用于从胎儿-母亲心电图到胎儿多普勒波形信号转换的跨模态生成框架
Cross-Modal Generative Framework for Signal Translation from Fetal-Maternal Electrocardiograms to Fetal Doppler Waveforms
AI总结：
该研究针对胎儿-母亲心血管系统关系建模问题提出跨模态生成框架，结合扩张卷积、跨模态注意力及自注意力，经训练可从双导联心电图合成多普勒包络，降低误差，量化母婴耦合贡献，推进了相关计算建模及胎儿评估。
摘要：
胎儿心电图（fECG）和多普勒超声提供了胎儿心血管功能的互补视图：fECG捕捉电活动，而多普勒反映由胎盘阻力和血管顺应性等因素塑造的机械血流动力学。通过从fECG重建来理解可恢复和不可恢复的多普勒成分，有助于深入了解胎儿循环中电因素与机械因素的相对贡献，从而为临床决策提供依据。此外，母婴心脏耦合的临床证据表明，母亲的心血管动力学也可能影响胎儿血流动力学。为了对这些关系进行计算建模，我们提出了一个跨模态生成框架，将扩张卷积与跨模态注意力相结合，以选择性地纳入母亲心电图，并使用自注意力来捕捉长程时间依赖性。在来自39次妊娠的885个同步胎儿/母亲心电图和多普勒包络段上进行训练，我们的模型合成的多普勒包络的功率谱密度均方误差（PSD MSE）为49.9 +/- 15.8 dB^2（比双通道基线低51%），心率误差为4.71 +/- 0.77 bpm（比基线好1.5%；相对于110-160 bpm的生理范围可忽略不计）。跨模态注意力比简单的双通道拼接使PSD MSE降低了39%，量化了母婴耦合的贡献。我们提出的框架通过从双导联心电图合成多普勒包络，推进了母婴心血管系统的计算建模。通过分析可恢复和残留的多普勒成分，这种方法能够量化对多普勒波形的纯机械贡献——那些无法从电记录中恢复的贡献——最终有助于进行更全面的胎儿评估。
英文摘要：
Fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) and Doppler ultrasound provide complementary views of fetal cardiovascular function: fECG captures electrical activity while Doppler reflects mechanical hemodynamics shaped by factors such as placental resistance and vascular compliance. Understanding the recoverable and unrecoverable Doppler components through reconstruction from fECG offers insight into the relative contributions of electrical versus mechanical factors in fetal circulation, thereby informing clinical decisions. In addition, clinical evidence of maternal-fetal cardiac coupling suggests that maternal cardiovascular dynamics may also inform fetal hemodynamics. To computationally model these relationships, we propose a cross-modal generative framework combining dilated convolutions with cross-modal attention to selectively incorporate maternal ECG and self-attention to capture long-range temporal dependencies. Trained on 885 synchronized fetal/maternal ECG and Doppler envelope segments from 39 pregnancies, our model synthesizes Doppler envelopes with power spectral density mean squared error (PSD MSE) of 49.9 +/- 15.8 dB^2 (51% lower than two-channel baseline) and heart-rate error of 4.71 +/- 0.77 bpm (1.5% better than baseline; negligible relative to the 110-160 bpm physiological range). Cross-modal attention yields a 39% PSD MSE reduction over naive dual-channel concatenation, quantifying the contribution of maternal-fetal coupling. Our proposed framework advances computational modeling of the maternal-fetal cardiovascular system by enabling the synthesis of Doppler envelopes from dual-lead ECG. By analysis of both recoverable and residual Doppler components, this approach enables quantification of the purely mechanical contributions to Doppler waveforms -- those not recoverable from electrical recordings -- ultimately facilitating a more comprehensive fetal assessment.
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