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arXiv cs/0504111cs.NI
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一种高效鲁棒的传感器网络地理广播协议

Efficient and Robust Geocasting Protocols for Sensor Networks

Karim Seada, Ahmed Helmy

摘要:

地理广播是将数据包传送到特定地理区域内的节点。在无线自组织网络和传感器网络的许多应用中,地理广播是一种重要而频繁的通信服务。地理广播中的挑战性问题是以高概率和低开销将数据包分发到地理广播区域内的所有节点。根据我们的研究,我们注意到在geocast区域中接收分组的节点的比例与geocast分组引起的开销之间存在明显的权衡,特别是在低密度和不规则分布的情况下。我们提出了两个新的协议,实现高交付率和低开销,利用本地位置信息的节点,结合地理路由机制与区域洪泛。我们发现,第一个协议的地理转发Geocast(GFG)具有接近最小的开销在密集的网络和第二个协议的地理转发周长Geocast(GFPG)提供保证交付没有全球洪水或全球网络信息,即使在低密度和存在区域差距或障碍。第二协议的自适应版本(GFPG*)具有在所有密度下的完美递送和在高密度下接近最小开销的期望属性。我们评估我们的机制,并使用模拟其他建议的geocasting机制进行比较。结果表明,我们的机制实现了交付率的显着改善(高达63%的高交付率在低密度网络)和开销的减少(高达80%的减少)。我们希望我们的协议成为可靠的传感器网络架构,需要强大的高效的geocast服务的构建块机制。

英文摘要:

Geocasting is the delivery of packets to nodes within a certain geographic area. For many applications in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, geocasting is an important and frequent communication service. The challenging problem in geocasting is distributing the packets to all the nodes within the geocast region with high probability but with low overhead. According to our study we notice a clear tradeoff between the proportion of nodes in the geocast region that receive the packet and the overhead incurred by the geocast packet especially at low densities and irregular distributions. We present two novel protocols for geocasting that achieve high delivery rate and low overhead by utilizing the local location information of nodes to combine geographic routing mechanisms with region flooding. We show that the first protocol Geographic-Forwarding-Geocast (GFG) has close-to-minimum overhead in dense networks and that the second protocol Geographic-Forwarding-Perimeter-Geocast (GFPG) provides guaranteed delivery without global flooding or global network information even at low densities and with the existence of region gaps or obstacles. An adaptive version of the second protocol (GFPG*) has the desirable property of perfect delivery at all densities and close-to-minimum overhead at high densities. We evaluate our mechanisms and compare them using simulation to other proposed geocasting mechanisms. The results show the significant improvement in delivery rate (up to 63% higher delivery percentage in low density networks) and reduction in overhead (up to 80% reduction) achieved by our mechanisms. We hope for our protocols to become building block mechanisms for dependable sensor network architectures that require robust efficient geocast services.

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