arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
北美退伍军人节(Veterans Day),12 日无更新
arXiv 2607.03340quant-ph
收藏

用于最大割问题的量子近似优化算法中的测量次数缩放:统计分析

Measurements Number Scaling in the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm for MaxCut: A Statistical Analysis

Bar-Ilan University(巴伊兰大学)

Inbar Chefer, Uri Shaham, Adi Makmal

AI总结:

对量子近似优化算法求解最大割问题的测量次数需求进行统计分析,推导单次成本算子评估所需测量次数的充分条件,揭示特定图类中测量次数随实例规模增长的意外缩放现象。

摘要:

我们对用于最大割问题的量子近似优化算法(QAOA)的测量(shots)需求进行了统计分析。我们推导了每次成本算子评估的测量次数的充分条件,以:(a)将预期成本估计在相对误差$\delta$和置信度$1 - \epsilon$内,以及(b)确保基于随机梯度下降(SGD)的参数优化以高概率收敛到目标相对次优水平。此外,我们提供了达到目标精度所需的SGD迭代次数的显式界限。我们的分析揭示了一种意外的缩放现象:对于我们正式表征的特定图类,实现固定相对性能指标所需的总测量预算随着实例大小的增加而减少。这一结果补充了早期关于参数优化冗余的成本函数集中论证,从而突出了大规模最大割实例的高性能、低开销QAOA实现的潜力。为了帮助从业者,我们将我们的分析结果转化为测量预算分配的实用经验法则,并用数值模拟验证了这些结果,为QAOA中图大小、结构复杂性和资源需求之间的相互作用提供了新的见解。

英文摘要:

We provide a statistical analysis of the measurement (shot) requirements of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) for the MaxCut problem. We derive sufficient conditions on the number of shots per cost operator evaluation to: (a) estimate the expected cost to within a relative error $δ$ and a confidence $1-ε$, and (b) ensure SGD-based parameter optimization converges to a target relative suboptimality level with high probability. In addition, we provide an explicit bound on the number of SGD iterations required to reach the target accuracy. Our analysis reveals an unexpected scaling phenomenon: for specific graph classes, which we formally characterize, the total shot budget needed to achieve a fixed relative-performance metric decreases as the instance size grows. This result complements earlier cost function concentration arguments regarding parameter optimization redundancy, thereby highlighting the potential for high-performance, low-overhead QAOA implementations for large-scale MaxCut instances. To assist practitioners, we translate our analytical findings into practical rules of thumb for shot-budget allocation and validate these results with numerical simulations, offering new insights into the interplay between graph size, structural complexity, and resource requirements in QAOA.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑