We consider Cauchy type integrals $I(t)={1\over 2πi}\int_γ {g(z)dz\over z-t}$ with $g(z)$ an algebraic function. The main goal is to give constructive (at least, in principle) conditions for $I(t)$ to be an algebraic function, a rational function, and ultimately an identical zero near infinity. This is done by relating the Monodromy group of the algebraic function $g$, the geometry of the integration curve $γ$, and the analytic properties of the Cauchy type integrals. The motivation for the study of these conditions is provided by the fact that certain Cauchy type integrals of algebraic functions appear in the infinitesimal versions of two classical open questions in Analytic Theory of Differential Equations: the Poincaré Center-Focus problem and the second part of the Hilbert 16-th problem.
We prove an analogue of the Cauchy integral theorem for hyperholomorphic functions given in three-dimensional domains with non piece-smooth boundaries and taking values in an arbitrary finite-dimensional commutative associative Banach algebra.
This article is the second in a series of three papers, whose scope is to give new proofs to the well known theorems of Calderón, Coifman, McIntosh and Meyer. Here we treat the case of the Cauchy integral on Lipschitz curves and some of its generalizations.
In this paper we study the commutator of Cauchy type integrals $\EuScript C$ on a bounded strongly pseudoconvex domain $D$ in $\mathbb C^n$ with boundary $bD$ satisfying the minimum regularity condition $C^{2}$ as in the recent result of Lanzani--Stein. We point out that in this setting the Cauchy type integrals $\EuScript C$ is the sum of the essential part $\EuScript C^\sharp$ which is a Calderón--Zygmund operator and a remainder $\EuScript R$ which is no longer a Calderón--Zygmund operator. We show that the commutator $[b, \EuScript C]$ is bounded on $L^p(bD)$ ($1<p<\infty$) if {\color{blac…
Let $a=(a_1,a_2,...c,a_n)$ for $n\in\mathbb{N}$ be a given sequence of positive numbers. In the paper, the authors establish, by using Cauchy's integral formula in the theory of complex functions, an integral representation of the principal branch of the geometric mean {equation*} G_n(a+z)=\Biggl[\prod_{k=1}^n(a_k+z)\Biggr]^{1/n} {equation*} for $z\in\mathbb{C}\setminus(-\infty,-\min\{a_k,1\le k\le n\}]$, and then provide a new proof of the well known GA mean inequality.
In this paper, we discuss the representability almost everywhere (a.e.) in the plane of an irreducible algebraic function as the Cauchy transform of a signed measure supported on a finite number of compact semi-analytic curves and a finite number of isolated points. We discuss the existence of critical trajectories of a family of quadratic differentials.
The aim of this paper is two fold. We derive an integral representation for the generalized 2D Zernike polynomials which are of independent interest and give the explicit expression of the action of the Cauchy transform on them.
We prove sufficient and necessary conditions for compactness of Calderón-Zygmund operators on the endpoint from $L^{\infty }(\mathbb R)$ into ${\rm CMO}(\mathbb R)$. We use this result to prove compactness on $L^{p}(\mathbb R)$ with $1<p<\infty $ of certain perturbations of the Cauchy integral on curves with normal derivatives satisfying a ${\rm CMO}$-condition.
We study the commutator of the well-known Cauchy integral operator with a locally integrable function $b$ on $\mathbb R$, and establish the characterisation of the BMO space on $\mathbb R$ via the $L^p$ boundedness of this commutator. Moreover, we also establish the characterisation of the VMO space on $\mathbb R$ via the compactness of this commutator.
Below we discuss the existence of a motherbody measure for the exterior inverse problem in potential theory in the complex plane. More exactly, we study the question of representability almost everywhere (a.e.) in C of (a branch of) an irreducible algebraic function as the Cauchy transform of a signed measure supported on a finite number of compact semi-analytic curves and a finite number of isolated points. Firstly, we present a large class of algebraic functions for which there (conjecturally) always exists a positive measure with the above properties. This class was discovered in our earlie…
We review various motives for considering the problem of estimating the Cauchy Singular Integral on Lipschitz graphs in the $L^{2}$ norm. We follow the thread that led to the solution and then describe a few of the innumerable applications and ramifications of this fundamental result. We concentrate on its influence in complex analysis, geometric measure theory and harmonic measure.
There seems to be quite a bit of room for interesting things related to surfaces M in C^m with real dimension m which are totally real and aspects of several complex variables on C^m around M. A basic case occurs when m = 1, with Cauchy integral operators along curves, holomorphic functions on the complements of curves, and so on. In the present article we briefly indicate a few points concerning these matters.
We study certain generalized Cauchy integral formulas for gradients of solutions to second order divergence form elliptic systems, which appeared in recent work by P. Auscher and A. Rosén. These are constructed through functional calculus and are in general beyond the scope of singular integrals. More precisely, we establish such Cauchy formulas for solutions $u$ with gradient in weighted $L_2(\R^{1+n}_+,t^αdtdx)$ also in the case $|α|<1$. In the end point cases $α= \pm 1$, we show how to apply Carleson duality results by T. Hytönen and A. Rosén to establish such Cauchy formulas.
This article is the first in a series of three papers, whose scope is to give new proofs to the well known theorems of Calderón, Coifman, McIntosh and Meyer. Here we treat the case of the first commutator and some of its generalizations.
This article is the last in a series of three papers, whose scope is to give new proofs to the well known theorems of Calderón, Coifman, McIntosh and Meyer. Here we extend the results of the previous two papers to the polydisc setting. In particular, we solve completely an open question of Coifman from the early eighties.
In the paper, the author establishes an integral representation for Cauchy numbers of the second kind, finds the complete monotonicity, minimality, and logarithmic convexity of Cauchy numbers of the second kind, and presents some inequalities for determinants and products of Cauchy numbers of the second kind.
Recently V. Kokilashvili, N. Samko, and S. Samko have proved a sufficient condition for the boundedness of the Cauchy singular integral operator on variable Lebesgue spaces with radial oscillating weights over Carleson curves. This condition is formulated in terms of Matuszewska-Orlicz indices of weights. We prove a partial converse of their result.
This paper concerns an analytic and numerical analysis of a class of weighted singular Cauchy integrals with exponential weights $w:=\exp(-Q)$ with finite moments and with smooth external fields $Q:\mathbb R\to [0,\infty)$, with varying smooth convex rate of increase for large argument. Our analysis relies in part on weighted polynomial interpolation at the zeros of orthonormal polynomials with respect to $w^2$. We also study bounds for the first derivatives of a class of functions of the second kind for $w^2$.
We consider multipoint Padé approximation to Cauchy transforms of complex measures. We show that if the support of a measure is an analytic Jordan arc and if the measure itself is absolutely continuous with respect to the equilibrium distribution of that arc with Dini-smooth non-vanishing density, then the diagonal multipoint Padé approximants associated with appropriate interpolation schemes converge locally uniformly to the approximated Cauchy transform in the complement of the arc. This asymptotic behavior of Padé approximants is deduced from the analysis of underlying non-Hermitian orthogo…
We show that, given a family of discs centered at a nice curve, the analytic capacities of arbitrary subsets of these discs add up. However we need that the discs in question would be slightly separated, and it is not clear whether the separation condition is essential or not. We apply this result to study the independence of Cauchy integral operators.
Let $p:\R\to(1,\infty)$ be a globally log-Hölder continuous variable exponent and $w:\R\to[0,\infty]$ be a weight. We prove that the Cauchy singular integral operator $S$ is bounded on the weighted variable Lebesgue space $L^{p(\cdot)}(\R,w)=\{f:fw\in L^{p(\cdot)}(\R)\}$ if and only if the weight $w$ satisfies \[ \sup_{-\infty<a<b<\infty} \frac{1}{b-a}\|wχ_{(a,b)}\|_{p(\cdot)}\|w^{-1}χ_{(a,b)}\|_{p'(\cdot)}<\infty \quad (1/p(x)+1/p'(x)=1). \]
Let $C_Γ$ be the Cauchy integral operator on a Lipschitz curve $Γ$. In this article, the authors show that the commutator $[b,C_Γ]$ is bounded (resp., compact) on the Morrey space $L^{p,\,λ}(\mathbb R)$ for any (or some) $p\in(1, \infty)$ and $λ\in(0, 1)$ if and only if $b\in {\rm BMO}(\mathbb R)$ (resp., ${\rm CMO}(\mathbb R)$). As an application, a factorization of the classical Hardy space $H^1(\mathbb R)$ in terms of $C_Γ$ and its adjoint operator is obtained.
Let vphi:C rightarrow C be a bilipschitz map. We prove that if E\subset\C is compact, and gamma(E), alpha(E) stand for its analytic and continuous analytic capacity respectively, then C^{-1}γ(E)\leq γ(\vphi(E)) \leq Cγ(E) and C^{-1}α(E)\leq α(\vphi(E)) \leq Cα(E), where C depends only on the bilipschitz constant of vphi. Further, we show that if mu is a Radon measure on C and the Cauchy transform is bounded on L^2(μ), then the Cauchy transform is also bounded on L^2(\vphi_\sharpμ), where vphi_\sharpμis the image measure of mu by vphi. To obtain these results, we estimate the curvature of vphi_…
We prove Cauchy's formula for repeated integration on time scales. The obtained relation gives rise to new notions of fractional integration and differentiation on arbitrary nonempty closed sets.
We investigate the variable-exponent Abel integral equations and corresponding fractional Cauchy problems. The main contributions of the work are enumerated as follows: (i) We develop an approximate inversion technique for variable-exponent Abel integral operators, based on which we analyze the corresponding integral and differential equations; (ii) We prove that the sensitive dependence of the well-posedness of classical Riemann-Liouville fractional differential equations on the initial value could be resolved by adjusting the initial value of the variable exponent; (iii) We prove that the si…
The Cauchy-Schlömilch transformation states that for a function $f$ and $a, \, b > 0$, the integral of $f(x^{2})$ and $af((ax-bx^{-1})^{2}$ over the interval $[0, \infty)$ are the same. This elementary result is used to evaluate many non-elementary definite integrals, most of which cannot be obtained by symbolic packages. Applications to probability distributions is also given.
In this paper we exploit the umbral calculus framework to reformulate the so-called discrete Cauchy-Kovalevskaya extension in the scope of hypercomplex variables. The key idea is to consider not only formal power series representation for the underlying solution, but also integral representations for the Chebyshev polynomials of first and second kind by means of its Cauchy principal values. It turns out that the resulting integral representation associated to our toy problem is a space-time Fourier type inversion formula. Moreover, with the aid of some Laplace transform identities involving th…
We study AAK as well as Padé approximants to functions f, where f is a sum of a Cauchy transform of a complex measure μsupported on a real interval included in (-1,1), whose Radon-Nikodym derivative with respect to the arcsine distribution on its support is Dini-continuous, non-vanishing and with and argument of bounded variation, and of a rational function with no poles on the support of μ. It is shown that the approximants converge to f locally uniformly in the domain of holomorphy of f, intersected with the unit disk in the case of AAK approximants. In the case of Padé approximants we need …
We design convergent multipoint Pade interpolation schemes to Cauchy transforms of non-vanishing complex densities with respect to Jacobi-type weights on analytic arcs, under mild smoothness assumptions on the density. We rely on our earlier work for the choice of the interpolation points, and dwell on the Riemann-Hilbert approach to asymptotics of orthogonal polynomials introduced by Kuijlaars, McLaughlin, Van Assche, and Vanlessen in the case of a segment. We also elaborate on the $\bar\partial$-extension of the Riemann-Hilbert technique, initiated by McLaughlin and Miller on the line to rel…
We study the behaviour of singular integral operators $T_{k_t}$ of convolution type on $\mathbb{C}$ associated with the parametric kernels $$ k_t(z):=\frac{(\Re z)^{3}}{|z|^{4}}+t\cdot \frac{\Re z}{|z|^{2}}, \quad t\in \mathbb{R},\qquad k_\infty(z):=\frac{\Re z}{|z|^{2}}\equiv \Re \frac{1}{z},\quad z\in \mathbb{C}\setminus\{0\}. $$ It is shown that for any positive locally finite Borel measure with linear growth the corresponding $L^2$-norm of $T_{k_0}$ controls the $L^2$-norm of $T_{k_\infty}$ and thus of the Cauchy transform. As a corollary, we prove that the $L^2(\mathcal{H}^1\lfloor E)$-bo…
This paper aims to investigate properties associated with fractional integral operators involving the three-parameters Mittag-Leffler function in the kernels with respect to another function. We prove that the Cauchy problem and the Volterra integral equation are equivalent. We find a closed-form to the solution of the Cauchy problem using successive approximations method and $ψ$-Caputo fractional derivative.
We prove that, for r>2, the r-variation and oscillation for the smooth truncations of the Cauchy transform on Lipschitz graphs are bounded in L^p for 1<p finite. The analogous result holds for the n-dimensional Riesz transform on n-dimensional Lipschitz graphs, as well as for other singular integral operators with odd kernel. In particular, our results strengthen the classical theorem on the L^2 boundedness of the Cauchy transform on Lipschitz graphs by Coifman, McIntosh, and Meyer.
In this work we focus on substantial fractional integral and differential operators which play an important role in modeling anomalous diffusion. We introduce a new generalized substantial fractional integral. Generalizations of fractional substantial derivatives are also introduced both in Riemann-Liouville and Caputo sense. Furthermore, we analyze fundamental properties of these operators. Finally, we consider a class of generalized substantial fractional differential equations and discuss the existence, uniqueness and continuous dependence of solutions on initial data.
Given a function $f$ holomorphic at infinity, the $n$-th diagonal Padé approximant to $f$, denoted by $[n/n]_f$, is a rational function of type $(n,n)$ that has the highest order of contact with $f$ at infinity. Nuttall's theorem provides an asymptotic formula for the error of approximation $f-[n/n]_f$ in the case where $f$ is the Cauchy integral of a smooth density with respect to the arcsine distribution on [-1,1]. In this note, Nuttall's theorem is extended to Cauchy integrals of analytic densities on the so-called algebraic S-contours (in the sense of Nuttall and Stahl).
In this paper, we propose a generalized Gronwall inequality through the fractional integral with respect to another function. The Cauchy-type problem for a nonlinear differential equation involving the $ψ$-Hilfer fractional derivative and the existence and uniqueness of solutions are discussed. Finally, through generalized Gronwall inequality, we prove the continuous dependence of data on the Cauchy-type problem.
In this work we prove a new $L^p$ holomorphic extension result for functions defined on product Lipschitz surfaces with small Lipschitz constants in two complex variables. We define biparameter and partial Cauchy integral operators that play the role of boundary values for holomorphic functions on product Lipschitz domain. In the spirit of the application of David-Journé-Semmes and Christ's $Tb$ theorem to the Cauchy integral operator, we prove a biparameter $Tb$ theorem and apply it to prove $L^p$ space bounds for the biparameter Cauchy integral operator. We also prove some new biparameter Li…
In this article we continue the study of smooth Poisson-Cauchy Type singular integral operators on the line regarding their convergence to the unit operator with rates in the Lp norm, p greater equal one. The related established inequalities involve the higher order Lp modulus of smoothness of the engaged function or its higher order derivative.
We study Cauchy means of Dirichlet polynomials $$\int_\R \Big|\sum_{n=1}^N \frac{1}{ n^{\s+ ist}} \Big|^{2q} \frac{\dd t}{π( t^2+1)}.$$ These integrals were investigated when $q=1,\s= 1, s=1/2 $ by Wilf, using integral operator theory and Widom's eigenvalue estimates. We show the optimality of some upper bounds obtained by Wilf. We also obtain new estimates for the case $q\ge 1$, $\s\ge 0$ and $s>0$. We complete Wilf's approach by relating it with other approaches (having notably connection with Brownian motion), allowing simple proofs, and also prove new results.
In these notes we discuss some relations between complex analysis (derivatives of Cauchy integrals) and curvatures of curves and surfaces. In higher dimensions the Cauchy integrals are based on generalizations of complex analysis using quarternions or Clifford algebras. These topics came up in "Analysis of and on Uniformly Rectifiable Sets" (with Guy David, American Mathematical Society, 1993), and here we describe some of the basic points involved. A presentation based on this paper was made at the AMS Special Session "Surface Geometry and Shape Perception" (Hoboken, 2001).
The Dirac delta function has solid roots in 19th century work in Fourier analysis and singular integrals by Cauchy and others, anticipating Dirac's discovery by over a century, and illuminating the nature of Cauchy's infinitesimals and his infinitesimal definition of delta.
In this study, we obtain some new integral inequalities for different classes of convex functions by using some elementary inequalities and classical inequalities like general Cauchy inequality and Minkowski inequality.
In this article we consider the problem of approximative solution of linear differential equations $y'+p(x)y=q(x)$ with discontinuous coefficients $p$ and $q$. We assume that coefficients of such equation are Henstock integrable functions. To find the approximative solution we change the original Cauchy problem to another problem with piecewise-constant coefficients. The sharp solution of this new problems is the approximative solution of the original Cauchy problem. We find the degree approximation in terms of modulus of continuity $ω_δ(P),\ ω_δ(Q)$, where $P$ and $Q$ are $f$-primitive for co…
