Fast-spinning massive black holes from slowly rotating low-metallicity stars: Implications for GW231123
University of Malaya(马来亚大学);Universiti Malaya(马来亚大学);Keele University(基尔大学);University of Tokyo(东京大学);Universitat de València(瓦伦西亚大学);University of Geneva(日内瓦大学)
N. H. Ismail, N. Yusof, R. Hirschi, A. Griffiths, M. Á. Aloy, S. Ekström, G. Meynet
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6 pages (including 2 appendices) and 2 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
The origin of massive black holes in the early universe remains uncertain and still unexplored. Pop III stars are among the first stellar sources capable of producing such remnants, but their evolution is very sensitive to rotation. We explore how slow initial rotation influences the evolution and black hole formation of very massive Pop III stars, and assess their potential to become massive, fast-spinning black holes consistent with GW events such as GW231123. We compute a grid of non-rotating and slowly rotating Pop III stellar models with initial masses of 80, 85, and 90 $M_\odot$ using the GENEC code. Our models include rotationally induced mixing and angular-momentum transport by magnetic torques. We analyse the CO core masses and their volume-averaged adiabatic index to assess stability against electron-positron pair creation. From the angular-momentum profiles at the end of He burning, we estimate the resulting black hole masses and dimensionless spins under the assumption of direct collapse. Our non-rotating and slowly rotating 80 and 85 $M_\odot$ models develop carbon-oxygen core masses between 31 and 36 $M_\odot$ and have an adiabatic index that remains above 4/3. Our models thus predict that Pop III stars can keep most of their mass and collapse directly to form black holes of 80 to 85 $M_\odot$ with dimensionless spins up to $a_{\rm BH} \lesssim 0.7$. Initially slowly rotating, massive Pop III stars can form very massive, rapidly spinning black holes just below the pair-instability regime. This supports interpreting the lower boundary of the PISN mass gap as a smooth, structure-dependent transition and identifies single-star Pop III evolution as a possible channel for massive fast-spinning black holes observed by gravitational-wave detectors, subject to the uncertain efficiency of internal angular-momentum transport and mass-loss prescriptions.
A Magnetar Strength Surface Magnetic Field for the Slowly Spinning Down SGR 0418+5729
观测到的典型软伽马射线中继站SGR 0418+5729的自旋下降速率上限对将该源解释为具有超强磁场的中子星提出了挑战。电流限值意味着偶极磁场强度小于7.5 x 10^{12} G(Rea等人,2010年),明显小于典型SGR。中子星的X射线光谱不依赖于从X射线计时推断出的性质,而允许测量它们的磁场强度,因为它们在辐射平衡大气中由于存在磁场而从纯黑体中失真。在本文中,我们模拟SGR 0418+5729的高信噪比XMM牛顿谱,以限制中子星表面的磁场强度。我们的分析表明,具有中等磁场强度(10^{12-13} G)的中子星大气模型不能拟合X射线谱,而具有较强磁场的模型能够解释观测结果。我们发现表面的磁场强度为1.0 x 10^{14} G。这个值虽然低于迄今为止分析的所有其他SGR,但仍然足够高,可以从源产生观测到的X射线爆发。关于自旋下降极限,它还意味着磁场的显著非偶极结构。我们讨论了我们的光谱建模的结果,并与其他SGRs进行比较。
Discovery and Characterization of a Rare Magnetic Hybrid $β$ Cephei Slowly Pulsating B-type Star in an Eclipsing Binary in the Young Open Cluster NGC 6193
多达10%的OB型恒星具有全球磁场,这是令人惊讶的,因为它们的内部结构在表面附近是辐射性的。脉动是内部结构的一个直接探测器,一些OB型恒星表现出压力模式($β$ Cep脉动子)或重力模式(慢脉动B型恒星; SPB);少数罕见的混合$β$ Cep/SPB在H-R图中占据了一条狭窄的不稳定带。恒星最精确的基本性质是从食双星(EB)中获得的,而那些已知年龄和金属丰度的星团中的恒星提供了最严格的理论约束。在这里,我们报告的发现,HD 149834在$\sim$ 500万年集群NGC 6193是一个EB,包括一个混合$β$ Cep/SPB分解器和一个高辐射的低质量的同伴。我们确定的质量,半径和温度的两颗恒星; $\sim$ 9.7 M $_\odot$主要居住在不稳定带的混合脉动理论预测。SPB和$β$ Cep脉动的存在表明该系统具有近太阳的金属丰度,并且处于主序星寿命的后半部分。1.2 M $\sim$伴星的半径与理论上主序前5百万年的等时线一致,但它的温度比预期的要高得多,可能是由于主星的辐射。主星的半径比预期的要大,除非它的金属丰度是超太阳的。最后,光变曲线显示了与主星旋转一致的剩余调制,钱德拉的观测揭示了耀斑,这两个都表明主星上存在恒星黑子和磁性。
Low-metallicity massive single stars with rotation. Evolutionary models applicable to I Zwicky 18
大规模的旋转的单星的初始金属成分适合矮星系I Zw 18([Fe/H]= $-$ 1.7)的氢燃烧过程中的初始质量为9-300 M $_{\odot}$和0-900 km s $^{-1}$的旋转速度。在这些模型中的内部混合过程进行了校准的基础上观测到的样本中的麦哲伦星云的OB型恒星。即使是中等速度的旋转,这可能是丰富的金属丰度,发现进行有效的混合诱导旋转导致准化学均匀的演变。这些不断发展的模型在核心氢燃烧期间达到高达90 kK的有效温度。这一点,加上它们的中等质量损失率,使它们成为透明风紫外线强恒星(TWUIN星),它们的预期数量可能解释在I Zw 18和其他低金属量HeII星系中观察到的HeII电离光子通量。在$\sim$ 80 M $_{\odot}$以上的缓慢旋转恒星在核心氢燃烧过程中演化成B-到M-型超巨星,在I Zw 18的距离上,视星等高达$^{\mathrm{m}}$。这两种类型的恒星,TWUIN星和发光的晚型超巨星,都只在低金属丰度下被预测。在低金属丰度的大规模恒星演化的性质不同,从富含金属的环境。我们的网格可以用来解释本地恒星形成矮星系和高红移星系的观测,以及我们的银河系和它的球状星团的贫金属成分。