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年轻星系团IC 348中的低质量双星:双星形成和演化的意义

Low-mass binaries in the young cluster IC 348: implications for binary formation and evolution

Gaspard Duchene, Jerome Bouvier, Theodore Simon

摘要:

我们报告了一个近红外自适应光学调查的66个低质量成员的前主序星星团IC 348。在0.1-8.0角秒的距离范围内,我们发现了12个双星系统。在我们评估这个集群中的二进制频率之前,估计的数量微弱的未检测到的同伴。在轨道周期log P=5.0-7.9天的范围内,IC 348中的双星比例为19+/-5%,这与太阳附近的G-和M-矮星的数值相似。在我们调查的分离范围内,作为低质量恒星的伴星,亚恒星伴星被发现是罕见的,甚至是缺失的。此外,质量比分布在q=1处没有峰值。我们没有发现任何证据的演化的二进制频率与年龄内的年龄分布的集群约10万年。我们的结论是,有没有时间演化的二元分数之间的几个百万年的形成过程,零年龄的主序列和现场人口。相反,我们发现一个趋势的二进制分数与恒星密度呈负相关,只有松散的协会表现出过剩的二进制。要么所有恒星形成区域最初都有大量的双星,随后由于大量的引力相遇而只在小于100万年的时间尺度上在密集的星团中减少,要么母体分子云中的特定初始条件影响碎裂过程,导致本质上不同的双星部分。

英文摘要:

We report on a near-infrared adaptive optics survey of a sample of 66 low-mass members of the pre-main sequence stellar cluster IC 348. We find 12 binary systems in the separation range 0.1-8.0 arcsec. An estimate of the number of faint undetected companions is derived, before we evaluate the binary frequency in this cluster. In the orbital period range log P=5.0-7.9 days, the binary fraction in IC 348 is 19+/-5 %.This is similar to the values correspondings to G- and M-dwarfs populations in the solar neigbourhood. Substellar companions are found to be rare, or even missing, as companions of low-mass stars in the separation range we surveyed. Also, the mass ratio distribution is not peaked at q=1. We do not find any evidence for an evolution of the binary frequency with age within the age spread of the cluster of about 10 Myr. We conclude that there is no temporal evolution of the binary fraction between a few Myrs after the formation process, the zero-age main sequence and the field population. We find instead a trend for the binary fraction to be inversely correlated with stellar density, with only loose associations exhibiting an excess of binaries. Either all star-forming regions initially host a large number of binaries, which is subsequently reduced only in dense clusters on a timescale of less than 1 Myr due to numerous gravitational encounters, or specific initial conditions in the parental molecular clouds impact on the fragmentation process leading to intrinsically different binary fractions.

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