解释静摩擦的虚普遍性
Explaining the Virtual Universal Occurrence of Static Friction
摘要：
微扰理论、模拟和标度论证预言，两个弱相互作用的原子级光滑的平面固体表面不应存在静摩擦。不存在静摩擦是由于原子水平的界面势能比弹性势能弱得多，这阻止了原子下沉到它们的界面势能最小值。因此，我们基本上有两个刚性固体，在随机分布的“钉扎点”上的力相互抵消。它示出在这里，即使在界面处的原子级缺陷的浓度波动不占静摩擦。有人还认为，滑动的接触凸体，这是发生在多微米的长度尺度上研究的问题时，相对于彼此涉及剪切平面的原子。由于这导致两个凸体相互作用的力在原子间距量级的滑动距离上变化，因此表面处的接触凸体能够下沉到它们的界面势最小值，而弹性势能的代价可以忽略不计。这导致静摩擦。
英文摘要：
Perturbation theory, simulations and scaling arguments predict that there should be no static friction for two weakly interacting flat atomically smooth clean solid surfaces. The absence of static friction results from the fact that the atomic level interfacial potential energy is much weaker than the elastic potential energy, which prevents the atoms from sinking to their interfacial potential minima. Consequently, we have essentially two rigid solids, for which the forces at randomly distributed "pinning sites" cancel. It is shown here that even fluctuations in the concentration of atomic level defects at the interface do not account for static friction. It is also argued that the sliding of contacting asperities, which occurs when the problem is studied at the multi-micron length scale, relative to each other involves the shearing of planes of atoms. Since this results in a force for the interaction of two asperities which varies over sliding distances of the order of an atomic spacing, the contacting asperities at the surface are able to sink to their interfacial potential minima, with negligible cost in elastic potential energy. This results in static friction.
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