13 pages. AmSTeX file. Final accepted version. To appear in Symbolic Computation, Number Theory,Special Functions, Physics and Combinatorics, F. Garvan and M. Ismail, Eds., Developments in Mathematics, Kluwer Academic Publishers, (2001)
发表信息：
in vol. 4 of Developments in Mathematics, Kluwer Academic Pub., Dordrecht, 2001, pp. 171--188.
In this paper we prove Garvan's conjectured formula for the square of the modular discriminant $Δ$ as a 3 by 3 Hankel determinant of classical Eisenstein series $E_{2n}$. We then obtain similar formulas involving minors of Hankel determinants for $E_{2r}Δ^m$, for $m=1,2,3$ and $r=2,3,4,5,7$, and $E_{14}Δ^4$. We next use Mathematica to discover, and then the standard structure theory of the ring of modular forms, to derive the general form of our infinite family of formulas extending the classical formula for $Δ$ and Garvan's formula for $Δ^2$. This general formula expresses the $n\times n$ Hankel determinant $\det(E_{2(i+j)}(q))_{1\leq i,j\leq n}$ as the product of $Δ^{n-1}(τ)$, a homogeneous polynomial in $E_4^3$ and $E_6^2$, and if needed, $E_4$. We also include a simple verification proof of the classical 2 by 2 Hankel determinant formula for $Δ$. This proof depends upon polynomial properties of elliptic function parameters from Jacobi's Fundamenta Nova. The modular forms approach provides a convenient explanation for the determinant identities in this paper.
We study the asymptotics of Hankel determinants constructed using the values $ζ(an+b)$ of the Riemann zeta function at positive integers in an arithmetic progression. Our principal result is a Diophantine application of the asymptotics.
Using continued fraction expansions of certain polygamma functions as a main tool, we find orthogonal polynomials with respect to the odd-index Bernoulli polynomials $B_{2k+1}(x)$ and the Euler polynomials $E_{2k+ν}(x)$, for $ν=0, 1, 2$. In the process we also determine the corresponding Jacobi continued fractions (or J-fractions) and Hankel determinants. In all these cases the Hankel determinants are polynomials in $x$ which factor completely over the rationals.
In this paper we introduce a class of determinants "of Hankel type". We use them to compute certain remarkable families of Drinfeld quasi-modular forms.
Hankel determinants of sequences related to Bernoulli and Euler numbers have been studied before, and numerous identities are known. However, when a sequence is shifted by one unit, the situation often changes significantly. In this paper we use classical orthogonal polynomials and related methods to prove a general result concerning Hankel determinants for shifted sequences. We then apply this result to obtain new Hankel determinant evaluations for a total of $13$ sequences related to Bernoulli and Euler numbers, one of which concerns Euler polynomials.
We obtain the explicit evaluations of the Hankel determinants of the formal power series $\prod_{k\geq 0}(1+Jx^{3^{k}})$ where $J={(\sqrt{-3}-1)}/2$, and prove that the sequence of Hankel determinants is an aperiodic automatic sequence taking value in $\{0, \pm 1, \pm J, \pm J^2\}$. This research is essentially inspired by the works about Hankel determinants of Thue--Morse-like sequences by Allouche, Peyrière, Wen and Wen (1998), Bacher (2006) and the first author (2013).
We consider Hankel determinants of the sequence of Catalan numbers modulo 2 (interpreted as integers 0 and 1) and more generally Hankel determinants where the sum over all permutations reduces to a single signed permutation.
An infinite $\pm 1$-sequence is called {\it Apwenian} if its Hankel determinant of order $n$ divided by $2^{n-1}$ is an odd number for every positive integer $n$. In 1998, Allouche, Peyrière, Wen and Wen discovered and proved that the Thue--Morse sequence is an Apwenian sequence by direct determinant manipulations. Recently, Bugeaud and Han re-proved the latter result by means of an appropriate combinatorial method. By significantly improving the combinatorial method, we prove that several other Apwenian sequences related to the Hankel determinants with Computer Assistance.
In the paper, we give the recurrent equations of the Hankel determinants of the Cantor sequence, and show that the Hankel determinants as a double sequence is 3-automatic. With the help of the Hankel determinants, we prove that the irrationality exponent of the Cantor number, i.e. the transcendental number with Cantor sequence as its b-ary expansion, equals 2.
The Euler numbers occur in the Taylor expansion of $\tan(x)+\sec(x)$. Since Stieltjes, continued fractions and Hankel determinants of the even Euler numbers, on the one hand, of the odd Euler numbers, on the other hand, have been widely studied separately. However, no Hankel determinants of the (mixed) Euler numbers have been obtained and explicitly calculated. The reason for that is that some Hankel determinants of the Euler numbers are null. This implies that the Jacobi continued fraction of the Euler numbers does not exist. In the present paper, this obstacle is bypassed by using the Hankel…
The Hankel determinants of certain automatic sequences $f$ are evaluated, based on a calculation modulo a prime number. In most cases, the Hankel determinants of automatic sequences do not have any closed-form expressions; the traditional methods, such as $LU$-decompo\-si\-tion and Jacobi continued fraction, cannot be applied directly. Our method is based on a simple idea: the Hankel determinants of each sequence $g$ equal to $f$ modulo $p$ are equal to the Hankel determinants of $f$ modulo $p$. The clue then consists of finding a nice sequence $g$, whose Hankel determinants have closed-form e…
We evaluate the Hankel determinants of various sequences related to Bernoulli and Euler numbers and special values of the corresponding polynomials. Some of these results arise as special cases of Hankel determinants of certain sums and differences of Bernoulli and Euler polynomials, while others are consequences of a method that uses the derivatives of Bernoulli and Euler polynomials. We also obtain Hankel determinants for sequences of sums and differences of powers and for generalized Bernoulli polynomials belonging to certain Dirichlet characters with small conductors. Finally, we collect a…
We derive a general expression for the Hankel determinants of a Dirichlet series F(s) and derive the asymptotic behavior for the special case that F(s) is the Riemann zeta function. In this case the Hankel determinant is a discrete analogue of the Selberg integral and can be viewed as a matrix integral with discrete measure. We briefly comment on its relation to Plancherel measures.
In 1998, Allouche, Peyrière, Wen and Wen established that the Hankel determinants associated with the Thue--Morse sequence on $\{-1, 1\}$ are always nonzero. Their proof depends on a set of sixteen recurrence relations. We present an alternative, purely combinatorial proof of the same result. We also re-prove a recent result of Coons on the non-vanishing of the Hankel determinants associated to two other classical integer sequences.
In 1998, Allouche, Peyrière, Wen and Wen considered the Thue--Morse sequence, and proved that all the Hankel determinants of the period-doubling sequence are odd integral numbers. We speak of $t$-extension when the entries along the diagonal in the Hankel determinant are all multiplied by~$t$. Then we prove that the $t$-extension of each Hankel determinant of the period-doubling sequence is a polynomial in $t$, whose leading coefficient is the {\it only one} to be an odd integral number. Our proof makes use of the combinatorial set-up developed by Bugeaud and Han, which appears to be very suit…
We calculate the Hankel determinants of sequences of Bernoulli polynomials. This corresponding Hankel matrix comes from statistically estimating the variance in nonparametric regression. Besides its entries' natural and deep connection with Bernoulli polynomials, a special case of the matrix can be constructed from a corresponding Vandermonde matrix. As a result, instead of asymptotic analysis, we give a direct proof of calculating an entry of its inverse.
The Hankel determinants of a given power series $f$ can be evaluated by using the Jacobi continued fraction expansion of $f$. However the existence of the Jacobi continued fraction needs that all Hankel determinants of $f$ are nonzero. We introduce {\it Hankel continued fraction}, whose existene and unicity are guaranteed without any condition for the power series $f$. The Hankel determinants can also be evaluated by using the Hankel continued fraction. It is well known that the continued fraction expansion of a quadratic irrational number is ultimately periodic. We prove a similar result for …
Define the monomials $e_n(x) := x^n$ and let $L$ be a linear functional. In this paper we describe a method which, under specified conditions, produces approximations for the value $L(e_0 )$ in terms of Hankel determinants constructed from the values $L(e_1 )$, $L(e_2 )$, . . . . Many constants of mathematical interest can be expressed as the values of integrals. Examples include the Euler-Mascheroni constant $γ$, the Euler-Gompertz constant $δ$, and the Riemann-zeta constants $ζ(k)$ for $k \ge 2$. In many cases we can use the integral representation for the constant to construct a linear func…
Following van der Poorten, we consider a family of nonlinear maps which are generated from the continued fraction expansion of a function on a hyperelliptic curve of genus $\mathrm{g}$. Using the connection with the classical theory of J-fractions and orthogonal polynomials, we show that in the simplest case $\mathrm{g}=1$ this provides a straightforward derivation of Hankel determinant formulae for the terms of a general Somos-4 sequence, which were found in a particular form by Chang, Hu and Xin, We extend these formulae to the higher genus case, and prove that generic Hankel determinants in…
The irrationality exponent of an irrational number $ξ$, which measures the approximation rate of $ξ$ by rationals, is in general extremely difficult to compute explicitly, unless we know the continued fraction expansion of $ξ$. Results obtained so far are rather fragmentary, and often treated case by case. In this work, we shall unify all the known results on the subject by showing that the irrationality exponents of large classes of automatic numbers and Mahler numbers (which are transcendental) are exactly equal to $2$. Our classes contain the Thue--Morse--Mahler numbers, the sum of the reci…
Hankel continued fractions and Hankel determinants for $q$-deformed metallic numbers
Université de Strasbourg（斯特拉斯堡大学）；CNRS, IRMA, UMR 7501（法国国家科学研究中心，数学与计算机科学研究室，联合研究单位7501）；Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne（兰斯香槟-阿登大学）；CNRS, LMR, UMR 9008（法国国家科学研究中心，兰斯数学实验室，联合研究单位9008）
For any sequences $\mathbf{u}=\{u(n)\}_{n\geq0}, \mathbf{v}=\{v(n)\}_{n\geq0},$ we define $\mathbf{u}\mathbf{v}:=\{u(n)v(n)\}_{n\geq0}$ and $\mathbf{u}+\mathbf{v}:=\{u(n)+v(n)\}_{n\geq0}$. Let $f_i(x)~(0\leq i< k)$ be sequence polynomials whose coefficients are integer sequences. We say an integer sequence $\mathbf{u}=\{u(n)\}_{n\geq0}$ is a polynomial generated sequence if $$\{u(kn+i)\}_{n\geq0}=f_i(\mathbf{u}),~(0\leq i< k).$$ %Here we define $\mathbf{u}\mathbf{v}:=\{u(n)v(n)\}_{n\geq0}$ and $\mathbf{u}+\mathbf{v}:=\{u(n)+v(n)\}_{n\geq0}$ for any two sequences $\mathbf{u}=\{u(n)\}_{n\geq0}, …
