Absolutely Graded Floer homologies and intersection forms for four-manifolds with boundary
Peter S Ozsvath, Zoltan Szabo
备注：
Corrected references in the lens space surgeries section. Also, strengthened the statement of lens space surgeries theorem (Theorem 7.2). See also the table added to the end of the paper. 80 pages, 9 figures
In an earlier paper (math.SG/0110169), we introduced absolute gradings on the three-manifold invariants developed in math.SG/0101206 and math.SG/0105202. Coupled with the surgery long exact sequences, we obtain a number of three- and four-dimensional applications of this absolute grading including strengthenings of the ``complexity bounds'' (from math.SG/0101206), restrictions on knots whose surgeries give rise to lens spaces, and calculations of $\HFp$ for a variety of three-manifolds. Moreover, we show how the structure of $\HFp$ constrains the exoticness of definite intersection forms for smooth four-manifolds which bound a given three-manifold. In addition to these new applications, the techniques also provide alternate proofs of Donaldson's diagonalizability theorem and the Thom conjecture for $\CP{2}$.
Given a contact structure on a closed, oriented three-manifold $Y$, we describe an invariant which takes values in the three-manifold's Floer homology $\HFa$. This invariant vanishes for overtwisted contact structures and is non-zero for Stein fillable ones. The construction uses of Giroux's interpretation of contact structures in terms of open book decompositions, and the knot Floer homologies introduced in math.GT/0209056.
Quasi-alternating links are a natural generalization of alternating links. In this paper, we show that quasi-alternating links are "homologically thin" for both Khovanov homology and knot Floer homology. In particular, their bigraded homology groups are determined by the signature of the link, together with the Euler characteristic of the respective homology (i.e. the Jones or the Alexander polynomial). The proofs use the exact triangles relating the homology of a link with the homologies of its two resolutions at a crossing.
We show that an infinite family of contractible 4-manifolds have the same boundary as a special type of plumbing. Consequently their Ozsvath--Szabo invariants can be calculated algorithmically. We run this algorithm for the first few members of the family and list the resulting Heegaard--Floer homologies. We also show that the rank of the Heegaard--Floer homology can get arbitrary large values in this family by using its relation with the Casson invariant. For comparison, we list the ranks of Floer homologies of all the examples of Briekorn spheres that are known to bound contractible manifold…
Floer homology is a good example of homological invariants living in the infinite dimension. We suggest a way to construct this kind of invariants using only soft essentially finite-dimensional tools; no hard analysis or PDE is involved. This work is partially inspired by the M. Gromov's survey ``Soft and hard symplectic geometry'' at ICM-86.
Generalizing our ideas in [arXiv:1006.3313], we explain how topologically-twisted N=2 gauge theory on a four-manifold with boundary, will allow us to furnish purely physical proofs of (i) the Atiyah-Floer conjecture, (ii) Munoz's theorem relating quantum and instanton Floer cohomology, (iii) their monopole counterparts, and (iv) their higher rank generalizations. In the case where the boundary is a Seifert manifold, one can also relate its instanton Floer homology to modules of an affine algebra via a 2d A-model with target the based loop group. As an offshoot, we will be able to demonstrate a…
Floer invented his theory in the mid eighties in order to prove the Arnol'd conjectures on the number of fixed point of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms and Lagrangian intersections. Over the last thirty years, many versions of Floer homology have been constructed. In symplectic and contact dynamics and geometry they have become a principal tool, with applications that go far beyond the Arnol'd conjectures: The proof of the Conley conjecture and of many instances of the Weinstein conjecture, rigidity results on Lagrangian submanifolds and on the group of symplectomorphisms, lower bounds for the top…
This is an expansion on my talk at the Geometry and Topology conference at McMaster University, May 2004. We outline a program to relate the Heegaard Floer homologies of Ozsvath-Szabo, and Seiberg-Witten-Floer homologies as defined by Kronheimer-Mrowka. The center-piece of this program is the construction of an intermediate version of Floer theory, which exhibits characteristics of both theories.
Given a crossing in a planar diagram of a link in the three-sphere, we show that the knot Floer homologies of the link and its two resolutions at that crossing are related by an exact triangle. As a consequence, we deduce that for any quasi-alternating knot, the total rank of its knot Floer homology is equal to the determinant of the knot.
In a previous paper, Sarkar and the third author gave a combinatorial description of the hat version of Heegaard Floer homology for three-manifolds. Given a cobordism between two connected three-manifolds, there is an induced map between their Heegaard Floer homologies. Assume that the first homology group of each boundary component surjects onto the first homology group of the cobordism (modulo torsion). Under this assumption, we present a procedure for finding the rank of the induced Heegaard Floer map combinatorially, in the hat version.
In arXiv:1611.09927, we constructed a well-defined Lagrangian Floer invariant for any closed, oriented $3$-manifold $Y$ via the symplectic geometry of so-called traceless $\mathrm{SU}(2)$-character varieties. This invariant, $\mathrm{SI}(Y)$, which we refer to as the symplectic instanton homology of $Y$, was also shown to satisfy an exact triangle for Dehn surgeries on knots which is typical of Floer-theoretic invariants of $3$-manifolds. In this article, we demonstrate further structural properties of this symplectic instanton homology. For example, Floer theories are expected to roughly sati…
Symplectic instanton homology is an invariant for closed oriented three-manifolds, defined by Manolescu and Woodward, which conjecturally corresponds to a symplectic version of a variant of Floer's instanton homology. In this thesis we study the behaviour of this invariant under connected sum, Dehn surgery, and four-dimensional cobordisms. We prove a Künneth-type formula for the connected sum : let $Y$ and $Y'$ be two closed oriented three-manifolds, we show that the symplectic instanton homology of their connected sum is isomorphic to the direct sum of the tensor product of their symplectic i…
We calculate the Heegaard Floer homologies for three-manifolds obtained by plumbings of spheres specified by certain graphs. Our class of graphs is sufficiently large to describe, for example, all Seifert fibered rational homology spheres. These calculations can be used to determine also these groups for other three-manifolds, including the product of a circle with a genus two surface.
Since its inception, Floer homology has been an important tool in low-dimensional topology. Floer theoretic invariants of $3$-manifolds tend to be either gauge theoretic or symplecto-geometric in nature, and there is a general philosophy that each gauge theoretic Floer homology should have a corresponding symplectic Floer homology and vice-versa. In this article, we construct a Lagrangian Floer invariant for any closed, oriented $3$-manifold $Y$ (called the symplectic instanton homology of $Y$ and denoted $\mathrm{SI}(Y)$) which is conjecturally equivalent to a Floer homology defined using a c…
We define a Floer-homology invariant for knots in an oriented three-manifold, closely related to the holomorphic disk Floer homologies for three-manifolds defined in an earlier paper. We set up basic properties of these invariants, including an Euler characteristic calculation, behaviour under connected sums. Then, we establish a relationship with $HF^+$ for surgeries along the knot. Applications include calculation of $HF^+$ of three-manifolds obtained by surgeries on some special knots in $S^3$, and also calculation of $HF^+$ for certain simple three-manifolds which fiber over the circle.
This paper is concerned with the rational symplectic field theory in the Floer case. For this observe that in the general geometric setup for symplectic field theory the contact manifolds can be replaced by mapping tori of symplectic manifolds with symplectomorphisms. While the cylindrical contact homology is given by the Floer homologies of powers of the symplectomorphism, the other algebraic invariants of symplectic field theory provide natural generalizations of symplectic Floer homology. For symplectically aspherical manifolds and Hamiltonian symplectomorphisms we study the moduli spaces o…
We continue our program initiated in [arXiv:0912.4261] to consider supersymmetric surface operators in a topologically-twisted N=2 pure SU(2) gauge theory, and apply them to the study of four-manifolds and related invariants. Elegant physical proofs of various seminal theorems in four-manifold theory obtained by Ozsvath-Szabo [2,3] and Taubes [4], will be furnished. In particular, we will show that Taubes' groundbreaking and difficult result -- that the ordinary Seiberg-Witten invariants are in fact the Gromov invariants which count pseudo-holomorphic curves embedded in a symplectic four-manif…
In a previous paper, we showed that the original definition of cylindrical contact homology, with rational coefficients, is valid on a closed three-manifold with a dynamically convex contact form. However we did not show that this cylindrical contact homology is an invariant of the contact structure. In the present paper, we define "nonequivariant contact homology" and "S^1-equivariant contact homology", both with integer coefficients, for a contact form on a closed manifold in any dimension with no contractible Reeb orbits. We prove that these contact homologies depend only on the contact str…
