Let \A be a complex hyperplane arrangement, with fundamental group G and holonomy Lie algebra \H. Suppose \H_3 is a free abelian group of minimum possible rank, given the values the Möbius function μ: Ł_2\to \Z takes on the rank 2 flats of \A. Then the associated graded Lie algebra of G decomposes (in degrees 2 and higher) as a direct product of free Lie algebras. In particular, the ranks of the lower central series quotients of the group are given by ϕ_r(G)=\sum_{X\in Ł_2} ϕ_r(F_{μ(X)}), for r\ge 2. We illustrate this new Lower Central Series formula with several families of examples.
We give a long exact sequence for the homology of a graded atomic lattice equipped with a sheaf of modules, in terms of the deleted and restricted lattices. This is then used to compute the homology of the arrangement lattice of a hyperplane arrangement equipped with the natural sheaf. This generalises an old result of Lusztig.
We prove that the ith graded pieces of the Orlik-Solomon algebras or Cordovil algebras of resonance arrangements form a finitely generated FS^op-module, thus obtaining information about the growth of their dimensions and restrictions on the irreducible representations of symmetric groups that they contain.
We show that the rational homotopy type of the complement of a toric arrangement is completely determined by two sets of combinatorial data. This is obtained by introducing a differential graded algebra over Q whose minimal model is equivalent to the Sullivan minimal model of the arrangement.
We examine the first non-vanishing higher homotopy group, $π_p$, of the complement of a hypersolvable, non--supersolvable, complex hyperplane arrangement, as a module over the group ring of the fundamental group, $\Zπ_1$. We give a presentation for the $I$--adic completion of $π_p$. We deduce that the second nilpotent $I$--adic quotient of $π_p$ is determined by the combinatorics of the arrangement, and we give a combinatorial formula for the second associated graded piece, $\gr^1_I π_p$. We relate the torsion of this graded piece to the dimensions of the minimal generating systems of the Orli…
We survey interactions between the topology and the combinatorics of complex hyperplane arrangements. Without claiming to be exhaustive, we examine in this setting combinatorial aspects of fundamental groups, associated graded Lie algebras, higher homotopy groups, cohomology rings, twisted homology with rank 1 complex coefficients, and Milnor fibers.
Given an arrangement of subtori of arbitrary codimension in a torus, we compute the cohomology groups of the complement. Then, using the Leray spectral sequence, we describe the multiplicative structure on the graded cohomology. We also provide a differential model for the cohomology ring by considering a toric wonderful model and its Morgan algebra. Finally we focus on the divisorial case, proving a new presentation for the cohomology of toric arrangements.
In a recent paper we claimed that both the group algebra of a finite Coxeter group $W$ as well as the Orlik-Solomon algebra of $W$ can be decomposed into a sum of induced one-dimensional representations of centralizers, one for each conjugacy class of elements of $W$, and gave a uniform proof of this claim for symmetric groups. In this note we outline an inductive approach to our conjecture. As an application of this method, we prove the inductive version of the conjecture for finite Coxeter groups of rank up to 2.
Let A be a graded-commutative, connected k-algebra generated in degree 1. The homotopy Lie algebra g_A is defined to be the Lie algebra of primitives of the Yoneda algebra, Ext_A(k,k). Under certain homological assumptions on A and its quadratic closure, we express g_A as a semi-direct product of the well-understood holonomy Lie algebra h_A with a certain h_A-module. This allows us to compute the homotopy Lie algebra associated to the cohomology ring of the complement of a complex hyperplane arrangement, provided some combinatorial assumptions are satisfied. As an application, we give examples…
We refine a conjecture by Lehrer and Solomon on the structure of the Orlik-Solomon algebra of a finite Coxeter group $W$ and relate it to the descent algebra of $W$. As a result, we claim that both the group algebra of $W$, as well as the Orlik-Solomon algebra of $W$ can be decomposed into a sum of induced one-dimensional representations of element centralizers, one for each conjugacy class of elements of $W$. We give a uniform proof of the claim for symmetric groups. In addition, we prove that a relative version of the conjecture holds for every pair $(W, W_L)$, where $W$ is arbitrary and $W_…
We give a recursive algorithm for computing the Orlik-Terao algebra of the Coxeter arrangement of type A_{n-1} as a graded representation of S_n, and we give a conjectural description of this representation in terms of the cohomology of the configuration space of n points in SU(2) modulo translation. We also give a version of this conjecture for more general graphical arrangements.
We study the irreducibility of resonance varieties of graded rings over an exterior algebra E with particular attention to Orlik-Solomon algebras. We prove that for a stable monomial ideal in E the first resonance variety is irreducible. If J is an Orlik- Solomon ideal of an essential central hyperplane arrangement, then we show that its first resonance variety is irreducible if and only if the subideal of J generated by all degree 2 elements has a 2-linear resolution. As an application we characterize those hyperplane arrangements of rank less than or equal to 3 where J is componentwise linea…
If $M$ is the complement of a hyperplane arrangement, and $A=H^*(M,\k)$ is the cohomology ring of $M$ over a field of characteristic 0, then the ranks, $ϕ_k$, of the lower central series quotients of $π_1(M)$ can be computed from the Betti numbers, $b_{ii}=\dim_{\k} \Tor^A_i(\k,\k)_i$, of the linear strand in a (minimal) free resolution of $\k$ over $A$. We use the Cartan-Eilenberg change of rings spectral sequence to relate these numbers to the graded Betti numbers, $b'_{ij}=\dim_{\k} \Tor^E_i(A,\k)_j$, of a (minimal) resolution of $A$ over the exterior algebra $E$. From this analysis, we rec…
In recent papers we have refined a conjecture of Lehrer and Solomon expressing the character of a finite Coxeter group $W$ acting on the $p$th graded component of its Orlik-Solomon algebra as a sum of characters induced from linear characters of centralizers of elements of $W$. Our refined conjecture relates the character above to a component of a decomposition of the regular character of $W$ related to Solomon's descent algebra of $W$. The refined conjecture has been proved for symmetric and dihedral groups, as well as finite Coxeter groups of rank three and four. In this paper, the second in…
In recent papers we have refined a conjecture of Lehrer and Solomon expressing the characters of a finite Coxeter group $W$ afforded by the homogeneous components of its Orlik-Solomon algebra as sums of characters induced from linear characters of centralizers of elements of $W$. Our refined conjecture also relates the Orlik-Solomon characters above to the terms of a decomposition of the regular character of $W$ related to the descent algebra of $W$. A consequence of our conjecture is that both the regular character of $W$ and the character of the Orlik-Solomon algebra have parallel, graded de…
The $OS$ algebra $A$ of a matroid $M$ is a graded algebra related to the Whitney homology of the lattice of flats of $M$. In case $M$ is the underlying matroid of a hyperplane arrangement \A in $\C^r$, $A$ is isomorphic to the cohomology algebra of the complement $\C^r\setminus \bigcup \A.$ Few examples are known of pairs of arrangements with non-isomorphic matroids but isomorphic $OS$ algebras. In all known examples, the Tutte polynomials are identical, and the complements are homotopy equivalent but not homeomorphic. We construct, for any given simple matroid $M_0$, a pair of infinite famili…
If \A is a complex hyperplane arrangement, with complement X, we show that the Chen ranks of G=π_1(X) are equal to the graded Betti numbers of the linear strand in a minimal, free resolution of the cohomology ring A=H^*(X,\k), viewed as a module over the exterior algebra E on \A: θ_k(G) = \dim_\k Tor^E_{k-1}(A,\k)_k, where \k is a field of characteristic 0, and k\ge 2. The Chen ranks conjecture asserts that, for k sufficiently large, θ_k(G) =(k-1) \sum_{r\ge 1} h_r \binom{r+k-1}{k}, where h_r is the number of r-dimensional components of the projective resonance variety R^1(\A). Our earlier wor…
Given a semisimple complex linear algebraic group $G$ and a lower ideal $I$ in positive roots of $G$, three objects arise: the ideal arrangement $\mathcal{A}_I$, the regular nilpotent Hessenberg variety $\mbox{Hess}(N,I)$, and the regular semisimple Hessenberg variety $\mbox{Hess}(S,I)$. We show that a certain graded ring derived from the logarithmic derivation module of $\mathcal{A}_I$ is isomorphic to $H^*(\mbox{Hess}(N,I))$ and $H^*(\mbox{Hess}(S,I))^W$, the invariants in $H^*(\mbox{Hess}(S,I))$ under an action of the Weyl group $W$ of $G$. This isomorphism is shown for general Lie type, an…
If X is the complement of a hypersurface in P^n, then Kohno showed that the nilpotent completion of the fundamental group is isomorphic to the nilpotent completion of the holonomy Lie algebra of X. When X is the complement of a hyperplane arrangement A, the ranks phi_k of the lower central series quotients of the fundamental group of X are known for isolated examples, and for two special classes: if X is hypersolvable (in which case the quadratic closure of the cohomology ring is Koszul), or if the holonomy Lie algebra decomposes in degree three as a direct product of local components. In this…
The profile of a relational structure R is the function phi_R which counts for every integer n the number, possibly infinite, phi_R(n) of substructures of R induced on the n-element subsets, isomorphic substructures being identified. Several graded algebras can be associated with R in such a way that the profile of R is simply the Hilbert function. An example of such graded algebra is the age algebra introduced by P.~J.~Cameron. In this paper, we give a closer look at this association, particularly when the relational structure R decomposes into finitely many monomorphic components. In this ca…
For a tree $G$, we study the changing behaviors in the homology groups $H_i(B_nG)$ as $n$ varies, where $B_nG := π_1($UConf$_n(G))$. We prove that the ranks of these homologies can be described by a single polynomial for all $n$, and construct this polynomial explicitly in terms of invariants of the tree $G$. To accomplish this we prove that the group $\bigoplus_n H_i(B_nG)$ can be endowed with the structure of a finitely generated graded module over an integral polynomial ring, and further prove that it naturally decomposes as a direct sum of graded shifts of squarefree monomial ideals. Follo…
We introduce a graded Hopf algebra based on the set of parking functions (hence of dimension (n+1)^{n-1} in degree n). This algebra can be embedded into a noncommutative polynomial algebra in infinitely many variables. We determine its structure, and show that it admits natural quotients and subalgebras whose graded components have dimensions respectively given by the Schroder numbers (plane trees), the Catalan numbers, and powers of 3. These smaller algebras are always bialgebras and belong to some family of di- or tri-algebras occuring in the works of Loday and Ronco. Moreover, the fundament…
We study quotients of the Weyl algebra by left ideals whose generators consist of an arbitrary Z^d-graded binomial ideal I along with Euler operators defined by the grading and a parameter in C^d. We determine the parameters for which these D-modules (i) are holonomic (equivalently, regular holonomic, when I is standard-graded); (ii) decompose as direct sums indexed by the primary components of I; and (iii) have holonomic rank greater than the generic rank. In each of these three cases, the parameters in question are precisely those outside of a certain explicitly described affine subspace arr…
We study a graded algebra D=D(L,G) defined by a finite lattice L and a subset G in L, a so-called building set. This algebra is a generalization of the cohomology algebras of hyperplane arrangement compactifications found in work of De Concini and Procesi. Our main result is a representation of D, for an arbitrary atomic lattice L, as the Chow ring of a smooth toric variety that we construct from L and G. We describe this variety both by its fan and geometrically by a series of blowups and orbit removal. Also we find a Groebner basis of the relation ideal of D and a monomial basis of D over Z.
The Eulerian idempotents, first introduced for the symmetric group and later extended to all reflection groups, generate a family of representations called the Eulerian representations that decompose the regular representation. In Type $A$, the Eulerian representations have many elegant but mysterious connections to rings naturally associated with the braid arrangement. In this paper, we unify these results and show that they hold for any reflection group of coincidental type -- that is, $S_{n}$, $B_{n}$, $H_{3}$ or the dihedral group $I_{2}(m)$ -- by giving six characterizations of the Euleri…
