We extend the concept of amenability of a Banach algebra $A$ to the case that there is an extra $\mathfrak A$-module structure on $A$, and show that when $S$ is an inverse semigroup with subsemigroup $E$ of idempotents, then $A=\ell^1(S)$ as a Banach module over $\mathfrak A=\ell^1(E)$ is module amenable iff $S$ is amenable. When $S$ is a discrete group, $\ell^1(E)=\mathbb C$ and this is just the celebrated Johnson's theorem.
In 2005, Abdollahi and Rejali, studied the relations between paradoxical decompositions and configurations for semigroups. In the present paper, we introduce another concept of amenability on semigroups and groups which includes amenability of semigroups and inner-amenability of groups. We have the previous known results to semigroups and groups satisfying this concept.
In this paper, we introduce a weak form of amenability on topological semigroups that we call $φ$-amenability, where $φ$ is a character on a topological semigroup. Some basic properties of this new notion are obtained and by giving some examples, we show that this definition is weaker than the amenability of semigroups. As a noticeable result, for a topological semigroup $S$, it is shown that if $S$ is $φ$-amenable, then $S$ is amenable. Moreover, $φ$-ergodicity for a topological semigroup $S$ is introduced and it is proved that under some conditions on $S$ and a Banach space $X$, $φ$-amenabil…
Amenability and pseudo-amenability of $ \ell^{1}(S,ω) $ is characterized, where $S$ is a left (right) zero semigroup or it is a rectangular band semigroup. The equivalence conditions to amenability of $\ell^{1}(S,ω)$ are provided, where $ S $ is a band semigroup. For a locally compact group $G$, pseudo-amenability of $ \ell^{1}(G,ω) $ is also discussed.
Let $S$ be an inverse semigroup with the set of idempotents $E$. In this paper we define the module super-amenability of a Banach algebra which is a Banach module over another Banach algebra with compatible actions, and show that when $E$ is upward directed and acts on $S$ trivially from left and by multiplication from right, the semigroup algebra $ \ell ^{1}(S)$ is $\ell^{1}(E)$-module super-amenable if and only if an appropriate group homomorphic image of $S$ is finite.
In this paper we study fixed point properties for semitopological semigroup of nonexpansive mappings on a bounded closed convex subset of a Banach space. We also study a Schauder fixed point property for a semitopological semigroup of continuous mappings on a compact convex subset of a separated locally convex space. Such semigroups properly include the class of extremely left amenable semitopological semigroups, the free commutative semigroup on one generator and the bicyclic semigroup $S_1 = < a, b: ab = 1 >$.
Let $S$ be an inverse semigroup with the set of idempotents $E$. We prove that the semigroup algebra $\ell^{1}(S)$ is always $2n$-weakly module amenable as an $\ell^{1}(E)$-module, for any $n\in \mathbb{N}$, where $E$ acts on $S$ trivially from the left and by multiplication from the right.
Let $S$ be an inverse semigroup with an upward directed set of idempotents $E$. In this paper we define the module topological center of second dual of a Banach algebra which is a Banach module over another Banach algebra with compatible actions, and find it for $ \ell ^{1}(S)^{**}$ (as an $\ell^{1}(E)$-module). We also prove that $ \ell ^{1}(S)^{**}$ is $\ell^{1}(E)$-module amenable if and only if an appropriate group homomorphic image of $S$ is finite.
We shall develop two notions of pointwise amenability, namely pointwise Connes amenability and pointwise $w^*$-approximate Connes amenability, for dual Banach algebras which take the $w^*$-topology into account. We shall study these concepts for the Banach sequence algebras $\ell^1(ω)$ and the weighted semigroup algebras $ \ell^{1}(\mathbb{N}_{\wedge},ω)$. For a weight $ω$ on a discrete semigroup $S$, we shall investigate pointwise amenability/Connes amenability of $\ell^1(S,ω)$ in terms of diagonals.
For any finite unital commutative idempotent semigroup S, a unital semilattice, we show how to compute the amenability constant of its semigroup algebra l^1(S), which is always of the form 4n+1. We then show that these give lower bounds to amenability constants of certain Banach algebras graded over semilattices. We show that there is no commutative semilattice with amenability constant between 5 and 9.
In this paper we introduce a new notion of strong pseudo-amenability for Banach algebras. We study strong pseudo-amenability of some Matrix algebras. Using this tool, we characterize strong pseudo-amenability of $\ell^{1}(S)$, provided that $S$ is a uniformly locally finite semigroup. As an application we show that for a Brandt semigroup $S=M^{0}(G,I)$, $\ell^{1}(S)$ is strong pseudo-amenable if and only if $G$ is amenable and $I$ is finite. We give some examples to show the differences of strong pseudo-amenability and other classical notions of amenability.
In this note, we prove that a semigroup $S$ is left amenable if and only if every two nonzero elements of $\ell^1_+(S)$ have a common nonzero right multiple, where $\ell^1_+(S)$ is the positive part of the Banach algebra $\ell^1(S)$, or equivalently the semiring of finite measures on $S$. This characterization of amenability is new even for groups.
A common fixed point property for semigroups is applied to show that the group algebra $L^1(G)$ of a locally compact group $G$ is $2m$-weakly amenable for each integer $m\geq 1$.
We investigate the notion of Connes-amenability for dual Banach algebras, as introduced by Runde, for bidual algebras and weighted semigroup algebras. We provide some simplifications to the notion of a $σWC$-virtual diagonal, as introduced by Runde, especially in the case of the bidual of an Arens regular Banach algebra. We apply these results to discrete, weighted, weakly cancellative semigroup algebras, showing that these behave in the same way as C$^*$-algebras with regards Connes-amenability of the bidual algebra. We also show that for each one of these cancellative semigroup algebras $l^1…
We prove that if an infinite, discrete semigroup has the property that every right syndetic set is left syndetic, then the semigroup has a left invariant mean. We prove that the weak*-closed convex hull of the two-sided translates of every bounded function on an infinite discrete semigroup contains a constant function. Our proofs use the algebraic properties of the Stone-Cech compactification.
For Banach left and right module actions, we will establish the relationships between topological centers of module actions with some result in the weak amenability of Banach algebras.
We show that the Liouville property and Reiter's condition are equivalent for semigroupoids. This result applies to semigroups as well as semigroup actions. In the special case of measured groupoids and locally compact groupoids, our result proves Kaimanovich's conjecture of the equivalence of amenability and the Liouville property.
The notions of module pseudo-amenable and module pseudo-contractible Banach algebras are introduced. For a Banach algebra with bounded approximate identity, module pseudo-amenability and module approximate amenability are the same properties. It is given a complete characterization of module pseudo-amenability for a Banach algebra. For every inverse semigroup $S$ with subsemigroup $E$ of idempotents, necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for the $\ell^1(S)$ and its second dual to be $\ell^1(E)$-module pseudo-amenable.
In the present paper, the concepts of module (uniform) approximate amenability and contractibility of Banach algebras that are modules over another Banach algebra, are introduced. The general theory is developed and some hereditary properties are given. In analogy with the Banach algebraic approximate amenability, it is shown that module approximate amenability and contractibility are the same properties. It is also shown that module uniform approximate (contractibility) amenability and module (contractibility, respectively) amenability for commutative Banach modules are equivalent. Applying t…
In this paper, we study the hereditary properties of module $(ϕ,φ)$-amenability on Banach algebras. We also define the concept of module character contractibility for Banach algebras and obtain characterizations of module character contractible Banach algebras in terms of the existence of module $(ϕ,φ)$-diagonals. We introduce module approximately character amenable Banach algebras. Finally, for every inverse semigroup $S$ with subsemigroup $E$ of idempotents, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for the $\ell^1(S)$ and its second dual to be module approximate character amenable (as a $…
We analyze the dichotomy amenable/paradoxical in the context of (discrete, countable, unital) semigroups and corresponding semigroup rings. We consider also Følner's type characterizations of amenability and give an example of a semigroup whose semigroup ring is algebraically amenable but has no Følner sequence. In the context of inverse semigroups $S$ we give a characterization of invariant measures on $S$ (in the sense of Day) in terms of two notions: $domain$ $measurability$ and $localization$. Given a unital representation of $S$ in terms of partial bijections on some set $X$ we define a n…
Let $\mathcal A$, $\mathcal B$ be Banach $\mathfrak A$-modules with compatible actions and $\mathcal M$ be a left Banach $\mathcal A$-$\mathfrak A$-module and a right Banach $\mathcal B$-$\mathfrak A$-module. In the current paper, we study module amenability, $n$-weak module amenability and module Arens regularity of the triangular Banach algebra $\mathcal T=[ {cc} \mathcal A & \mathcal M & \mathcal B ]$ (as an $\mathfrak T:=\Big{[ {cc} α& & α ] | α\in\mathfrak A\Big}$-module). We employ these results to prove that for an inverse semigroup $S$ with subsemigroup $E$ of idempotents, the triangul…
In this paper we present a fixed point property for amenable hypergroups which is analogous to Rickert's fixed point theorem for semigroups. It equates the existence of a left invariant mean on the space of weakly right uniformly continuous functions to the existence of a fixed point for any action of the hypergroup. Using this fixed point property, a certain class of hypergroups are shown to have a left Haar measure.
Let $A$ and $X$ be Banach algebras and let $X$ be an algebraic Banach $A-$module. Then the $\ell^1-$direct sum $A\times X$ equipped with the multiplication $$(a,x)(b,y)=(ab, ay+xb+xy)\quad (a,b\in A, x,y\in X)$$ is a Banach algebra, denoted by $A\bowtie X$, which will be called "\textit{a generalized module extension Banach algebra}". Module extension algebras, Lau product and also the direct sum of Banach algebras are the main examples satisfying this framework. We characterize the structure of $n-$dual valued ($n\in\mathbb N)$) derivations on $A\bowtie X$ from which we investigate the $n-$we…
Motivated by a result of Ky Fan in 1965, we establish a characterization of a left amenable F-algebra (which includes the group algebra and the Fourier algebra of a locally compact group and quantum group algebras, or more generally the predual algebra of a Hopf von Neumann algebra) in terms of a finite dimensional invariant subspace property. This is done by first revealing a fixed point property for the semigroup of norm one positive linear func- tionals in the algebra. Our result answers an open question posted in Tokyo in 1993 by the first author (see [25, Problem 5]). We also show that th…
In this paper, we investigate the notion of approximate biprojectivity for semigroup algebras and for some Banach algebras related to semigroup algebras. We show that $\ell^{1}(S)$ is approximately biprojective if and only if $\ell^{1}(S)$ is biprojective, provided that $S$ is a uniformly locally finite inverse semigroup. Also for a Clifford semigroup $S$, we show that approximate biprojectivity $\ell^{1}(S)^{**}$ gives pseudo amenability of $\ell^{1}(S)$. We give a class of Banach algebras related to semigroup algebras which is not approximately biprojective.
The aim of this work is to generalize Johnson's techniques in order to apply them to establish a bijective correspondence between $S$-derivations and continuous derivations on $M_a(S,ω),$ where $S$ is a locally compact foundation semigroup with identity $e$, and $ω$ is a weight function on $S$, and apply it to find a necessary condition for amenability of weighted group algebras.
In this paper we study the Connes amenability of the second dual of Arens regular Banach algebras. Of course we provide a partial answer to the question posed by Volker Runde. Also we fined the necessary and sufficient conditions for the second dual of an Arens regular module extension Banach algebra to be Connes amenable when the module is reflexive.
In this paper, we introduce the new notion of strong pseudo-Connes amenability for dual Banach algebras. We study the relation between this new notion to the various notions of Connes amenability. Also we show that for every non-empty set $I$, $M_I(\mathbb{C})$ is strong pseudo-Connes amenable if and only if $I$ is finite. We provide some examples of certain dual Banach algebras and we study its strong pseudo-Connes amenability. In the last section, we investigate the property ultra central approximate identity for a Banach algebra $\mathcal{A}$ and its second dual $\mathcal{A}^{**}$. Also we …
We introduce a notion of a topologically flat locally convex module, which extends the notion of a flat Banach module and which is well adapted to the nonmetrizable setting (and especially to the setting of DF-modules). By using this notion, we introduce topologically amenable locally convex algebras and we show that a complete barrelled DF-algebra is topologically amenable if and only if it is Johnson amenable, extending thereby Helemskii-Sheinberg's criterion for Banach algebras. As an application, we completely characterize topologically amenable Köthe co-echelon algebras.
Character inner amenability for certain class of Banach algebras consist of projective tensor product $A\hat{\otimes}B$, Lau product $A\times_θB$ and module extension $A\oplus X$ are investigated. Some illuminating examples are also included.
We continue the investigation of notions of approximate amenability that were introduced in work of the second and third authors. It is shown that every boundedly approximately contractible Banach algebra has a bounded approximate identity. Among our other results, it is shown that the Fourier algebra of the free group on two generators is not approximately amenable. Further examples are obtained of ${\ell}^1$-semigroup algebras which are approximately amenable but not amenable; using these, we show that bounded approximate amenability need not imply sequential approximate amenability. Results…
Let $\mathcal A$ be a Banach algebra. Using the concept of module biflatness, we show that the module amenability of the second dual $\mathcal A^{**}$ (with the first Arens product) necessitates the module amenability of $\mathcal A$. We give some examples of Banach algebras $\mathcal A$ such that $\mathcal A^{**}$ are module biflat, but which are not themselves module biflat.
In this paper we introduce the notion of $Δ$-weak character amenable Banach algebras and investigate $Δ$-weak character amenability of certain Banach algebras such as projective tensor product $A\widehat{\otimes}B$, Lau product $A\times_TB$ for every Banach algebra $ A$ and $B$, where $T$ be a homomorphism from $B$ into $A$, abstract Segal algebras and module extension Banach algebras.
Let G be a locally compact group, and let 1 < p < \infty. In this paper we investigate the injectivity of the left L^1(G)-module L^p(G). We define a family of amenability type conditions called (p,q)-amenability, for any 1 <= p <= q. For a general locally compact group G we show if L^p(G) is injective, then G must be (p,p)-amenable. For a discrete group G we prove that l^p(G) is injective if and only if G is (p,p)-amenable.
In this paper, we apply the theory of algebraic cohomology to study the amenability of Thompson's group $\mathcal{F}$. We introduce the notion of unique factorization semigroup which contains Thompson's semigroup $\mathcal{S}$ and the free semigroup $\mathcal{F}_n$ on $n$ generators ($\geq2$). Let $\mathfrak{B}(\mathcal{S})$ and $\mathfrak{B}(\mathcal{F}_n)$ be the Banach algebras generated by the left regular representations of $\mathcal{S}$ and $\mathcal{F}_n$, respectively. It is proved that all derivations on $\mathfrak{B}(\mathcal{S})$ and $\mathfrak{B}(\mathcal{F}_n)$ are automatically c…
In this paper, we countinue our work in \cite{11}. We show that $L^{1}(G,w)$ is $ϕ_{0}$-biprojective if and only if $G$ is compact, where $ϕ_{0}$ is the augmentation character. We introduce the notions of character Johnson amenability and character Johnson contractibility for Banach algebras. We show that $\ell^{1}(S)$ is pseudo-amenable if and only if $\ell^{1}(S)$ is character Johnson-amenable, provided that $S$ is a uniformly locally finite band semigroup. We give some conditions whether $ϕ$-biprojectivity ($ϕ$-biflatness) of $\ell^{1}(S)$ implies the finiteness (amenability) of $S$, respec…
Building on our previous work, we study the non-relative homology of quantum group convolution algebras. Our main result establishes the equivalence of amenability of a locally compact quantum group $\mathbb{G}$ and 1-injectivity of $L^{\infty}(\widehat{\mathbb{G}})$ as an operator $L^1(\widehat{\mathbb{G}})$-module. In particular, a locally compact group $G$ is amenable if and only if its group von Neumann algebra $VN(G)$ is 1-injective as an operator module over the Fourier algebra $A(G)$. As an application, we provide a decomposability result for completely bounded $L^1(\widehat{\mathbb{G}}…
We characterize amenability of subspaces of $C(S)$, where $S$ is a semitopological semigroup, in terms of fixed point properties of nonexpansive actions. In particular, we give a complete characterization of a semitopological semigroup with a left invariant mean on WAP(S) that answers a question of A.T.-M. Lau and Y. Zhang in the affirmative. We also propose a new approach to Lau's problem concerning a counterpart of Day-Mitchell's characterization of amenable semigroups and show some partial results, in the case of weak$^{\ast }$ compact convex sets with the Radon-Nikodým property, and in the…
For an inverse semigroup S with the set of idempotents E and a minimal idempotent, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for the Fourier algebra A(S) to be module amenable, module character amenable, module (operator) biflat, or module (operator) biprojective.
We prove that for every group $G$ and any two sets $I,J$, the Brandt semigroup algebras $\ell(B(I,G))$ and $\ell(B(J,G))$ are Morita equivalent with respect to the Morita theory of self-induced Banach algebras introduced by Gronbaek. As applications, we show that if $G$ is an amenable group, then for a wide class of Banach $\ell(B(I,G))$-bimodules $E$, and every $n>0$, the bounded Hochschild cohomology groups $H^n(\ell(B(I,G)),E^*)$ are trivial, and also, the notion of approximate amenability is not Morita invariant.
In this paper we define the module extension dual Banach algebras and we use this Banach algebras to finding the relationship between $weak^*-$continuous homomorphisms of dual Banach algebras and Connes-amenability. So we study the $weak^*-$continuous derivations on module extension dual Banach algebras.
In this paper, we first study some properties peculiar to $C_{0}$--semigroups of continuous module homomorphisms and give a characterization for such a $C_{0}$--semigroup to be almost surely bounded. Then, based on these, we establish the Hille-Yosida generation theorem for almost surely bounded $C_{0}$--semigroups of continuous module homomorphisms, which generalizes some known results. Moreover, the counterexample constructed in this paper also shows that it is necessary to require the almost sure boundedness for such $C_{0}$--semigroups.
Let $B$ be a Banach $A-bimodule$. We introduce the weak topological centers of left module action and we show it by $\tilde{Z}^\ell_{B^{**}}(A^{**})$. For a compact group, we show that $L^1(G)=\tilde{Z}_{M(G)^{**}}^\ell(L^1(G)^{**})$ and on the other hand we have $\tilde{Z}_1^\ell{(c_0^{**})}\neq c_0^{**}$. Thus the weak topological centers are different with topological centers of left or right module actions. In this manuscript, we investigate the relationships between two concepts with some conclusions in Banach algebras. We also have some application of this new concept and topological cen…
We study the relation between module and Hochschild cohomology groups of Banach algebras with a compatible module structure. More precisely, we show that for every commutative Banach $ \mathcal{A} $-$ \mathfrak{A}$-bimodule $ X $ and every $ k \in \mathbb{N}$, the seminormed spaces $ \mathcal{H}^{k}_{\mathfrak{A}} (\mathcal{A},X^*)$ and $ \mathcal{H}^k (\frac{\mathcal{A}}{J}, X^*) $ are isomorphic, where $ J $ is the closed ideal of $ \mathcal{A} $ generated by the elements of the form $ a (α\cdot b)-(a\cdot α)b$ with $ a,b \in \mathcal{A} $ and $α\in \mathfrak{A}. $ As an example, we calculat…
Given a locally compact quantum group $\mathbb{G}$ and a closed quantum subgroup $\mathbb{H}$, we show that $\mathbb{G}$ is amenable if and only if $\mathbb{H}$ is amenable and $\mathbb{G}$ acts amenably on the quantum homogenous space $\mathbb{G}/\mathbb{H}$. We also study the existence of $L^1(\widehat{\mathbb{G}})$-module projections from $L^{\infty}(\widehat{\mathbb{G}})$ onto $L^{\infty}(\widehat{\mathbb{H}})$.
Let $A$ be a Banach algebra and $A^{**}$ be the second dual of it. We define $\tilde{Z}_1(A^{**})$ as a weak topological center of $A^{**}$ with respect to first Arens product and find some relations between it and the topological center of $A^{**}$. We also extend this new definition into module actions and find relationship between weak topological center of module actions and reflexivity or Arens regularity of some Banach algebras, and we investigate some applications of this new definition in the weak amenability of some Banach algebras.
Let $A$ be a Banach algebra and $A^{**}$ be the second dual of it. We define $\tilde{Z}_1(A^{**})$ as a weak topological center of $A^{**}$ with respect to first Arens product and find some relations between it and the topological center of $A^{**}$. We also extend this new definition into the module actions and find relationship between weak topological center of module actions and reflexivity or Arens regularity of some Banach algebras, and we investigate some applications of this new definition in the weak amenability of some Banach algebras.
In this paper, we investigate the notion $ϕ$-injectivity for Banach $A$-modules, where $ϕ$ is a character on $A.$ We obtain some hereditary properties of $ϕ$-injectivity for certain classes of Banach modules related to closed ideals. These results allow us to study $ϕ$-injectivity of certain Banach $A$-modules in commutative case, specially $\ell^{1}$-semilattice algebras. As an application, we give an example of a non-injective Banach module which is $ϕ$-injective for each character $ϕ.$
Let $A$ be a Banach algebra and $A^{**}$ be the second dual of it. We define $\tilde{Z}_1(A^{**})$ as a weak topological center of $A^{**}$ with respect to first Arens product and we will find some relations between this concept and the topological center of $A^{**}$. We also extend this new definition into the module actions and find relationship between weak topological center of module actions and reflexivity or Arens regularity of some Banach algebras, and we investigate some applications of this new definition in the weak amenability of some Banach algebras.
In this paper we define module biprojctivity and module biflatness for a Banach algebra which is a Banach module over another Banach algebra with compatible actions, and find their relation to classical biprojectivity and biflatness. As a typical example, We show that for an inverse semigroup $S$ with an upward directed set of idempotents $E$, the semigroup algebra $ \ell ^{1}(S)$, as an $\ell ^{1}(E)$-module, is module biprojective if and only if an appropriate group homomorphic image of $S$ is finite. Also we show that $\ell ^{1}(S)$ is module biflat if and only if $S$ is amenable.
We give a combinatorial characterization of amenability of monomial algebras and prove the existence of monomial Folner sequences, answering a question due to Ceccherini-Silberstein and Samet-Vaillant. We then use our characterization to prove that over projectively simple monomial algebras, every module is exhaustively amenable; we conclude that convolution algebras of minimal subshifts admit the same property. We deduce that any minimal subshift of positive entropy gives rise to a graded algebra which does not satisfy an extension of Vershik's conjecture on amenable groups, proposed by Barth…
We show that pure strongly continuous semigroups of adjointable isometries on a Hilbert C*-module are standard right shifts. By counter examples, we illustrate that the analogy of this result with the classical result on Hilbert spaces by Sz.-Nagy, cannot be improved further to understand arbitrary isometry semigroups of isometries in the classical way.
Let $A$ be a simple C*-algebra of stable rank one and let $p$ and $q$ be two $σ$-compact open projections. It is proved that there is a continuous path of unitaries in ${\tilde A}$ which connects open sub-projections of $p$ which is compactly contained in $p$ to those in $q.$ It is also shown that every Hilbert module is projective in the category whose morphisms are bounded module maps with adjoints. A discussion of projective Hilbert modules (whose morphisms are bounded module maps) is also given.
In this paper we introduce the notion of slice regular right linear semigroup in a quaternionic Banach space. It is an operatorial function which is slice regular (a noncommutative counterpart of analyticity) and which satisfies a noncommutative semigroup law characterizing the exponential function in an infinite dimensional noncommutative setting. We prove that a right linear operator semigroup in a quaternionic Banach space is slice regular if and only if its generator is spherical sectorial. This result provides a connection between the slice regularity and the noncommutative semigroups the…
In this paper we will study the homological properties of various natural modules associated to the Fourier algebra of a locally compact group. In particular, we will focus on the question of identifying when such modules will be projective in the category of operator spaces. We will show that projectivity often implies that the underlying group is discrete and give evidence to show that amenability also plays an important role.
