arXiv 2605.266862026-05-26physics.optics

弯曲时空通过空间依赖的能带结构诱导光子模式控制

Curved spacetime-induced control of photonic modes via spatially dependent band structure

School of Physics, Zhejiang University（浙江大学物理学院）

Jingxuan Zhang, Suting Ju, Li-Gang Wang

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AI总结：

本文提出弯曲时空本身即可通过产生空间依赖的光子能带结构来控制光子模式，无需人工电磁结构，并以Rindler时空和爱因斯坦-罗森桥为例展示了光传播效应及隧穿现象。

摘要：

传统上，控制光子模式需要由电磁介质构成的复杂人工结构，如光子晶体、超材料和波导系统。在这里，我们报告了一种仅由弯曲时空诱导的模式控制新机制，该机制产生了空间依赖的光子能带结构。在此框架下，光子模式可以在空间域中自然地进行转换。我们从广义相对论中选取了两个典型模型——Rindler时空和爱因斯坦-罗森桥（ERB）——来演示光传播效应。在Rindler时空中，光束在正加速度下转变为扩散模式，在负加速度下转变为高度准直的传播模式。在ERB中，光束传输由史瓦西半径决定，该半径决定了空间带隙的范围。此外，还展示了一种有趣的隧穿效应。最后，我们提出了几种可行的实验方法来验证我们的理论预测。我们的发现阐明了弯曲时空中光子能带结构的独特形成机制，从而能够在非欧几何框架内实现光的精确空间控制和光子器件的设计。

英文摘要：

Conventionally, controlling photonic modes require complex artificial structures made of electromagnetic media such as photonic crystal, metamaterial, and waveguide systems. Here, we report a new mechanism for mode control induced solely by curved spacetime, which give rise to a spatially dependent photonic band structure. In this framework, the photonic mode can naturally undergo conversion in the spatial domain. We select two canonical models from general relativity--the Rindler spacetime and the Einstein-Rosen bridge (ERB)--to demonstrate light propagation effects. In Rindler spacetime, a light beam transitions to a diffusive mode for positive acceleration and to a highly collimated propagating mode for negative acceleration. In the ERB, beam transmission is governed by the Schwarzschild radius, which determines the extend of the spatial bandgap. Furthermore, an intriguing tunneling effect is also illustrated. Finally, we propose several feasible experimental methods to verify our theoretical predictions. Our findings elucidate a distinctive formation mechanism of photonic band structure in curved spacetime, enabling precise spatial control of light and the design of photonic devices within a non-Euclidean geometrical framework.

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