We investigate the influence of quantum-gravity (QG) induced corrections on the entanglement entropy associated with four-flavor neutrino oscillations in vacuum, incorporating an additional sterile neutrino in the (3+1) framework. Using the von Neumann entropy as a measure of quantum correlations, we analyze how Planck-scale suppressed modifications to the neutrino mass-squared differences and the extended mixing matrix affect the evolution of entanglement during successive oscillation cycles. The quantum-gravity corrections are implemented through a dimension-5 effective field theory operator that modifies the four-flavor PMNS matrix and all six mixing angles above the GUT scale. We find that the atmospheric mixing angle θ_{23} undergoes the largest deviation due to Planck-scale effects, while angles θ_{14}, θ_{24}, and θ_{34} remain essentially unchanged. The resulting QG-corrected oscillation probabilities produce characteristic deviations in the entanglement entropy profile as a function of L/E, providing a sensitive probe of Planck-scale physics within a four-flavor neutrino phenomenology framework.
Concurrence fill and mode distribution of entanglement in neutrino oscillation
Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai（印度理工学院比莱分校）；SOA University（SOA大学）；Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata（加尔各答科学教育与研究所）；National Institute of Science Education and Research（国家科学教育与研究所）
The entanglement extended Polyakov--Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model at zero chemical potential in the presence of an external magnetic field is studied. The effect of the entanglement parametrization is analyzed, in particular, on the pseudocritical transition temperatures and on the thermodynamical properties of the model. The model predicts that the coincidence or not of both chiral and deconfinement transition temperatures, in the presence of an external magnetic field, depends on the entanglement parametrization chosen.
We point out that Higgs rates into gauge bosons can be significantly modified in composite pseudo Nambu--Goldstone boson (pNGB) Higgs models if quarks belonging to the first two generation are relatively composite objects as well. Although the lightness of the latter a priori screen them from the electroweak symmetry breaking sector, we show, in an effective two-site description, that their partners can lead to order one shifts in radiative Higgs couplings to gluons and photons. Moreover, due to the pseudo-Goldstone nature of the Higgs boson, the size of these corrections is completely control…
Extreme conditions present in the interiors of the core-collapse supernovae make neutrino-neutrino interactions not only feasible but dominant in specific regions, leading to the non-linear evolution of the neutrino flavor. Results obtained when such collective neutrino oscillations are treated in the mean-field approximation deviate from the results using the many-body picture because of the ignored quantum correlations. We present the first three flavor many-body calculations of the collective neutrino oscillations. The entanglement is quantified in terms of the entanglement entropy and the …
Spin-flavor entanglement in $Λ_b \to ΛD$ and weak phase extraction
Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院近代物理研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS（中国科学院大学杭州高等研究院）；Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学物理与天文学院暨李政道研究所）
Localization effects and quantum decoherence driven by the mass-eigenstate wave packet propagation are shown to support a statistical correlation between quantum entanglement and damped oscillations in the scenario of three-flavor quantum mixing for neutrinos. Once the mass-eigenstates that support flavor oscillations are identified as three-{\em qubit} modes, a decoherence scale can be extracted from correlation quantifiers, namely the entanglement of formation and the logarithmic negativity. Such a decoherence scale is compared with the coherence length of damped oscillations. Damping signat…
We investigate theta-vacuum effects on the QCD phase diagram for the realistic 2+1 flavor system, using the three-flavor Polyakov-extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model and the entanglement PNJL model as an extension of the PNJL model. The theta-vacuum effects make the chiral transition sharper. For large theta-vacuum angle the chiral transition becomes first order even if the quark number chemical potential is zero, when the entanglement coupling between the chiral condensate and the Polyakov loop is taken into account. We finally propose a way of circumventing the sign problem on lattice Q…
Flavor--Kinetic Entanglement Production from Decay and Scattering at Finite Density
School of Physics, Peking University（北京大学物理学院）；State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University（北京大学核物理与技术国家重点实验室）；Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University（北京大学高能物理中心）；School of Physics, Beihang University（北京航空航天大学物理学院）
As a result of a non-trivial mixing matrix, neutrinos cannot be simultaneously in a flavor and mass eigenstate. We formulate and discuss information entropic relations that quantify the associated quantum uncertainty. We also formulate a protocol to determine the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) matrix from quantum manipulations and measurements on an entangled lepton-neutrino pair. The entangled state features neutrino oscillations in a conditional probability involving measurements on the lepton and the neutrino. They can be switched off by choosing a specific observable on the lepton …
New physics thresholds which can modify the diphoton and dilepton Higgs branching ratios significantly may also provide new sources of CP and lepton flavor violation. We find that limits on electric dipole moments impose strong constraints on any CP-odd contributions to Higgs diphoton decays unless there are degeneracies in the Higgs sector that enhance CP-violating mixing. We exemplify this point in the language of effective operators and in simple UV-complete models with vector-like fermions. In contrast, we find that electric dipole moments and lepton flavor violating observables provide le…
We examine the feasibility of the Bell test (i.e., detecting a violation of the Bell inequality) with the ATLAS detector in Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN through the flavor entanglement between the B mesons. After addressing the possible issues that arise associated with the experiment and how they may be treated based on an analogy with conventional Bell tests, we show in our simulation study that under realistic conditions (expected from the LHC Run 3 operation) the Bell test is feasible under mild assumptions. The definitive factor for this promising result lies primarily in the fact …
We investigate the importance of going beyond the mean-field approximation in the dynamics of collective neutrino oscillations. To expand our understanding of the coherent neutrino oscillation problem, we apply concepts from many-body physics and quantum information theory. Specifically, we use measures of nontrivial correlations (otherwise known as "entanglement") between the constituent neutrinos of the many-body system, such as the entanglement entropy and the Bloch vector of the reduced density matrix. The relevance of going beyond the mean field is demonstrated by comparisons between the …
Flavor oscillations in elementary particle physics are related to multi-mode entanglement of single-particle states. We show that mode entanglement can be expressed in terms of flavor transition probabilities, and therefore that single-particle entangled states acquire a precise operational characterization in the context of particle mixing. We treat in detail the physically relevant cases of two- and three-flavor neutrino oscillations, including the effective measure of CP violation. We discuss experimental schemes for the transfer of the quantum information encoded in single-neutrino states …
Entanglement suppression in the strong interaction $S$-matrix is shown to be correlated with approximate spin-flavor symmetries that are observed in low-energy baryon interactions, the Wigner $SU(4)$ symmetry for two flavors and an $SU(16)$ symmetry for three flavors. We conjecture that dynamical entanglement suppression is a property of the strong interactions in the infrared, giving rise to these emergent symmetries and providing powerful constraints on the nature of nuclear and hypernuclear forces in dense matter.
By analyzing the analogies between the effective system of $N$ spins described by the Ising Hamiltonian and the phenomenon of the self--gravity in mixed particle systems, we show that cooled ions held in a segmented ion trap and exposed to a magnetic field gradient can simulate the proposed mechanism of mutual interaction in mixed neutrino system. We show that with trapped ions one can reproduce the expected corrections to the flavor transitions and the $CPT$ violation induced by gravity on flavor fields, which may have played an important role in the early stages of the universe. The results …
Wave-particle duality and entanglement in neutrino oscillation
Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai（印度理工学院比莱分校）；Berhampur University（布巴内斯瓦尔大学）；Nimapara Autonomous College（尼马帕拉自治学院）；Siksha ’O’ Anusandhan（锡卡奥阿南桑丹大学）；Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata（加尔各答科学教育研究印度研究所）；Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar（布巴内斯瓦尔物理研究所）
We discuss the supersymmetric CP problem that arises when the sfermion soft mass universality is modified. We place the 3rd generation SU(5) ten-plet sfermion masses in the weak scale in view of the naturalness. The other sfermion masses are assumed to be universal and a TeV scale in order to weaken the flavor changing neutral current processes and electric dipole moment (EDM) constraints. However this modification generically induces too large up quark chromo-EDM (CEDM) via the weak scale stop loop. In order to suppress this CEDM, we propose certain type of flavor structure where the paramete…
From mass textures point of view, we present a comparative study of the $\mathbf{S}_{3}$ flavor symmetry in the left-right symmetry model (LRSM) and the baryon minus lepton model (BLM) taking into account their predictions on the CKM mixing matrix. To do this, we recover the already studied quark mass matrix, that comes from some published papers, and under certain strong assumption, one can show that there are predictive scenarios in the LRSM and BLM where the modified Fritzsch and nearest neighbor interaction (NNI) textures drive respectively the quark mixings. As main result, the CKM mixing…
Dense neutrino gases form in extreme astrophysical sites, and the flavor content of the neutrinos likely has an important impact on the subsequent dynamical evolution of their environment. Through coherent forward scattering among neutrinos, the flavor content of the gas evolves under a time-dependent potential which can be modeled in a quantum many-body formalism as an all-to-all coupled spin-spin interaction. This two-body potential generically introduces entanglement and greatly complicates the study of these systems. In this work we study the evolution of the quantum many-body problem as w…
We present a modified version of the Koide formula from a scalar potential model or from a Yukawaon model, based on scalar fields set up in a nonet representation of the SU(3) flavor symmetry in the Standard Model. The Koide's character, which involves the Standard Model fermion mass ratios, is derived from the vacuum expectation value of the nonet field in either model. The scalar potential in the scalar potential model or the superpotential in the Yukawaon model is constructed with all terms invariant under symmetries. The resulting Koide's character, which is modified by two effective param…
In this paper, we consider the quantum correlations, coherence and entanglement, in neutrino oscillation. We find that the $l_{1}$-norm as a coherence measure is equal to sum of the three possible concurrences for measuring the entanglement among different flavor modes which were calculated in the paper by (M. Blasone et al., Europhys. Lett., {\bf 112}, 20007). Our result shows that the origin of the flavor entanglement in neutrino oscillation is the same as that of quantum coherence. Furthermore, in the wave packet framework, the variation of $l_{1}$-norm is investigated by varying the wave p…
In a residual $\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry approach, we investigate minimally perturbed Majorana neutrino mass matrices. Constraint relations among the low energy neutrino parameters are obtained. Baryogenesis is realized through flavored leptogenesis mechanism with quasi-degenerate right handed (RH) heavy neutrinos.
We study the consequences of CPT and lepton number violation in neutrino sector. For CPT violation we take gravity with which neutrino and antineutrino couple differently. Gravity mixes neutrino and antineutrino in an unequal ratio to give two mass eigenstates. Lepton number violation interaction together with CPT violation gives rise to neutrino-antineutrino oscillation. Subsequently, we study the neutrino flavor mixing and oscillation under the influence of gravity. It is found that gravity changes flavor oscillation significantly which influences the relative abundance of different flavors …
The phenomena of particle mixing and flavor oscillations in elementary particle physics can be addressed by the point of view of quantum information theory, and described in terms of multi-mode entanglement of single-particle states. In this paper we show that such a description can be extended to the domain of quantum field theory, where we uncover a fine structure of quantum correlations associated with multi-mode, multi-particle entanglement. By means of an entanglement measure based on the linear entropies associated with all the possible bipartitions, we analyze the entanglement in the st…
Hadron production in relativistic nuclear collisions is well described in the framework of the Statistical Hadronization Model (SHM). We investigate the influence on SHM predictions of hadron mass spectra for light-flavor baryons and mesons modified by the addition of about 500 new states as predicted by lattice QCD and a relativistic quark model. The deterioration of the resulting thermodynamic fit quality obtained for PbPb collision data at sqrt(s_nn) = 2.76 TeV suggests that the additional states are not suited to be naively used since also interactions among the states as well as non-reson…
Spectroscopy of Heavy-Light Mesons ($c\bar{s}$, $c\bar{q}$, $b\bar{s}$, $b\bar{q}$) for the linear plus modified Yukawa potential using Nikiforov-Uvarov Method
In the physics of flavor mixing, the flavor states are given by superpositions of mass eigenstates. By using the occupation number to define a multiqubit space, the flavor states can be interpreted as multipartite mode-entangled states. By exploiting a suitable global measure of entanglement, based on the entropies related to all possible bipartitions of the system, we analyze the correlation properties of such states in the instances of three- and four-flavor mixing. Depending on the mixing parameters, and, in particular, on the values taken by the free phases, responsible for the CP-violatio…
The flavor evolution of neutrinos in environments with large neutrino number densities is an open problem at the nexus of astrophysics and neutrino flavor physics. Among the many unanswered questions pertaining to this problem, it remains to be determined whether neutrino-neutrino coherent scattering can give rise to nontrivial quantum entanglement among neutrinos, and whether this can affect the flavor evolution in a meaningful way. To gain further insight into this question, here we study a simple system of two interacting neutrino beams, and obtain the exact phase-space explored by this sys…
We propose a special type-I seesaw scenario in which the Yukawa coupling matrix $Y^{}_ν$ can be fully reconstructed by using the light Majorana neutrino masses $m^{}_i$, the heavy Majorana neutrino masses $M^{}_i$ and the PMNS lepton flavor mixing matrix $U$. It is the RGE-induced correction to the seesaw relation that helps interpret the observed baryon-antibaryon asymmetry of the Universe via flavored resonant thermal leptogenesis with $M^{}_1 \simeq M^{}_2 \ll M^{}_3$. We show that our idea works well in either the $τ$-flavored regime with equilibrium temperature $T \simeq M^{}_1 \in (10^9,…
We study the effects of flavor changing neutrino interactions on the resonant conversion of solar neutrinos. In particular, we describe how the regions in the $Delta m^2 - sin^2 2theta$ plane that are consistent with the four solar neutrino experiments are modified for different strengths of New Physics neutrino interactions.
Correlations exhibited by neutrino oscillations are studied via quantum information theoretic quantities. We show that the strongest type of entanglement, genuine multipartite entanglement, is persistent in the flavour changing states. We prove the existence of Bell-type nonlocal features, in both its absolute and genuine avatars. Finally, we show that a measure of nonclassicality, dissension, which is a generalization of quantum discord to the tripartite case, is nonzero for almost the entire range of time in the evolution of an initial electron-neutrino. Via these quantum information theoret…
We discuss the {\em intermediate} wave-packet formalism for analytically quantifying the energy dependence of the two-flavor conversion formula that is usually considered for analyzing neutrino oscillations and adjusting the focusing horn, target position and/or detector location of some flavor conversion experiments. Following a sequence of analytical approximations where we consider the second-order corrections in a power series expansion of the energy, we point out a {\em residual} time-dependent phase which, in addition to some well known wave-packet effects, can subtly modify the oscillat…
Can we observe the solar eclipses in the neutrino light? In principle, this is possible by identifying the lunar matter effects on the flavor conversions of solar neutrinos when they traverse the Moon before reaching the detectors at the Earth. Unfortunately, we show that the lunar matter effects on the survival probability of solar $^8{\rm B}$ neutrinos are suppressed by an additional factor of $1.2\%$, compared to the day-night asymmetry. However, we point out that the matter effects on the flavor conversions of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, when they propagate through the Sun, can be…
We report on the $U_{A}(1)$ symmetry restoration resulting due to temperature dependence of the coefficient c(T) for the Kobayashi-Maskawa-'t Hooft determinant (KMT) term in a modified 2+1 flavor Polyakov loop quark meson model having fermionic vacuum correction term (PQMVT).Temperature dependence of KMT coupling c(T) drives the non-strange condensate melting to significantly smaller temperatures in comparison to the constant c case.Further due to c(T), $m_{η^{\prime}}$ decreases from its vacuum value by 220 MeV near T=176 MeV after the chiral transition ($T_{c}^χ=154.9$ MeV).This is similar t…
A unique description avoiding confusion is presented for all flavor oscillation experiments in which particles of a definite flavor are emitted from a localized source. The probability for finding a particle with the wrong flavor must vanish at the position of the source for all times. This condition requires flavor-time and flavor-energy factorizations which determine uniquely the flavor mixture observed at a detector in the oscillation region; i.e. where the overlaps between the wave packets for different mass eigenstates are almost complete. Oscillation periods calculated for ``gedanken'' t…
Flavor physics has been crucial in the development of particle physics and it will keep being so in the future. Nowadays, this kind of processes, in particular lepton flavor changing observed in neutrino oscillations, give us the clearest evidence of the fact that the Standard Model of fundamental interactions needs to be modified. Some of the most popular theories that try to asses this issue postulate the existence of new heavy right-handed neutrinos, with masses in the energy range that the LHC experiment is currently exploring. In this thesis, we study the connection between the possible e…
We explain the imbalance of the flavor mixing angles between the quark and the lepton sectors in the context of the SU(5) GUT with the see-saw mechanism. The quark masses and the CKM matrix elements are obtained by using, respectively, the Fritzsch and Branco - Silva-Marcos form for the up- and down-quark Yukawa matrices (y^u and y^d) at the GUT scale. The charged-lepton Yukawa matrix (y^e) is the transpose of y^d, modified by the Georgi-Jarlskog factor. We show that the neutrino masses and mixing angles suggested by the recent solar and atmospheric neutrinos are then obtained from a simple te…
We show how a minimization principle of quantum entanglement between the oscillating flavors of a neutrino leads to a unique prediction for the CP-violation phase in the neutrino sector without assuming extra symmetries in the Standard Model. We find a theoretical prediction consistent with either no CP-violation or a very small presence of it.
We report on recent results about entanglement in the context of particle mixing and oscillations. We study in detail single-particle entanglement arising in two-flavor neutrino mixing. The analysis is performed first in the context of Quantum Mechanics, and then for the case of Quantum Field Theory.
We investigate and quantify various measures of bipartite and tripartite entanglement in the context of two and three flavor neutrino oscillations. The bipartite entanglement is analogous to the entanglement swapping resulting from a beam splitter in quantum optics. For the three neutrino systems various measures of tripartite entanglement are explored. The significant result is that a monogamy inequality in terms of negativity leads to a residual entanglement, implying true tripartite entanglement in the three neutrino system. This leads us to an analogy of the three neutrino state with a gen…
We calculate coherent neutrino and antineutrino flavor transformation in the supernova environment, for the first time including a self-consistent treatment of forward scattering-induced coupling and entanglement of intersecting neutrino/antineutrino trajectories. For the atmospheric neutrino mass-squared difference we find that in the normal (inverted) mass hierarchy the more tangentially-propagating (radially-propagating) neutrinos and antineutrinos can initiate collective, simultaneous medium-enhanced flavor conversion of these particles across broad ranges of energy and propagation directi…
It is practically shown that a pair of neutrinos from tau decay can form a flavor entangled state. With this kind of state we show that the locality constrains imposed by Bell inequality are violated by the quantum mechanics, and an experimental test of this effect is feasible within the earth's length scale. Theoretically, the quantum entanglement of neutrino pairs can be employed to the use of long distance cryptography distribution in a protocol similar to the BB84.
