AI 中文总结
本文综述从经典多智能体系统到开放智能体网络的演化，构建五维信任分类，明确区块链作为共享信任层为可信智能体网络提供多类支撑机制。
AI 中文摘要
AI智能体正从孤立的任务执行者演化为可通信、委托任务、调用工具、访问外部知识、参与跨平台服务与经济工作流的网络化自主实体。这一演化催生了开放智能体网络，不同利益相关方拥有的异构智能体在此交互，却缺乏用于身份、授权、可审计性、声誉或结算的天然共享基础设施。本文是一篇综述与教程文章，梳理了1980至2026年间从经典多智能体系统到开放智能体网络的演化文献，重点关注基于大语言模型（LLM）的自主智能体、智能体互操作协议、智能体互联网基础设施及区块链赋能的信任机制。我们首先回顾这一演化过程，阐明信任边界如何从个体执行扩展到跨智能体、跨平台与跨组织交互；随后识别出网络层面的信任危机，该危机无法通过单智能体安全机制或封闭多智能体协调技术完全解决，并构建了涵盖实体与能力信任、授权与委托信任、信息与来源信任、协调与群组鲁棒性信任、问责与结算信任的五维分类体系。基于该分类，我们分析区块链如何为可信智能体网络提供共享身份、可验证授权、防篡改来源、可审计协作、激励对齐及价值结算；进一步整合智能体网络风险、信任需求与区块链赋能机制之间的映射关系，明确区块链作为共享信任层的作用，而非替代智能体安全、语义验证、隐私保护或鲁棒推理。
英文摘要
AI agents are evolving from isolated task executors into networked autonomous entities that can communicate, delegate tasks, invoke tools, access external knowledge, and participate in cross-platform service and economic workflows. This evolution gives rise to open agent networks, where heterogeneous agents owned by different stakeholders interact without naturally shared infrastructures for identity, authorization, auditability, reputation, or settlement. This survey and tutorial article reviews the literature over the period 1980--2026 on the evolution from classical multi-agent systems to open agent networks, with a particular focus on LLM-based autonomous agents, agent interoperability protocols, Internet-of-Agents infrastructures, and blockchain-enabled trust mechanisms. We first review this evolution and show how the trust boundary expands from individual execution to cross-agent, cross-platform, and cross-organizational interaction. We then identify a network-level trust crisis that cannot be fully addressed by single-agent safety mechanisms or closed multi-agent coordination techniques, and develop a five-dimensional taxonomy covering entity and capability trust, authorization and delegation trust, information and provenance trust, coordination and group-robustness trust, and accountability and settlement trust. Based on this taxonomy, we examine how blockchain can provide shared identity, verifiable authorization, tamper-evident provenance, auditable collaboration, incentive alignment, and value settlement for trustworthy agent networks. We further synthesize the mapping between agent-network risks, trust requirements, and blockchain-enabled mechanisms, and clarify the role of blockchain as a shared trust layer rather than a replacement for agent security, semantic verification, privacy protection, or robust reasoning.
