in arithmetic progression over quadratic fields

We give several criteria to show over which quadratic number fields Q(sqrt{D}) there should exists a non-constant arithmetic progressions of five squares. This is done by translating the problem to determining when some genus five curves C_D defined over Q have rational points, and then using a Mordell-Weil sieve argument among others. Using a elliptic Chabauty-like method, we prove that the only non-constant arithmetic progressions of five squares over Q(sqrt{409}), up to equivalence, is 7^2, 13^2, 17^2, 409, 23^2. Furthermore, we give an algorithm that allow to construct all the non-constant…

模形式傅里叶系数的二次扭曲的均方

Mean squares of quadratic twists of the Fourier coefficients of modular forms

本文渐近求值了给定模形式傅里叶系数在二次扭曲下的平滑求和版本，涉及Kronecker符号及正奇无平方整数求和。

Sums of integral squares in complex bi-quadratic fields and in CM fields

Let $K$ be a complex bi-quadratic field with ring of integers $\mathcal{O}_{K}$. For $K = \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-m}$, $\sqrt{n}$), where $ m \equiv 3 \pmod 4 $ and $ n \equiv 1 \pmod 4$, we prove that every algebraic integer can be written as sum of integral squares. Using this, we prove that for any complex bi-quadratic field $K$, every element of $4\mathcal{O}_K$ can be written as sum of five integral squares. In addition, we show that the Pythagoras number of ring of integers of any CM field is at most five. Moreover, we give two classes of complex bi-quadratic fields for which $p(\mathcal{O}_{K…

On symmetric square values of quadratic polynomials

We prove that there does not exist a non-square quadratic polynomial with integer coefficients and an axis of symmetry which takes square values for N consecutive integers for N=7 or N >= 9. At the opposite, if N <= 6 or N=8 there are infinitely many.

On representation of an integer as the sum of three squares and the ternary quadratic forms with the discriminants p^2, 16p^2

Let s(n) be the number of representations of n as the sum of three squares. We prove a remarkable new identity for s(p^2n)- ps(n) with p being an odd prime. This identity makes nontrivial use of ternary quadratic forms with discriminants p^2 and 16p^2. These forms are related by Watson's transformations. To prove this identity we employ the Siegel--Weil and the Smith--Minkowski product formulas.

二次剩余在数域二次扩张中的等差数列

Squares in arithmetic progression over quadratic extensions of number fields

本文研究数域二次扩张中二次剩余等差数列的结构，通过代数方法证明了五或六项等差数列的特定形式，并证明了长度超过六的等差数列不存在。

A class number formula for Picard modular surfaces

We investigate arithmetic aspects of the middle degree cohomology of compactified Picard modular surfaces $X$ attached to the unitary similitude group $\mathrm{GU}(2,1)$ for an imaginary quadratic extension $E/\mathbf{Q}$. We construct new Beilinson--Flach classes on $X$ and compute their Archimedean regulator. We obtain a special value formula involving a non-critical $L$-value of the degree six standard $L$-function, a Whittaker period, and the regulator. This provides evidence for Beilinson's conjecture in this setting.