We study the higher derived functors of the inverse limit of a functor F: D --> Z_{(p)}-mod, where D is one of the standard categories which arise when studying the homotopy theory of the classifying space of a finite group G, e.g., the orbit category or the Quillen category of G. These higher limits are of importance e.g., for the study of maps between classifying spaces as well as for group cohomology.
We show that these higher limits can be identified with the G-equivariant Bredon cohomology of the subgroup complex of p-subgroups in G (i.e., the nerve of the poset of p-subgroups in G) with values in a G-local coefficient system. We examine when smaller complexes can be used e.g., taking only p-radical subgroups, p-centric subgroups, elementary abelian p-subgroups or various subcollections thereof.
Since the subgroup complexes are finite complexes, and often rather small, this provides concrete, computable formulas for these higher limits, generalizing earlier work of especially Jackowski-McClure-Oliver.
As an application we look at the special case where all the higher limits vanish, as for example is the case for group cohomology. If F is a functor on the orbit category our formulas for the higher limits in this case yield five different expressions of F(G) in terms of values of F on proper subgroups. Two of these are `classical' namely Webb's exact sequence of Mackey functors and a formula for calculating stable elements, previously obtained using Alperin's fusion theorem. Examining this case also leads to improvements of sharpness results of homology decompositions due to Dwyer and others.
Let $G$ be a finite group and $\mathcal{A}_p(G)$ be the poset of nontrivial elementary abelian $p$-subgroups of $G$. Quillen conjectured that $O_p(G)$ is nontrivial if $\mathcal{A}_p(G)$ is contractible. We prove that $O_p(G)\neq 1$ for any group $G$ admitting a $G$-invariant acyclic $p$-subgroup complex of dimension $2$. In particular, it follows that Quillen's conjecture holds for groups of $p$-rank $3$. We also apply this result to establish Quillen's conjecture for some particular groups not considered in the seminal work of Aschbacher--Smith.
We study the fundamental group of the $p$-subgroup complex of a finite group $G$. We show first that $π_1(A_3(A_{10}))$ is not a free group (here $A_{10}$ is the alternating group on $10$ letters). This is the first concrete example in the literature of a $p$-subgroup complex with non-free fundamental group. We prove that, modulo a well-known conjecture of M. Aschbacher, $π_1(A_p(G)) = π_1(A_p(S_G)) * F$, where $F$ is a free group and $π_1(A_p(S_G))$ is free if $S_G$ is not almost simple. Here $S_G = Ω_1(G)/O_{p'}(Ω_1(G))$. This result essentially reduces the study of the fundamental group of …
Let $S_n$ be the symmetric group, and let $Y$ be a Young subgroup of $S_n$. Let $Π_n$ be the complex of partitions of $\{1, \ldots, n\}$. Our main result is a $Y$-equivariant decomposition of $Π_n$. As an application, we obtain new information about the quotient space of $|Π_n|$ by a Young subgroup.
We determine the large scale geometry of the minimal displacement set of a hyperbolic isometry of a systolic complex. As a consequence, we describe the centraliser of such an isometry in a systolic group. Using these results, we construct a low-dimensional classifying space for the family of virtually cyclic subgroups of a group acting properly on a systolic complex. Its dimension coincides with the topological dimension of the complex if the latter is at least four. We show that graphical small cancellation complexes are classifying spaces for proper actions and that the groups acting on them…
We determine the nature of the fixed point sets of groups of order p, acting on complexes of distinguished p-subgroups (those p-subgroups containing p-central elements in their centers). The case when G has parabolic characteristic p is analyzed in detail.
We describe a vanishing result on the cohomology of a cochain complex associated to the moduli of chains of finite subgroup schemes on elliptic curves. These results have applications to algebraic topology, in particular to the study of power operations for Morava E-theory at height 2.
We give a general framework for studying G-CW complexes via the orbit category. As an application we show that the symmetric group G=S_5 admits a finite G-CW complex X homotopy equivalent to a sphere, with cyclic isotropy subgroups.
We consider the action of $p$-toral subgroups of $U(n)$ on the unitary partition complex $\mathcal L_n$. We show that if $H\subseteq U(n)$ is $p$-toral and has noncontractible fixed points on $\mathcal L_n$, then the image of $H$ in the projective unitary group $U(n)/S^{1}$ is an elementary abelian $p$-group.
Given a fibration of simply connected CW complexes of finite type, we study the evaluation subgroup of the fibre inclusion as an invariant of fibre-homotopy type. For spherical fibrations, we show the evaluation subgroup may be expressed as an extension of the Gottlieb group of the fibre sphere provided the classifying map induces the trivial map on homotopy groups. We extend this result after rationalization: We show that the rationalized evaluation subgroup of the fibre inclusion decomposes as the direct sum of the rationalized Gottlieb group of the fibre and the rationalized homotopy group …
Let $f:X\to Y$ be a pointed map between connected CW-complexes. As a generalization of the evaluation subgroup $G_*(Y,X;f)$, we will define the {\it relaxed evaluation subgroup} ${\mathcal G}_*(Y,X;f)$ in the homotopy group $π_*(Y)$ of $Y$, which is identified with ${\rm Im} π_*(\tilde{ev})$ for the evaluation map $\tilde{ev} :map(X,Y;f)\times X\to Y$ given by $\tilde{ev} (h,x)=h(x)$. Especially we see by using Sullivan model in rational homotopy theory for the rationalized map $f_{\Q}$ that ${\mathcal G}_*(Y_{\Q},X_{\Q};f_{\Q})=π_*(Y)\otimes \Q$ if the map $f$ induces an injection of rational…
We generalize the fundamental graph-theoretic notion of chordality for higher dimensional simplicial complexes by putting it into a proper context within homology theory. We generalize some of the classical results of graph chordality to this generality, including the fundamental relation to the Leray property and chordality theorems of Dirac.
Let $\text{Ch}$ be the category of (possibly unbounded) chain complexes of abelian groups. In this note we construct the standard Quillen model structure on $\text{Ch}$, by a method that is somewhat different from the standard one. Essentially, we use a functorial two-stage projective resolution for abelian groups, and build everything directly from that. This has the advantage of being very concrete, explicit and functorial. It does not rely on the small object argument, or make any explicit use of transfinite induction. On the other hand, it is not so conceptual, and it does use the fact tha…
In this paper we show that the cohomology of a connected CW complex is periodic if and only if it is the base space of an orientable spherical fibration with total space that is homotopically finite dimensional. As applications we characterize those discrete groups that act freely and properly on a cartesian product of euclidean space and a sphere; we construct non-standard free actions of rank two simple groups on finite complexes Y homotopy equivalent to a product of two spheres and we prove that a finite p-group P acts freely on such a complex if and only if it does not contain a subgroup i…
In this paper we study the topological structure of moment-angle complexes $\mathcal{Z_K}$. We consider two classes of simplicial complexes. The first class $B_Δ$ consists of simplicial complexes $\mathcal{K}$ for which $\mathcal{Z_K}$ is homotopy equivalent to a wedge spheres. The second class $W_Δ$ consists of $\mathcal{K}\in B_Δ$ such that all spheres in the wedge are realized by iterated higher Whitehead products. Buchstaber and Panov asked if it is true that $B_Δ = W_Δ$. In this paper we show that this is not the case. Namely, we give an example of a simplicial complex whose corresponding…
The Hom-complexes were introduced by Lovasz to study topological obstructions to graph colorings. It was conjectured by Babson and Kozlov, and proved by Cukic and Kozlov, that Hom(G,K_n) is (n-d-2)-connected, where d is the maximal degree of a vertex of G. We give a short proof of the conjecture.
We study the question of realisability of iterated higher Whitehead products with a given form of nested brackets by simplicial complexes, using the notion of the moment-angle complex $Z_K$. Namely, we say that a simplicial complex $K$ realises an iterated higher Whitehead product $w$ if $w$ is a nontrivial element of $π_*(Z_K)$. The combinatorial approach to the question of realisability uses the operation of substitution of simplicial complexes: for any iterated higher Whitehead product $w$ we describe a simplicial complex $\partialΔ_w$ that realises $w$. Furthermore, for a particular form o…
As part of various obstruction theories, non-trivial Massey products have been studied in symplectic and complex geometry, commutative algebra and topology for a long time. We introduce a general approach to constructing non-trivial Massey products in the cohomology of moment-angle complexes, using homotopy theoretical and combinatorial methods. Our approach sets a unifying way of constructing higher Massey products of arbitrary cohomological classes and generalises all existing examples of non-trivial Massey products in moment-angle complexes. As a result, we obtain explicit constructions of …
We outline the main features of the definitions and applications of crossed complexes and cubical $ω$-groupoids with connections. These give forms of higher homotopy groupoids, and new views of basic algebraic topology and the cohomology of groups, with the ability to obtain some non commutative results and compute some homotopy types.
For $r\geq 1$, the $r$-independence complex of a graph $G$ is a simplicial complex whose faces are subset $I \subseteq V(G)$ such that each component of the induced subgraph $G[I]$ has at most $r$ vertices. In this article, we determine the homotopy type of $r$-independence complexes of certain families of graphs including complete $s$-partite graphs, fully whiskered graphs, cycle graphs and perfect $m$-ary trees. In each case, these complexes are either homotopic to a wedge of equi-dimensional spheres or are contractible. We also give a closed form formula for their homotopy types.
Hypergraphs and simplical complexes both capture the higher-order interactions of complex systems, ranging from higher-order collaboration networks to brain networks. One open problem in the field is what should drive the choice of the adopted mathematical framework to describe higher-order networks starting from data of higher-order interactions. Unweighted simplicial complexes typically involve a loss of information of the data, though having the benefit to capture the higher-order topology of the data. In this work we show that weighted simplicial complexes allow to circumvent all the limit…
This paper studies the map between polyhedral products $\mathcal{Z}_K(C\underline{X},\underline{X})\to\mathcal{Z}_K(Σ\underline{X},*)$ induced from the pinch maps $(CX_i,X_i)\to(ΣX_i,*)$, which is the higher order Whitehead product if $K$ is the boundary of a simplex. When $K$ is a shifted complex, a wedge decomposition of $\mathcal{Z}_K(C\underline{X},\underline{X})$ is given by the authors. Based on this decomposition, when $K$ is shifted, the induced pinch map is explicitly described as a wedge of iterated Whitehead products each of which includes at most one higher product. As a corollary,…
The category of crossed complexes gives an algebraic model of CW-complexes and cellular maps. Free crossed resolutions of groups contain information on a presentation of the group as well as higher homological information. We relate this to the problem of calculating non-abelian extensions. We show how the strong properties of this category allow for the computation of free crossed resolutions for amalgamated sums and HNN-extensions of groups, and so obtain computations of higher homotopical syzygies in these cases.
This paper proves that the functor $C(*)$ that sends pointed, simply-connected CW-complexes to their chain-complexes equipped with diagonals and iterated higher diagonals, determines their integral homotopy type --- even inducing an equivalence of categories between the category of CW-complexes up to homotopy equivalence and a certain category of chain-complexes equipped with higher diagonals. Consequently, $C(*)$ is an algebraic model for integral homotopy types similar to Quillen's model of rational homotopy types. For finite CW complexes, our model is finitely generated. Our result implies …
Link partitioning is a popular approach in network science used for discovering overlapping communities by identifying clusters of strongly connected links. Current link partitioning methods are specifically designed for networks modelled by graphs representing pairwise relationships. Therefore, these methods are incapable of utilizing higher-order information about group interactions in network data which is increasingly available. Simplicial complexes extend the dyadic model of graphs and can model polyadic relationships which are ubiquitous and crucial in many complex social and technologic…
The main result of this paper is a proof of the following conjecture of Babson & Kozlov: Theorem. Let G be a graph of maximal valency d, then the complex Hom(G,K_n) is at least (n-d-2)-connected. Here Hom(-,-) denotes the polyhedral complex introduced by Lovász to study the topological lower bounds for chromatic numbers of graphs. We will also prove, as a corollary to the main theorem, that the complex Hom(C_{2r+1},K_n) is (n-4)-connected, for $n\geq 3$.
Higher-order connectivity in complex systems described by simplexes of different orders provides a geometry for simplex-based dynamical variables and interactions. Simplicial complexes that constitute a functional geometry of the human connectome can be crucial for the brain complex dynamics. In this context, the best-connected brain areas, designated as hub nodes, play a central role in supporting integrated brain function. Here, we study the structure of simplicial complexes attached to eight global hubs in the female and male connectomes and identify the core networks among the affected bra…
For $r\geq 1$, the $r$-matching complex of a graph $G$, denoted $M_r(G)$, is a simplicial complex whose faces are the subsets $H \subseteq E(G)$ of the edge set of $G$ such that the degree of any vertex in the induced subgraph $G[H]$ is at most $r$. In this article, we give a closed form formula for the homotopy type of the $(n-2)$-matching complex of complete graph on $n$ vertices. We also prove that the $(n-1)$-matching complex of complete bipartite graph $K_{n,n}$ is homotopy equivalent to a sphere of dimension $(n-1)^2-1$.
Institute for Scientific Interchange（科学交流研究所）；IMT School for Advanced Studies（IMT高等研究学院）；ICTEAM, Université Catholique de Louvain（鲁汶大学ICTEAM研究所）；Università di Torino（都灵大学）；INFN（意大利国家核物理研究所）；Queen Mary University of London（伦敦玛丽女王大学）；The Alan Turing Institute（艾伦·图灵研究所）；ISI Global Science Foundation（ISI全球科学基金会）
Topological representations are rapidly becoming a popular way to capture and encode higher-order interactions in complex systems. They have found applications in disciplines as different as cancer genomics, brain function, and computational social science, in representing both descriptive features of data and inference models. While intense research has focused on the connectivity and homological features of topological representations, surprisingly scarce attention has been given to the investigation of the community structures of simplicial complexes. To this end, we adopt recent advances i…
Let Z_K be the moment angle complex associated to a simplicial complex K, with the canonical torus T-action. In this paper, we prove that, for any possibly disconnected subgroup G of T, G-equivariant cohomology of Z_K over the integer Z is isomophic to the Tor-module Tor_{H(BR;Z)}(Z[K],Z) as graded modules, where Z_[K] is the Stanley-Reisner ring of K. Based on this, we prove that the surjectivity of the natural map H_T(Z_K;Z) to H_G(Z_K;Z) is equivalent to the vanishing of Tor^{H(BR;Z)}_1(Z[K],Z). Since the integral cohomology of various toric orbifolds can be identified with H_G(Z_K;Z), we s…
