Performance analysis of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite-to-ground optical links relies on composite fading models that typically evaluate scintillation and angular loss under the assumption of statistical independence. While ensuring analytical tractability, this assumption decouples fading mechanisms driven by the same atmospheric turbulence and fails to capture the distinct effects of free atmosphere (FA) and boundary layer (BL) perturbations. To model this coupling while preserving tractability, this paper develops a state-coupled joint fading model. In the proposed framework, aperture-averaged scintillation and effective angular loss are jointly characterized by a discrete slow atmospheric state, parameterized by separate FA and BL scaling factors. By replacing unconditional independence with state-conditioned independence, the model enables a closed-form derivation of the outage probability, preserving the computational simplicity of the independent baseline. Numerical results show that the independent baseline can misestimate outage under non-nominal layered turbulence states. This outage prediction bias varies with elevation because the relative roles of scintillation and angular loss change with the link geometry, resulting in different residual angular correction requirements for a given outage target.
Downlink Performance of Cell-Free Massive MIMO for LEO Satellite Mega-Constellation
Eastern Institute of Technology（东方理工学院）；Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Industrial Intelligence and Digital Twin（浙江省工业智能与数字孪生重点实验室）；Xidian University（西安电子科技大学）；State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks（综合业务网国家级重点实验室）
Visual Event Detection over AI-Edge LEO Satellites with AoI Awareness
School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire（哈特福德大学物理、工程与计算机科学学院）；COPELABS, Lusófona University（卢索丰大学COPELABS）；UNINOVA-CTS and LASI（UNINOVA-CTS和LASI）；Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa（里斯本大学高等理工学院）；Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University（朝鲜大学计算机工程系）
