Infinite Simple Bol Loops

Free Bol loops of exponent two

A Bol loop is a loop that satisfies the identity $x((yz)y)=((xy)z)y$. In this paper, we give a construction of the free Bol loops of exponent two. We define a canonical form of all their elements and describe their multiplication law based on this form.

Half-automorphism group of a class of Bol loops

A Bol loop is a loop that satisfies the Bol identity $(xy.z)y=x(yz.y)$. If $L$ is a loop and $f:L\to L$ is a bijection such that $f(xy)\in\{f(x)f(y),f(y)f(x)\}$, for every $x$, $y\in L$, then $f$ is called a half-automorphism of $L$. In this paper, we describe the half-automorphism group of a class of Bol loops of order $4m$.

Commutants of Bol loops of Odd Order

In this note we show that the commutant of a Bol loop of odd order is a subloop.

$3$-dimensional Bol loops corresponding to solvable Lie triple systems

We classify the connected $3$-dimensional differentiable Bol loops $L$ having a solvable Lie group as the group topologically generated by the left translations of $L$ using $3$-dimensional solvable Lie triple systems. Together with \cite{figula} our results complete the classification of all $3$-dimensional differentiable Bol loops.

On Twisted Subgroups and Bol Loops of Odd Order

In the spirit of Glauberman's fundamental work in B-loops and Moufang loops, we prove Cauchy and strong Lagrange theorems for Bol loops of odd order. We also establish necessary conditions for the existence of a simple Bol loop of odd order, conditions which should be useful in the development of a Feit-Thompson theorem for Bol loops. Bol loops are closely related to Aschbacher's twisted subgroups, and we survey the latter in some detail, especially with regard to the so-called Aschbacher radical.

Bol loops and Bruck loops of order $pq$

Right Bol loops are loops satisfying the identity $((zx)y)x = z((xy)x)$, and right Bruck loops are right Bol loops satisfying the identity $(xy)^{-1} = x^{-1}y^{-1}$. Let $p$ and $q$ be odd primes such that $p>q$. Advancing the research program of Niederreiter and Robinson from $1981$, we classify right Bol loops of order $pq$. When $q$ does not divide $p^2-1$, the only right Bol loop of order $pq$ is the cyclic group of order $pq$. When $q$ divides $p^2-1$, there are precisely $(p-q+4)/2$ right Bol loops of order $pq$ up to isomorphism, including a unique nonassociative right Bruck loop $B_{p…

The varieties of loops of Bol-Moufang type

A loop identity is of Bol-Moufang type if two of its three variables occur once on each side, the third variable occurs twice on each side, and the order in which the variables appear on both sides is the same, viz. $((xy)x)z=x(y(xz))$. Loop varieties defined by one identity of Bol-Moufang type include groups, Bol loops, Moufang loops and C-loops. We show that there are exactly 14 such varieties, and determine all inclusions between them, providing all necessary counterexamples, too. This extends and completes the programme of Fenyves.

Uniquely 2-divisible Bol loops

Although any finite Bol loop of odd prime exponent is solvable, we show there exist such Bol loops with trivial center. We also construct finitely generated, infinite, simple Bruck loops of odd prime exponent for sufficiently large primes. This shows that the Burnside problem for Bruck loops has a negative answer.

A class of finite simple Bol loops of exponent 2

In this paper we give an infinite class of finite simple right Bol loops of exponent 2. The right multiplication group of these loops is an extension of an elementary Abelian 2-group by $S_5$. The construction uses the description of the structure of such loops given by M. Aschbacher. These results answer some questions of M. Aschbacher.

New Algebraic Properties of Middle Bol Loops

A loop $(Q,\cdot,\backslash,/)$ is called a middle Bol loop if it obeys the identity $x(yz\backslash x)=(x/z)(y\backslash x)$. In this paper, some new algebraic properties of a middle Bol loop are established. Four bi-variate mappings $f_i,g_i,~i=1,2$ and four $j$-variate mappings $α_j,β_j,ϕ_j,ψ_j,~j\in\mathbb{N}$ are introduced and some interesting properties of the former are found. Neccessary and sufficient conditons in terms of $f_i,g_i,~i=1,2$, for a middle Bol loop to have the elasticity property, RIP, LIP, right alternative property (RAP) and left alternative property (LAP) are establsi…

Loops of Bol-Moufang type with a subgroup of index two

We describe all constructions for loops of Bol-Moufang type analogous to the Chein construction $M(G,*,g_0)$ for Moufang loops.

Holomorph of generalized Bol loops II

The notion of the holomorph of a generalized Bol loop (GBL) is characterized afresh. The holomorph of a right inverse property loop (RIPL) is shown to be a GBL if and only if the loop is a GBL and some bijections of the loop are right (middle) regular. The holomorph of a RIPL is shown to be a GBL if and only if the loop is a GBL and some elements of the loop are right (middle) nuclear. Necessary and sufficient condition for the holomorph of a RIPL to be a Bol loop are deduced. Some algebraic properties and commutative diagrams are established for a RIPL whose holomorph is a GBL.

Collineation groups of the smallest Bol 3-nets

Some associativity properties of a loop can be interpreted as certain closure configuration of the corresponding 3-net. It was known that the smallest non-associative loops with the so called left Bol property have order 8. In this paper, we determine the direction preserving collineation groups of the 3-nets belonging to these smallest Bol loops. For that, we prove some new results concerning collineations of 3-nets and autotopisms of loops.

A class of simple proper Bol loops

The existence of finite simple non-Moufang Bol loops was considered as one of the main open problems in the theory of loops and quasigroups. In this paper, we present a class of proper simple Bol loops. This class also contains finite and new infinite simple proper Bol loops.

A class of Bol loops with a subgroup of index two

Let $G$ be a finite group and $C_2$ the cyclic group of order 2. Consider the 8 multiplicative operations $(x,y)\mapsto (x^iy^j)^k$, where $i$, $j$, $k\in\{-1, 1\}$. Define a new multiplication on $G\times C_2$ by assigning one of the above 8 multiplications to each quarter $(G\times\{i\})\times(G\times\{j\})$, for $i$, $j\in C_2$. We describe all situations in which the resulting quasigroup is a Bol loop. This paper also corrects an error in P. Vojtěchovský: On the uniqueness of loops $M(G,2)$.

Bol loops as sections in semi-simple Lie groups of small dimension

Using the relations between the theory of differentiable Bol loops and the theory of affine symmetric spaces we classify all connected differentiable Bol loops having an at most $9$-dimensional semi-simple Lie group as the group topologically generated by their left translations. We show that all these Bol loops are isotopic to direct products of Bruck loops of hyperbolic type or to Scheerer extensions of Lie groups by Bruck loops of hyperbolic type.

强右交错环与Bol环圈

Strongly right alternative rings and Bol loops

本文部分解决Goodaire的两个问题，证明有限强右交错环的单位集与拟正则元素集分别构成Bol环圈。

$3$-dimensional Bol loops as sections in non-solvable Lie groups

Our aim in this paper is to classify the $3$-dimensional connected differentiable global Bol loops, which have a non-solvable group as the group topologically generated by their left translations and to describe their relations to metric space geometries. The classification of global differentiable Bol loops significantly differs from the classification of local differentiable Bol loops. We treat the differentiable Bol loops as images of global differentiable sections $σ:G/H \to G$ such that for all $r,s \in σ(G/H)$ the element $rsr$ lies in $σ(G/H)$, where $H$ is the stabilizer of the identit…

源于 Bol 反射的右 Bol 圈的扩展公式

An extension formula for right Bol loops arising from Bol reflections

本文研究右 Bol 圈的新扩展公式，证明其为右 Bol 的条件，描述核心不变量，并揭示核心作为对合 quandle 的结构及其与同构对合 quandle 不相交并集的关系。

When is a Bol loop Moufang?

There are a number of identities which, if satisfied by a Bol loop, imply that the loop is actually Moufang. In this paper we show that in a number of cases, the Moufang identity is also forced not by a single identity, but by giving elements a choice of equations to satisfy.

A scoop from groups: Equational foundations for loops

Groups are usually axiomatized as algebras with an associative binary operation, a two-sided neutral element, and with two-sided inverses. We show in this note that the same simplicity of axioms can be achieved for some of the most important varieties of loops. In particular, we investigate loops of Bol-Moufang type in the underlying variety of magmas with two-sided inverses, and obtain "group-like" equational bases for Moufang, Bol and C-loops. We also discuss the case when the inverses are only one-sided and/or the neutral element is only one-sided.

AG-groups and other classes of right Bol quasigroups

By a result of Sharma, right Bol quasigroups are obtainable from right Bol loops via an involutive automorphism. We prove that the class of AG-groups, introduced by Kamran, is obtained via the same construction from abelian groups. We further introduce a new class of Bol* quasigroups, which turns out to correspond, as above, to the class of groups. Sharma's correspondence allows an efficient implementation and we present some enumeration results for the above three classes.

Group invariants of certain Burn loop classes

In this paper, we determine the collineation groups generated by the Bol reflections, the core, the automorphism groups and the full direction preserving collineation groups of the loops $B_{4n}$ and $C_{4n}$ given by R.P. Burn. We also prove some lemmas and use new methods in order to simplify the calculations in these groups.

Automorphisms of the loop and arc graph of an infinite-type surface

We show that the extended based mapping class group of an infinite-type surface is naturally isomorphic to the automorphism group of the loop graph of that surface. Additionally, we show that the extended mapping class group stabilizing a finite set of punctures is isomorphic to the arc graph relative to that finite set of punctures. This extends a known result for sufficiently complex finite-type surfaces, and provides a new angle from which to study the mapping class groups of infinite-type surfaces.