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arXiv 2604.24751gr-qcquant-ph
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电荷自旋-1/2物质波干涉仪在引力波背景中的半经典相位

Semiclassical phases of charged spin-$1/2$ matter-wave interferometers in gravitational wave backgrounds

National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization)(泰国国家天文研究所)

Nontapat Wanwieng, Apimook Watcharangkool

AI总结:

研究电荷自旋-1/2物质波干涉仪在引力波背景中的半经典相位,分析动态、自旋和电磁Aharonov-Bohm相位的贡献,揭示时空曲率对量子干涉的影响。

摘要:

在弯曲时空中的物质波积累相位同时编码几何结构和规范结构。本文基于协变Dirac方程的WKB展开,发展了电荷自旋-1/2物质波干涉仪的半经典框架,其中相位分解为动态、自旋和电磁Aharonov-Bohm(AB)贡献。在自由下落探测器框架下,三种通道均由局部潮汐场支配。在弱引力波(GW)背景下,动态和自旋相位探测曲率的重力电和重力磁部分,而AB相位源自曲率诱导的电磁场,通过Maxwell方程在弯曲时空中获得。对于马克斯-韦因泽干涉仪(MZI),三种响应由相同的潮汐尺度$\ddot{h}_A \sim Ω^2_{gw}h_0$决定,并通过共同的几何内核滤波,但通过不同的物理耦合进入。特别是,AB贡献不仅取决于所包围的磁通量,还取决于诱导场的空间变化,并表现出由穿越时间决定的固有频率依赖性。这些结果为时间依赖引力波背景中的物质波干涉相位提供了一种统一描述,并识别了互补的动态、自旋和电磁路径,通过这些路径时空曲率在量子干涉中留下印记。

英文摘要:

A matter wave propagating through curved spacetime accumulates phase that encodes both geometry and gauge structure. We develop a semiclassical framework for charged spin-$1/2$ matter-wave interferometers based on a WKB expansion of the covariant Dirac equation, in which the phase decomposes into dynamical, spin, and electromagnetic Aharonov-Bohm (AB) contributions. In a freely falling detector frame, all three channels are governed by local tidal fields. In a weak gravitational-wave (GW) background, the dynamical and spin phases probe the gravitoelectric and gravitomagnetic sectors of curvature, while the AB phase arises from curvature-induced electromagnetic fields obtained from Maxwell's equations in curved spacetime. For a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), all three responses are determined by the same tidal scale, $\ddot{h}_A \sim Ω^2_{gw}h_0$, and filtered by a common geometric kernel, while entering through distinct physical couplings. In particular, the AB contribution depends not only on the enclosed flux but also on spatial variations of the induced fields and exhibits an intrinsic frequency dependence set by the traversal time. These results provide a unified description of matter-wave interferometric phases in time-dependent GW backgrounds and identify complementary dynamical, spin, and electromagnetic pathways through which spacetime curvature imprints itself on quantum interference.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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