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In this article we obtain the classification of the congruences of lines with one-dimensional focal locus. It turns out that one can restrict to study the case of $\mathbb{P}^3$.
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We study second order focal loci of nondegenerate plane congruences in P4(C) with degenerate focal conic. We show the projective generation of such congruences when the second order focal locus fills a component of the focal conic, improving a result of Corrado Segre
Nondegenerate plane congruences in the four-dimensional complex projective space with degenerate general focal conic are classified by using the focal method due to Corrado Segre.
We make a systematic study of the focal surface of a congruence of lines in the projective space. Using differential techniques together with techniques from intersection theory, we reobtain in particular all the invariants of the focal surface (degree, class, class of its hyperplane section, sectional genus and degrees of the nodal and cuspidal curve). We study in particular the congruences of chords to a smooth curve and the congruences of bitangents or flexes to a smooth surface. We find that they possess unexpected components in their focal surface, and conjecture that they are the only on…
We study congruences of lines $X_ω$ defined by a sufficiently general choice of an alternating 3-form $ω$ in $n+1$ dimensions, as Fano manifolds of index $3$ and dimension $n-1$. These congruences include the $\mathrm{G}_2$-variety for $n=6$ and the variety of reductions of projected $\mathbb{P}^2 \times \mathbb{P}^2$ for $n=7$. We compute the degree of $X_ω$ as the $n$-th Fine number and study the Hilbert scheme of these congruences proving that the choice of $ω$ bijectively corresponds to $X_ω$ except when $n=5$. The fundamental locus of the congruence is also studied together with its singu…
A congruence is a surface in the Grassmannian $\mathrm{Gr}(1,\mathbb{P}^3)$ of lines in projective $3$-space. To a space curve $C$, we associate the Chow hypersurface in $\mathrm{Gr}(1,\mathbb{P}^3)$ consisting of all lines which intersect $C$. We compute the singular locus of this hypersurface, which contains the congruence of all secants to $C$. A surface $S$ in $\mathbb{P}^3$ defines the Hurwitz hypersurface in $\mathrm{Gr}(1,\mathbb{P}^3)$ of all lines which are tangent to $S$. We show that its singular locus has two components for general enough $S$: the congruence of bitangents and the c…
We prove the congruence relation for the mod-p reduction of Shimura varieties associated to a unitary similitude group GU(n-1,1), when p is inert and n odd. When n is even, this result was obtained by T. Wedhorn and O. Bültel using the density of the ordinary locus in the p-isogeny space. This condition fails in our case. A key element is the understanding of the supersingular locus, for which we refer to the two articles by I. Vollaard and T. Wedhorn. The proof makes extensive use of elementary algebraic geometry, but also some deeper results.
The focal locus $Σ_X$ of an affine variety $X$ is roughly speaking the (projective) closure of the set of points $O$ for which there is a smooth point $x \in X$ and a circle with centre $O$ passing through $x$ which osculates $X$ in $x$. Algebraic geometry interprets the focal locus as the branching locus of the endpoint map $ε$ between the Euclidean normal bundle $N_X$ and the projective ambient space ($ε$ sends the normal vector $O-x$ to its endpoint $O$), and in this paper we address two general problems : 1) Characterize the "degenerate" case where the focal locus is not a hypersurface 2) …
This article is a generalisation of results of Ciliberto and Sernesi. For a general canonically embedded curve $C$ of genus $g\geq 5$, let $d\le g-1$ be an integer such that the Brill--Noether number $ρ(g,d,1)=g-2(g-d+1)\geq 1$. We study the family of $d$-secant $\mathbb{P}^{d-2}$'s to $C$ induced by the smooth locus of the Brill--Noether locus $W^1_d(C)$. Using the theory of foci and a structure theorem for the rank one locus of special $1$-generic matrices by Eisenbud and Harris, we prove a Torelli-type theorem for general curves by reconstructing the curve from its Brill--Noether loci $W^1_…
In this paper we give the projective generation of congruences of order 1 of r-dimensional projective spaces in P^N from their focal loci. In a natural way, this construction shows that the corresponding surfaces in the grassmannian are the Veronese surface, and rational ruled surfaces eventually with singularities. We characterize when these surfaces are smooth, recovering and generalizing a Ziv Ran's result.
The existence is proved of two new families of locally Cohen-Macaulay sextic threefolds in $\mathbb{P}^5$, which are not quadratically normal. These threefolds arise naturally in the realm of first order congruences of lines as focal loci and in the study of the completely exceptional Monge-Ampère equations. One of these families comes from a smooth congruence of multidegree $(1,3,3)$ which is a smooth Fano fourfold of index two and genus 9.
In this article we apply the classical method of focal loci of families to give a lower bound for the genus of curves lying on general surfaces. First we translate and reprove Xu's result that any curve C on a general surface in P^3 of degree d>4 has geometric genus g > 1 + deg(C)(d - 5)/2. Then we prove a similar lower bound for the curves lying on a general surface in a given component of the Noether-Lefschetz locus in P^3 and on a general projectively Cohen-Macaulay surface in P^4.
We explain a classical construction of a del Pezzo surface of degree d = 4 or 5 as a smooth order two congruence of lines in 3-space whose focal surface is a quartic surface $X_{20-d}$ with 20-d ordinary double points. We also show that $X_{15}$ can be realized as a hyperplane section of the Castelnuovo-Richmond-Igusa quartic hypersurface. This leads to the proof of rationality of the moduli space of 15-nodal quartic surfaces. We discuss some other birational models of $X_{15}$: quartic symmetroids, 5-nodal quartic surfaces, 10-nodal sextic surfaces in $P^4$ and nonsingular surfaces of degree …
This article presents the theory of focal locus applied to the hypersurfaces in the projective space which are (finitely) covered by linear spaces and such that the tangent space is constant along these spaces.
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