P. J. Cameron, A. M. Vershik
We constract various subgroups of the group of isometries of universal Urysohn spaces (unique complete separable metric space which is iniversal and homogeneous) including abelian groups which act transitively, and free groups which are dense in the full isometry group.
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We show that the isometry group of the bounded Urysohn space is simple. This extends previous work by the authors.
We give a general criterion for the (bounded) simplicity of the automorphism groups of certain countable structures and apply it to show that the isometry group of the Urysohn space modulo the normal subgroup of bounded isometries is a simple group.
Using classical results of infinite-dimensional geometry, we show that the isometry group of the Urysohn space, endowed with its usual Polish group topology, is homeomorphic to the separable Hilbert space. The proof is basedon a lemma about extensions of metric spaces by finite metric spaces, which wealso use to investigate (answering a question of I. Goldbring) the relationship, when A,B are finite subsets of the Urysohn space, between the group of isometries fixing A pointwise, the group of isometries fixing B pointwise, and the group of isometries fixing the intersection of A and B pointwis…
We prove the equivalence of the two important facts about finite metric spaces and universal Urysohn metric spaces $\Bbb U$, namely theorem A and theorem B below: Theorem A (Approximation): The group of isometry $ISO(\Bbb U)$ contains everywhere dense locally finite subgroup; Theorem G(Globalization): For each finite metric space $F$ there exists another finite metric space $\bar F$ and isometric imbedding $j$ of $F$ to $\bar F$ such that isometry $j$ induces the imbedding of the group monomorphism of the group of isometries of the space $F$ to the group of isometries of space $\bar F$ and eac…
Recently, much interest was devoted to the Urysohn universal metric space U and its isometries; this paper is a contribution to this field of research. In particular, we study some properties of isometries of U, and prove the following result, which answers a question of Urysohn: if X is a subset of U is such that, for any X' which is isometric to X there exists an isometry of U which maps X to X', then X is compact (the converse was already well-known). We also answer in the negative a question of Clemens, proving that any Polish metric space is isometric to the set of fixed points of some is…
The Urysohn space is a separable complete metric space with two fundamental properties: (a) universality: every separable metric space can be isometrically embedded in it; (b) ultrahomogeneity: every finite isometry between two finite subspaces can be extended to an auto-isometry of the whole space. The Urysohn space is uniquely determined up to isometry within separable metric spaces by these two properties. We introduce an analogue of the Urysohn space for diversities, a recently developed variant of the concept of a metric space. In a diversity any finite set of points is assigned a non-neg…
A metric space $\mathrm{M}=(M;\de)$ is {\em homogeneous} if for every isometry $f$ of a finite subspace of $\mathrm{M}$ to a subspace of $\mathrm{M}$ there exists an isometry of $\mathrm{M}$ onto $\mathrm{M}$ extending $f$. A metric space $\boldsymbol{U}$ is an {\em Urysohn} metric space if it is homogeneous and separable and complete and if it isometrically embeds every separable metric space $\mathrm{M}$ with $\dist(\mathrm{M})\subseteq \dist(\boldsymbol{U})$. (With $\dist(\mathrm{M})$ being the set of distances between points in $\mathrm{M}$.) The main results are: (1) A characterization of…
A metric space $\mathrm{M}=(M;\de)$ is {\em homogeneous} if for every isometry $α$ of a finite subspace of $\mathrm{M}$ to a subspace of $\mathrm{M}$ there exists an isometry of $\mathrm{M}$ onto $\mathrm{M}$ extending $α$. The metric space $\mathrm{M}$ is {\em universal} if it isometrically embeds every finite metric space $\mathrm{F}$ with $\dist(\mathrm{F})\subseteq \dist(\mathrm{M})$. ($\dist(\mathrm{M})$ being the set of distances between points of $\mathrm{M}$.) A metric space $\mathrm{M}$ is {\em oscillation stable} if for every $ε>0$ and every uniformly continuous and bounded function …
Answering a question of Gao and Kechris, we show that, given any polish group G, there exists a closed subset F of Urysohn's universal metric space U such that G is (topologically) isomorphic to the subgroup of isometries of U which map F onto itself.
A theorem proved by Hrushovski for graphs and extended by Solecki and Vershik (independently from each other) to metric spaces leads to a stronger version of ultrahomogeneity of the infinite random graph $R$, the universal Urysohn metric space $\Ur$, and other related objects. We show how the result can be used to average out uniform and coarse embeddings of $\Ur$ (and its various counterparts) into normed spaces. Sometimes this leads to new embeddings of the same kind that are metric transforms and besides extend to affine representations of various isometry groups. As an application of this …
Uniqueness and homogeneity of non-separable Urysohn universal ultrametric spaces
本文研究了非可分Urysohn泛超度量空间的等距问题，引入petaloid超度量空间概念，证明了所有petaloid空间彼此等距且对有限及紧子空间具有齐次性，并验证了四类空间满足该性质。
We prove some extension theorems involving uniformly continuous maps of the universal Urysohn space. We also prove reconstruction theorems for certain groups of autohomeomorphisms of this space and of its open subsets.
We consider the problem of isometric embedding of metric spaces to the Banach spaces; and introduce and study the remarkable class of so-called linearly rigid metric spaces: these are the spaces that admit a unique, up to isometry, linearly dense isometric embedding into a Banach space. The first nontrivial example of such a space was given by R. Holmes; he proved that the universal Urysohn space has this property. We give a criterion of linear rigidity of a metric space, which allows us to give a simple proof of the linear rigidity of the Urysohn space and some other metric spaces. The variou…
Convergence of metric measure spaces via embeddings in the Urysohn universal space
本文通过将度量测度空间等距嵌入Urysohn万有空间，证明了Gromov盒拓扑与弱拓扑的商拓扑一致，并构造了完备可分的截断Wasserstein距离，与盒距离Hölder等价。
Realising all countable groups as quasi-isometry groups
本文通过构造新的强准等距刚性空间，证明了所有可数群都可以作为准等距群出现，且当群为超几何群时，所构造的空间也是超几何度量空间。
Let G be a closed subgroup of the isometry group of a proper CAT(0)-space X. We show that if G is non-elementary and contains a rank-one element then its second bounded cohomology group with coefficients in the regular representation is non-trivial. As a consequence, up to passing to an open subgroup of finite index, either G is a compact extension of a totally disconnected group or G is a compact extension of a simple Lie group of rank one.
In this paper we define a notion of S-extension for a metric space and study minimality and coherence of S-extensions. We show that every S-extension can be identified with an algebraic object. We use this algebraic representation to give a complete characterization of all finite minimal S-extensions of a given finite metric space and a complete characterization of all minimal coherent S-extensions. We also define a notion of ultraextensive metric spaces and show that every countable metric space can be extended to a countable ultraextensive metric space. %As an application, we show that every…
On universal-homogeneous hyperbolic graphs and spaces and their isometry groups
本文研究了δ-超几何空间的通用-均匀性，构造了满足特定条件的δ-超几何空间，并证明其等距群的性质。
We develop the structure theory of full isometry groups of locally compact non-positively curved metric spaces. Amongst the discussed themes are de Rham decompositions, normal subgroup structure and characterising properties of symmetric spaces and Bruhat--Tits buildings. Applications to discrete groups and further developments on non-positively curved lattices are exposed in a companion paper: "Isometry groups of non-positively curved spaces: discrete subgroups".
We amend the statement of point~(i) in Theorem~1.3 in arxiv:0901.1022 and supply the additional arguments and minor changes for the results that depend on it. We also seize the occasion and generalize to non-finitely generated lattices.
The horofunction boundary is a means of compactifying metric spaces that was introduced by Gromov in the 1970s. We describe explicitly the horofunction boundary of the Hilbert geometry, and sketch how it may be used to study the isometry group of this space.
The present paper is devoted to investigation of the isometry group of the Gromov-Hausdorff space, i.e., the metric space of compact metric spaces considered up to an isometry and endowed with the Gromov-Hausdorff metric. The main goal is to present a proof of the following theorem by George Lowther (2015): The isometry group of the Gromov-Hausdorff space is trivial. Unfortunately, the author himself has not publish an accurate text for 2 years passed from the publication of draft (that is full of excellent ideas mixed with unproved and wrong statements) in the https://mathoverflow.net/ blog (…
Algebraic structures on non-Archimedean Urysohn universal metric spaces
研究乌里松通用超度量空间上的值域结构，引入\(p\)-adic Levi–Civita 域等，证明具有无限剩余域的完备值域对可分超度量空间通用，还给出可分情况下值域与乌里松空间等距及特定剩余域时全 Hahn 型值域成为乌里松通用超度量空间的条件。
A a Heintze group is a Lie group of the form $N\rtimes_α\mathbb{R}$, where $N$ is a simply connected nilpotent Lie group and $α$ is a derivation of $\mathrm{Lie}(N)$ whose eigenvalues all have positive real parts. We show that if two purely real Heintze groups equipped with left-invariant metrics are quasi-isometric, then up to a positive scalar multiple, their respective derivations have the same characteristic polynomial. Using the same thecniques, we prove that if we restrict to the class of Heintze groups for which $N$ is the Heisenberg group, then the Jordan form of $α$, up to positive sc…
Bochner's theorem says that if $M$ is a compact Riemannian manifold with negative Ricci curvature, then the isometry group $\operatorname{Iso}(M)$ is finite. In this article, we show that if $(X,d,m)$ is a compact metric measure space with synthetic negative Ricci curvature in Sturm's sense, then the measure preserving isometry group $\operatorname{Iso}(X,d,m)$ is finite. We also give an effective estimate on the order of the measure preserving isometry group for a compact weighted Riemannian manifold with negative Bakry-Émery Ricci curvature except for small portions.
We prove that the group of isometries of a metric measure space that satisfies the Riemannian curvature condition, $RCD^*(K,N),$ is in fact a Lie group. We obtain an optimal upper bound on its dimension and classify the spaces where this maximal dimension is achieved.
We give an analytical proof of the Poincare-type inequalities for widths of geodesic homotopies between equivariant maps valued in Hadamard metric spaces. As an application we obtain a linear bound for the length of an element conjugating two finite lists in a group acting on an Hadamard space.
A phylogenetic tree is an acyclic graph with distinctly labeled leaves, whose internal edges have a positive weight. Given a set of n leaves, the collection of all phylogenetic trees with this leaf set can be assembled into a metric cube complex known as phylogenetic tree space, or Billera-Holmes-Vogtmann tree space. In this largely combinatorial paper, we show that the isometry group of this space is the symmetric group on n elements. This fact is relevant to distance-based analyses of phylogenetic tree sets.
The space of $n$-dimensional relativistic velocities normalized to $c = 1$, $$\mathbb{B} = \{\mathbf{v}\in\mathbb{R}^n\colon \|\mathbf{v}\| < 1\},$$ is naturally associated with Einstein velocity addition $\oplus_E$, which induces the rapidity metric $d_E$ on $\mathbb{B}$ given by $d_E(\mathbf{u}, \mathbf{v}) = \tanh^{-1}\|-\mathbf{u}\oplus_E\mathbf{v}\|$. This metric is also known as the Cayley-Klein metric. We give a complete description of the isometry group of $(\mathbb{B}, d_E)$, along with its composition law.
We show that the horofunction boundary of Teichmüller space with Thurston's Lipschitz metric is the same as the Thurston boundary. We use this to determine the isometry group of the Lipschitz metric, apart from in some exceptional cases. We also show that the Teichmüller spaces of different surfaces, when endowed with this metric, are not isometric, again with some possible exceptions of low genus.
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