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arXiv 2604.00331cs.DS
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随机贪心匹配算法分析的统一框架

A Unified Framework for Analysis of Randomized Greedy Matching Algorithms

Northeastern University(东北大学)

Mahsa Derakhshan, Tao Yu

AI总结:

本文提出统一框架分析随机贪心匹配算法,改进Ranking和FRanking的近似比,同时为无短奇环图提供更优近似比。

摘要:

随机贪心算法是计算图中近似匹配的简单而有效的方法。本文聚焦于顶点迭代(VI)随机贪心匹配算法,按顺序π处理图G=(V,E)的顶点,并根据偏好顺序σ(v)贪心匹配每个顶点。我们开发了分析此类算法的统一框架,并利用该框架改进了Ranking和FRanking的近似比。Ranking使用均匀随机决策顺序作为共同偏好顺序,而FRanking使用对抗性决策顺序和均匀随机偏好顺序。我们获得Ranking的近似比为0.560,优于Derakhshan等人[2026]的0.5469。对于FRanking,我们获得0.539的比值,优于Huang等人[2020]的0.521。这些结果也表明了对一般图上无偏匹配和完全在线匹配问题的最优近似比。我们的分析框架还使我们能够证明无短奇环图的改进近似比。此类图是介于一般图和二分图之间的中间类别。特别是,我们证明Ranking在无三角形和无五边形的图中至少为0.570-竞争。对于最短奇环长度至少为129的图,我们证明Ranking至少为0.615-竞争。

英文摘要:

Randomized greedy algorithms form one of the simplest yet most effective approaches for computing approximate matchings in graphs. In this paper, we focus on the class of vertex-iterative (VI) randomized greedy matching algorithms, which process the vertices of a graph $G=(V,E)$ in some order $π$ and, for each vertex $v$, greedily match it to the first available neighbor according to a preference order $σ(v)$. Various VI algorithms have been studied, each corresponding to a different distribution over $π$ and $σ(v)$. We develop a unified framework for analyzing this family of algorithms and use it to obtain improved approximation ratios for Ranking and FRanking, the state-of-the-art randomized greedy algorithms for the random-order and adversarial-order settings, respectively. In Ranking, the decision order is drawn uniformly at random and used as the common preference order, whereas FRanking uses an adversarial decision order and a uniformly random preference order shared by all vertices. We obtain an approximation ratio of $0.560$ for Ranking, improving on the $0.5469$ bound of Derakhshan et al. [SODA 2026]. For FRanking, we obtain a ratio of $0.539$, improving on the $0.521$ bound of Huang et al. [JACM 2020]. These results also imply state-of-the-art approximation ratios for oblivious matching and fully online matching problems on general graphs. Our analysis framework also enables us to prove improved approximation ratios for graphs with no short odd cycles. Such graphs form an intermediate class between general graphs and bipartite graphs. In particular, we show that Ranking is at least $0.570$-competitive for graphs that are both triangle-free and pentagon-free. For graphs whose shortest odd cycle has length at least $129$, we prove that Ranking is at least $0.615$-competitive.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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