Abduction, first proposed in the setting of classical logics, has been studied with growing interest in the logic programming area during the last years.
In this paper we study abduction with penalization in the logic programming framework. This form of abductive reasoning, which has not been previously analyzed in logic programming, turns out to represent several relevant problems, including optimization problems, very naturally. We define a formal model for abduction with penalization over logic programs, which extends the abductive framework proposed by Kakas and Mancarella. We address knowledge representation issues, encoding a number of problems in our abductive framework. In particular, we consider some relevant problems, taken from different domains, ranging from optimization theory to diagnosis and planning; their encodings turn out to be simple and elegant in our formalism. We thoroughly analyze the computational complexity of the main problems arising in the context of abduction with penalization from logic programs. Finally, we implement a system supporting the proposed abductive framework on top of the DLV engine. To this end, we design a translation from abduction problems with penalties into logic programs with weak constraints. We prove that this approach is sound and complete.
The CIFF Proof Procedure for Abductive Logic Programming with Constraints: Theory, Implementation and Experiments
Università di Pisa(比萨大学);Imperial College London(帝国理工学院);University of Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹大学)
给出了带约束的溯因逻辑程序设计的CIFF证明过程,并证明了其正确性。CIFF是溯因逻辑编程的IFF证明过程的扩展,放松了对变量量化(允许条件)的原始限制,并结合了约束求解器来处理约束逻辑编程中的数值约束。最后,我们描述了CIFF系统,将其与最先进的溯因系统和答案集求解器进行比较,并展示了如何使用它来编程一些应用程序。(To《逻辑程序设计理论与实践》(Theory and Practice of Logic Programming,TPLP)
Unifying Deductive and Abductive Reasoning in Knowledge Graphs with Masked Diffusion Model
Engineering Hong Kong University of Science;Engineering \ University Beijing China;Key Lab of Education Blockchain;Intelligent Technology \ Normal University Guilin China;Engineering \ University;Intelligent Technology \ Normal University
Controllable Logical Hypothesis Generation for Abductive Reasoning in Knowledge Graphs
Department of Computer Science and Engineering(计算机科学与工程系);The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(香港理工大学);Beihang University(北航);Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology(教育区块链与智能技术重点实验室);Guangxi Normal University(广西师范大学)
Systematic Abductive Reasoning via Diverse Relation Representations in Vector-symbolic Architecture
School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)(电子科技大学生命科学与技术学院);Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心国家精神障碍中心脑健康研究所);State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University(北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室);School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University(北京师范大学系统科学学院)
Institute of Philosophy and the Humanities (IFCH) and Centre for Logic, Epistemology and The History of Science (CLE), University of Campinas (UNICAMP)(坎皮纳斯大学哲学与人文学院(IFCH)及逻辑、认识论与科学史中心(CLE))
逻辑产生式系统(Logic Production System,LPS)是一个基于逻辑的框架,用于对反应行为进行建模。基于溯因逻辑编程,它结合了反应规则与逻辑程序,数据库和因果理论,指定数据库的状态之间的转换。本文提出了一个系统的映射到一个答案集程序(ASP)的核心这个框架(称为KELPS)。为此目的,一个新的变种KELPS有限模型,称为$n$距离KELPS,介绍。给出了从这个$n$ -距离KELPS到ASP的映射的形式化定义,并证明了它的正确性和完整性。答案集编程范式允许捕捉KELPS基本反应的额外行为,特别是主动,先发制人和前瞻性行为。这些都是讨论和举例说明。然后提出了一个混合框架,集成KELPS和ASP,允许结合两种范式的优势。逻辑程序设计理论与实践(TPLP)
DLV是一个高效的逻辑编程和非单调推理(LPNMR)系统,具有先进的知识表示机制和经典关系数据库系统的接口。它的核心语言是具有完整性约束的答案集语义(Answer Set Semantics)下的析取数据库(无函数析取逻辑编程),包括默认和强(或显式)否定以及查询。还支持算术运算和各种内置谓词。此外,DLV有几个前端,即勇敢和谨慎的推理,溯因诊断,基于一致性的诊断,SQL 3的一个子集,使用动作语言进行规划,以及使用继承进行逻辑编程。
Explanatory relations in arbitrary logics based on satisfaction systems, cutting and retraction
Centrale Supelec(巴黎中央理工-高等电力学院);Université Paris-Saclay(巴黎萨克雷大学);Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL Research University(巴黎第九大学(巴黎多芬大学)、巴黎文理研究大学);CNRS(法国国家科学研究中心);LAMSADE(拉撒德实验室);Télécom ParisTech(巴黎高等电信学院);Universidad de Los Andes(洛斯安第斯大学)
National Kapodistrian University of Athens(雅典国立卡波季斯特里安大学);University of Piraeus(比雷埃夫斯大学);National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”(德谟克利特国家科学研究中心)
Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LaBRI, UMR 5800(波尔多大学、法国国家科学研究中心、波尔多INP、LaBRI、UMR 5800);Japanese-French Laboratory for Informatics, CNRS, NII, IRL 2537(日法信息实验室、法国国家科学研究中心、日本信息产业技术研究所、IRL 2537);National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan(日本信息处理研究所)
Post-Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Learning and Nonmonotonic Reasoning
知识表示与推理和机器学习是人工智能的两个重要领域。非单调逻辑程序设计(NMLP)和回答集程序设计(ASP)为常识知识的表示和推理提供了形式语言,实现了人工智能中的声明式问题求解。另一方面,归纳逻辑程序设计(ILP)在逻辑程序设计中实现了机器学习,为归纳学习提供了形式化的背景,并将其应用于关系学习和数据采掘等领域。一般来说,NMLP和ASP实现了非单调推理,但缺乏学习能力。相反,ILP实现了归纳学习,而大多数技术都是在经典单调逻辑下发展起来的。在这种背景下,一些研究者试图将各种技术结合到非单调ILP中。这样的组合将引入一个学习机制的程序,并将利用新的应用程序的NMLP侧,而在ILP侧,它将扩展的表示语言,使我们能够使用现有的求解器。学习和非单调推理之间的交叉也可以发生在诸如使用答案集求解器用于ILP、在运行答案集求解器时加速学习、学习动作理论、学习动力系统中的转换规则、溯因学习、学习具有抑制的生物网络以及涉及默认和否定的应用中。该研讨会是首次尝试提供一个公开论坛,以确定问题和讨论具有互补专长的研究人员之间可能的合作。该研讨会于2013年9月15日在西班牙Corunna举行。这篇论文集包含五篇技术论文(六篇被接受的论文中的五篇)和Luc De Raedt邀请演讲的摘要。
Modeling and Reasoning in Event Calculus using Goal-Directed Constraint Answer Set Programming
CETINIA Universidad Rey Juan Carlos(胡安卡洛斯国王大学CETINIA);IMDEA Software Institute(IMDEA软件研究所);Universidad Politécnica de Madrid(马德里理工大学);University of Texas at Dallas(德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校)
ChatABL: Abductive Learning via Natural Language Interaction with ChatGPT
Northwestern Polytechnical University(西北工业大学);The University of Georgia(佐治亚大学);University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(电子科技大学);Massachusetts General Hospital(麻省总医院);Harvard Medical School(哈佛医学院);The University of Texas at Arlington(德克萨斯大学阿灵顿分校);ShanghaiTech University(上海科技大学);Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd.(上海联影智能医疗科技有限公司)