In this thesis, we generalize the Koszul duality for associative algebras and operads to PROPs. The operads are algebraic objects that represent the operations with multiple inputs but only one output acting on a certain type of algebras. A PROP models the operations with multiple inputs and multiple outputs acting on algebraic structures like bialgebras and Lie bialgebras. We also give a construction of the free monoid (for a monoidal product non-necessarily bilinear). We generalize the Poincare series of operads to PROPs and we prove a functional equation for Poincare series of Koszul PROPs.
The notion of PROP models the operations with multiple inputs and multiple outputs, acting on some algebraic structures like the bialgebras or the Lie bialgebras. We prove a Koszul duality theory for PROPs generalizing the one for associative algebras and for operads.
The notion of prop models the operations with multiple inputs and multiple outpus, acting on some algebraic structures like the bialgebras or the Lie bialgebras. In this paper, we generalize the Koszul duality theory of associative algebras and operads to props.
In this article we give a conceptual definition of Manin products in any category endowed with two coherent monoidal products. This construction can be applied to associative algebras, non-symmetric operads, operads, colored operads, and properads presented by generators and relations. These two products, called black and white, are dual to each other under Koszul duality functor. We study their properties and compute several examples of black and white products for operads. These products allow us to define natural operations on the chain complex defining cohomology theories. With these opera…
From symplectic reflection algebras, some algebras are naturally introduced. We show that these algebras are non-homogeneous N-Koszul algebras, through a PBW theorem.
Koszul property was generalized to homogeneous algebras of degree N>2 in [5], and related to N-complexes in [7]. We show that if the N-homogeneous algebra A is generalized Koszul, AS-Gorenstein and of finite global dimension, then one can apply the Van den Bergh duality theorem [23] to A, i.e., there is a Poincare duality between Hochschild homology and cohomology of A, as for N=2.
We study the stability of Koszul and Gorentein properties for the semi-cross product of homogeneous algebras. Nous étudions la conservation des propriétés de Koszul et de Gorenstein pour le produit semi-croisé des algèbres homogènes.
We discuss the consequences of the Poincaré duality, versus AS- Gorenstein property, for Koszul algebras (homogeneous and non homogeneous). For homogeneous Koszul algebras, the Poincaré duality property implies the existence of twisted potentials which characterize the corresponding algebras while in the case of quadratic linear Koszul algebras, the Poincaré duality is needed to get a good generalization of universal enveloping algebras of Lie algebras. In the latter case we describe and discuss the corresponding generalization of Lie algebras. We also give a short review of the notion of Kosz…
Generalizing Jacob Lurie's idea on the relation between the Verdier duality and the iterated loop space theory, we study the Koszul duality for locally constant factorization algebras. We formulate an analogue of Lurie's "nonabelian Poincare duality" theorem (which is closely related to earlier results of Graeme Segal, of Dusa McDuff, and of Paolo Salvatore) in a symmetric monoidal stable infinity category carefully, using John Francis' notion of excision. Its proof is done by first studying the Koszul duality for E_n-algebras in detail. As a consequence, we obtain a Verdier type equivalence f…
We introduce a functor ${\sf As}$ from the category of posets to the category of nonsymmetric binary and quadratic operads, establishing a new connection between these two categories. Each operad obtained by the construction ${\sf As}$ provides a generalization of the associative operad because all of its generating operations are associative. This construction has a very singular property: the operads obtained from ${\sf As}$ are almost never basic. Besides, the properties of the obtained operads, such as Koszulity, basicity, associative elements, realization, and dimensions, depend on combin…
The algebras $A(Γ)$, where $Γ$ is a directed layered graph, were first constructed by I. Gelfand, S. Serconek, V. Retakh and R. Wilson. These algebras are generalizations of the algebras $Q_n$, which are related to factorizations of non-commutative polynomials. It was conjectured that these algebras were Koszul. In 2008, T.Cassidy and B.Shelton found a counterexample to this claim, a non-Koszul $A(Γ)$ corresponding to a graph $Γ$ with 18 edges and 11 vertices. We produce an example of a directed layered graph $Γ$ with 13 edges and 9 vertices which produces a non-Koszul $A(Γ)$. We also show thi…
It has been shown recently, in a joint work with Michel Dubois-Violette and Marc Wambst (see math.QA/0203035), that Koszul property of $N$-homogeneous algebras (as defined in the original paper) becomes natural in a $N$-complex setting. A basic question is to define the differential of the bimodule Koszul complex of an $N$-homogeneous algebra, e.g., for computing its Hochschild homology. The differential defined here uses $N$-complexes. That puts right the wrong differential presented in the original paper in a 2-complex setting. Actually, as we shall see, it is impossible to avoid $N$-complex…
We show Koszulness of the prop governing involutive Lie bialgebras and also of the props governing non-unital and unital-counital Frobenius algebras, solving a long-standing problem. This gives us minimal models for their deformation complexes, and for deformation complexes of their algebras which are discussed in detail. Using an operad of graph complexes we prove, with the help of an earlier result of one of the authors, that there is a highly non-trivial action of the Grothendieck-Teichmüller group $GRT_1$ on (completed versions of) the minimal models of the properads governing Lie bialgebr…
Define a $\mathcal V^{(d)}$-algebra as an associative algebra with a symmetric and invariant co-inner product of degree $d$. Here, we consider $\mathcal V^{(d)}$ as a dioperad which includes operations with zero inputs. We show that the quadratic dual of $\mathcal V^{(d)}$ is $(\mathcal V^{(d)})^!=\mathcal V^{(-d)}$ and prove that $\mathcal V^{(d)}$ is Koszul. We also show that the corresponding properad is not Koszul contractible.
We develop a theory of "arrowed" (operads and) dioperads, which are to exact triangles as dioperads are to vector spaces. A central example to this paper is the arrowed operad controlling "derived ideals" for any operad. The Koszul duality theory of arrowed dioperads interacts well with rotation of exact triangles, and in particular with "exact Stars of David," which are pairs of exact triangles drawn on top of each other in an interesting way. Using this framework, we give a cochain-level lift of the "relative Poincaré duality" enjoyed by oriented manifolds with boundary; moreover, our cochai…
We determine all inhomogeneous Yang-Mills algebras and super Yang-Mills algebras which are Koszul. Following a recent proposal, a non-homogeneous algebra is said to be Koszul if the homogeneous part is Koszul and if the PBW property holds. In this paper, the homogeneous parts are the Yang-Mills algebra and the super Yang-Mills algebra.
Let $α$ be a polynomial Poisson bivector on a finite-dimensional vector space $V$ over $\mathbb{C}$. Then Kontsevich [K97] gives a formula for a quantization $f\star g$ of the algebra $S(V)^*$. We give a construction of an algebra with the PBW property defined from $α$ by generators and relations. Namely, we define an algebra as the quotient of the free tensor algebra $T(V^*)$ by relations $x_i\otimes x_j-x_j\otimes x_i=R_{ij}(\hbar)$ where $R_{ij}(\hbar)\in T(V^*)\otimes\hbar \mathbb{C}[[\hbar]]$, $R_{ij}=\hbar \Sym(α_{ij})+\mathcal{O}(\hbar^2)$, with one relation for each pair of $i,j=1...\d…
We define the $m$th Veronese power of a weight graded operad $\mathcal{P}$ to be its suboperad $\mathcal{P}^{[m]}$ generated by operations of weight $m$. It turns out that, unlike Veronese powers of associative algebras, homological properties of operads are, in general, not improved by this construction. However, under some technical conditions, Veronese powers of quadratic Koszul operads are meaningful in the context of the Koszul duality theory. Indeed, we show that in many important cases the operads $\mathcal{P}^{[m]}$ are related by Koszul duality to operads describing strongly homotopy …
We develop the theory of N-homogeneous algebras in a super setting, with particular emphasis on the Koszul property. To any Hecke operator on a vector superspace, we associate certain superalgebras and generalizing the ordinary symmetric and Grassmann algebra, respectively. We prove that these algebras are N-Koszul. For the special case where the Hecke operator is the ordinary supersymmetry, we derive an $N$-generalized super-version of MacMahon's classical "master theorem".
