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arXiv 2604.09397astro-ph.HE
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基于TeV的局部 extragalactic 背景光确定及其与星系计数和直接测量的一致性

A TeV-based Determination of the Local Extragalactic Background Light and its Consistency with Galaxy Counts and Direct Measurements

The University of Tokyo(东京大学);Universidad Complutense de Madrid(马德里康普顿斯大学);Clemson University(克莱姆森大学);Naval Research Laboratory(海军研究实验室);University of Wisconsin-Madison(威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校);Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics(大学间天体物理中心)

J. Baxter, A. Dominguez, J. D. Finke, A. Desai, M. Ajello, A. Banerjee, Dieter Hartmann, Vaidehi S. Paliya

AI总结:

本文利用高能γ射线测量局部extragalactic背景光强度,并检验其与星系计数和直接测量的一致性,通过分析268个光谱数据,发现七种背景光模板需仅重标10%即可拟合观测到的γ射线衰减。

摘要:

extragalactic背景光(EBL),所有extragalactic源的累积辐射,追踪星系形成和宇宙演化。高能γ射线通过与EBL光子的对产生而衰减,是EBL的强大探测器。本文利用非常高能(VHE;Eγ>100GeV)γ射线测量局部EBL强度并检验其与星系计数和直接测量的一致性。我们的分析采用268个来自45个源的光谱数据,这些源通过成像大气切伦科夫望远镜观测。模型依赖性研究显示,七种EBL模板仅需重标10%即可拟合观测到的γ射线衰减。以星系计数为基准的模型给出最接近的匹配。我们随后从代表性的模型子集中推导出模板边缘化的TeV光学深度。我们将它们与Fermi-LAT GeV测量结合,使用经验性和物理动机的模型重建z=0处的EBL。两种重建结果一致,并在0.5-30μm范围内与积分星系光一致,误差在2-3nW m^{-2} sr^{-1}(通常<25%)。两者均与低zodiacal光观测一致,包括外太阳系和暗云测量。相比之下,IRTS和CIBER报告的近红外过量比我们重建的强度高3-5σ,暗示有额外的>5-10nW m^{-2} sr^{-1}的不可兼容成分。结合GeV对EBL演化的约束到z≈4,这些TeV光学深度提供了以VHE为基准的局部EBL强度确定。与星系计数和深空测量的一致性表明,已知的星系人口解释了大部分的光学和近红外背景,留有有限的空间用于额外的弥散成分。

英文摘要:

The extragalactic background light (EBL), the cumulative radiation from all extragalactic sources, traces galaxy formation and cosmic evolution. High-energy $γ$ rays attenuated via pair production with EBL photons are a powerful probe of the EBL. In this work, we use very-high-energy (VHE; $E_γ> 100\,\mathrm{GeV}$) $γ$ rays to measure the local EBL intensity and test its consistency with galaxy counts and direct measurements. Our analysis employs a sample of 268 spectra from 45 sources observed with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. A model-dependent study shows seven EBL templates require only $\le 10\%$ rescaling to fit the observed $γ$-ray attenuation. The galaxy-count-anchored model gives the closest match. We then derive template-marginalized TeV optical depths from a representative model subset. We combine them with \textit{Fermi}-LAT GeV measurements to reconstruct the EBL at $z = 0$ using empirical and physically motivated models. The two reconstructions agree and follow the integrated galaxy light to within $2$--$3\,\mathrm{nW\,m^{-2}\,sr^{-1}}$ (typically $<25\%$) over $0.5$--$30\,μ$m. Both are consistent with low-zodiacal-light observations, including outer solar system and dark cloud measurements. In contrast, the near-IR excess reported by IRTS and CIBER exceeds our reconstructed intensity by $3$--$5σ$, implying an additional $\gtrsim 5$--$10\,\mathrm{nW\,m^{-2}\,sr^{-1}}$ incompatible with the $γ$-ray optical depths. Combined with GeV constraints on EBL evolution to $z \simeq 4$, these TeV optical depths provide a VHE-anchored determination of the local EBL intensity. The agreement with galaxy counts and deep-space measurements indicates that known galaxy populations account for most of the optical and near-IR background, leaving limited room for an additional diffuse component.

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