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arXiv 2605.08922cs.CR
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迈向Web 4.0：AI代理与区块链之间的双向信任

Toward Web 4.0: Bidirectional Trust between AI Agents and Blockchain

Beijing Jiaotong University（北京交通大学）；Beihang University（北京航空航天大学）；Xi’an Jiaotong University（西安交通大学）

Yunfeng Xia, Chao Li, Lei Li, Chenhao Zhang, Li Duan, Runhua Xu, Wei Wang

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AI总结：

本文探讨AI代理与区块链之间的双向信任机制，分析区块链为代理提供的信任基础设施及AI代理在区块链核心机制中的参与，揭示现有标准生态的不足及未来研究方向。

摘要：

自主AI代理越来越多地部署在区块链平台上，但其交互的指导原则仍不清晰。本文提出一个围绕双向信任框架的知识体系。在B→A方向，探讨区块链如何为代理提供信任基础设施，涵盖身份和账户抽象、权限和委托、以意图为中心的执行以及令牌化代理经济。在A→B方向，探讨AI代理如何参与区块链核心机制，包括安全审计、共识和治理。可验证计算的可信基础支撑了两个方向，每个基本构件在信任最小化、计算开销和部署准备性之间提供不同的权衡。我们正式将交互建模为代理-区块链交互模型（ABIM），列举70个以太坊EIPs/ERCs，分析20个代表性行业项目，回顾118篇学术论文，应用五维框架评估可验证性、信任最小化、表达性、可组合性和成熟度。我们的分析揭示了显著的差距：代理特定的标准生态系统远远不成熟，意图架构缺乏形式分析，尽管孤立的工作开始探索AI在共识和治理中的参与，但缺乏将AI作为协议层第一类参与者的一致安全框架。我们提出一个三维分类法，识别九个具体开放问题，并突出该交集中最尖锐的研究机会。

英文摘要：

Autonomous AI agents are increasingly deployed on blockchain platforms, yet the design space that governs their interaction remains poorly understood. This convergence, where autonomous agents operate on and within decentralized systems, is a defining feature of the emerging Web~4.0 paradigm. This paper presents a Systematization of Knowledge organized around a bidirectional trust framework. In the B $\boldsymbol{\rightarrow}$ A direction, we examine how blockchain provides trust infrastructure for agents, spanning identity and account abstraction, permission and delegation, intent-centric execution, and tokenized agent economies. In the A $\boldsymbol{\rightarrow}$ B direction, we examine the reverse: how AI agents participate in core blockchain mechanisms including security auditing, consensus, and governance. A Trust Foundation of verifiable computation underpins both directions, with each primitive offering different trade-offs between trust minimality, computational overhead, and deployment readiness. We formalize the interaction as an Agent-Blockchain Interaction Model (ABIM), catalog 70 Ethereum EIPs/ERCs, examine 20 representative industry projects, and review 118 academic papers, applying a five-dimensional framework assessing Verifiability, Minimality of Trust, Expressiveness, Composability, and Maturity. Our analysis uncovers significant gaps: the agent-specific standards ecosystem is overwhelmingly immature, intent architectures lack formal analysis, and while isolated works have begun to explore AI participation in consensus and governance, a unified security framing that treats AI as a first-class actor at the protocol layer remains absent. We propose a three-dimensional taxonomy, identify nine concrete open problems, and highlight the sharpest research opportunities at this intersection.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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