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arXiv 2610.37652cs.ROcs.LGcs.SYeess.SY
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推动灵巧性与安全性,实现效果显著的手内物体位姿到达

Dexterous In-Hand Object Pose Reaching with Learned Safety Filters

University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校);University of California, Davis(加州大学戴维斯分校)

Ian Chuang, Hiya Shah, Vamsi Chilamkur, Iman Soltani, Claire Tomlin

AI总结:

该研究针对LEAP手,提出无人类数据的仿真训练方案,结合自适应摩擦课程与残差安全过滤器,实现手内物体位姿到达,真实机器人评估达95.2%目标到达率,掉落率降75%,可迁移至真实场景。

摘要:

多指手的灵巧操作是机器人学的下一个前沿领域,但习得的手部技能仍局限于简单抓取或基础重复动作,例如旋转物体。当机器人尝试更复杂的手内操作时,安全性(如不掉落物体)变得至关重要,但这一指标却很少被测量。我们研究手内物体位姿到达任务,该任务需要多样且困难的抓取:在手指可达范围内,将物体移动到几乎任意位置和姿态,且腕部姿态任意,通过长序列的连续目标完成。我们提出了一种在仿真中为LEAP手训练此类策略的方案,无需人类数据,基于一系列见解,包括通过生成抓取数据集实现多样重置与目标、自适应摩擦课程。通过精细的系统辨识,这些策略可零样本迁移到真实手,使用运动捕捉或单个腕部安装的深度相机,表现出显著的能力与鲁棒性。在任务策略基础上,我们添加了一个具有可调保守性的习得残差安全过滤器,可调整性能与安全性的平衡,大幅减少物体掉落。在13.3小时的真实机器人评估中,针对4个物体、4800个未见目标及多样腕部姿态,基于状态的策略在2厘米和0.4弧度内到达95.2%的目标,该过滤器将其掉落率降低75%,同时仍到达91.5%的目标。这些策略还可旋转任意姿态的灯泡、到达分布外的目标、承受快速手臂运动与扰动,且仅需腕部相机,可作为便携式技能,如拧灯泡。我们发布了完整方案,作为研究高维灵巧系统的性能、可靠性与安全性的平台。视频及更多内容可访问此https URL。

英文摘要:

Dexterous manipulation with multi-fingered hands is the next frontier of robotics, yet learned hand skills remain limited to simple grasps or basic repeated motions, such as rotating an object. As robots attempt more demanding in-hand maneuvers, safety, such as not dropping the object, becomes critical, yet it is rarely measured. We study in-hand object pose reaching, a task that demands diverse and difficult grasps: moving an object to almost any position and orientation within reach of the fingers, at any wrist orientation, through long sequences of consecutive goals. We present a recipe for training such policies for a LEAP hand in simulation without human data, built on a range of insights, from diverse resets and goals via generated grasp datasets to an adaptive friction curriculum. With careful system identification, the policies transfer zero-shot to the real hand, using either motion capture or a single wrist-mounted depth camera, and prove remarkably capable and robust. On top of the task policy, we add a learned residual safety filter with adjustable conservativeness, letting us tune the balance between performance and safety and greatly reduce object drops. In 13.3 hours of real-robot evaluation over 4,800 unseen goals across 4 objects and diverse wrist orientations, the state-based policy reaches 95.2% of goals within 2 cm and 0.4 rad, and the filter cuts its drops by 75% while still reaching 91.5% of goals. The policies can also spin a lightbulb held in an arbitrary pose, reach out-of-distribution goals, withstand fast arm motion and perturbations, and, needing only a wrist camera, serve as portable skills such as screwing in a lightbulb. We release the full recipe as a platform for studying performance, reliability, and safety in high-dimensional dexterous systems. Videos and more are available at https://ian-chuang.github.io/dexsafe/.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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