Frenkel-Kontorova模型框架下宏观摩擦从静态到动态的转变
Transition from static to dynamic macroscopic friction in the framework of the Frenkel-Kontorova model
摘要：
新一代的宏观干摩擦实验表明，从静态摩擦到动态摩擦的转变本质上是一个空间和时间上不均匀的过程，由破裂状的分离锋引发。我们展示了Frenkel-Kontorova模型描述这种转变的适用性。该模型预测了两种类型的分离锋的存在，解释了在实验中观察到的速度的变化和突变。得到的滑脱前缘速度与剪应力与正应力比值之间的定量关系与实验结果一致。该模型提供了滑动速度和剪切应力之间的函数依赖关系，并预测滑动速度是独立的正应力。有趣的是，从静摩擦到动摩擦的转变并不明确地取决于静摩擦系数或动摩擦系数，尽管转变过程的开始和结束由这些系数控制。
英文摘要：
A new generation of experiments on dry macroscopic friction has revealed that the transition from static to dynamic friction is essentially a spatially and temporally non-uniform process, initiated by a rupture-like detachment front. We show the suitability of the Frenkel-Kontorova model for describing this transition. The model predicts the existence of two types of detachment fronts, explaining both the variability and abrupt change of velocity observed in experiments. The quantitative relation obtained between the velocity of the detachment front and the ratio of shear to normal stress is consistent with experiments. The model provides a functional dependence between slip velocity and shear stress, and predicts that slip velocity is independent of normal stress. Paradoxically, the transition from static to dynamic friction does not depend explicitly on ether the static or the dynamic friction coefficient, although the beginning and end of transition process are controlled by these coefficients.
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