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arXiv 2603.29499eess.SYcs.LGcs.ROcs.SYmath.OC
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基于模型预测路径积分PID的路径跟随学习控制

Model Predictive Path Integral PID Control for Learning-Based Path Following

organization= Toyota Central R\&D Labs., Inc. , addressline= Nagakute 480-1192 , country= Japan

Teruki Kato, Koshi Oishi, Seigo Ito

AI总结:

本文提出MPPI-PID控制方法,通过在每个控制步骤中用MPPI优化PID参数,替代高维输入序列优化,提升样本效率并产生更平滑的输入。

摘要:

经典比例-积分-微分(PID)控制在工业应用中被广泛使用;然而,为了实现更高性能,通常采用模型预测控制(MPC)。尽管基于梯度的方法是实时优化的标准,但基于采样的方法最近引起了关注。特别是,模型预测路径积分(MPPI)控制能够实现无梯度优化,并适应非可微模型和目标函数。然而,直接采样控制输入序列可能导致不连续的输入并使优化维度与预测时间 horizon 成正比。本文提出MPPI-PID控制,通过在每个控制步骤中用MPPI优化PID增益,从而将直接的高维输入序列优化替换为低维增益空间优化。这种形式提高了样本效率并通过PID结构产生更平滑的输入。我们还提供了理论见解,包括信息论解释,将MPPI和MPPI-PID统一起来,分析优化维度对样本效率的影响,并表征由PID结构引起的输入连续性。所提出的方法在使用残差学习动力学模型(结合物理模型和神经网络)的微型叉车学习路径跟随上进行了评估。通过使用实际驾驶数据进行系统识别。数值路径跟随实验表明,MPPI-PID相比固定增益PID在跟踪性能上有所改进,并且在与传统MPPI相比时实现了相似的性能,同时显著减少了输入增量。此外,所提出的方法即使在样本数量大幅减少时仍能保持良好的性能,证明了其改进的样本效率。

英文摘要:

Classical proportional--integral--derivative (PID) control remains widely used in industrial control systems, while model predictive control (MPC) is actively studied to achieve higher performance for systems with nonlinear dynamics. Model predictive path integral (MPPI) control is a sampling-based MPC method that optimizes control inputs without gradient calculations and can handle non-differentiable models and objective functions. However, conventional MPPI directly samples control-input sequences, which can produce large temporal input increments and causes the optimization dimension to grow with the prediction horizon. This study proposes MPPI--PID control, which uses MPPI to optimize PID gains online instead of directly optimizing the control-input sequences. By replacing high-dimensional input-sequence optimization with low-dimensional gain-space optimization while retaining the PID structure, the proposed formulation improves sampling efficiency and promotes smoother control inputs. Theoretical analyses are provided for a unified path-integral update, the relation between optimization dimension and effective sample size, and the temporal correlation of input perturbations induced by the PID structure. The method is evaluated on a learning-based path following of a mini forklift using a residual-learning dynamics model that combines a physical model and a neural network identified from real-machine driving data. Numerical results show that MPPI--PID improves tracking performance over fixed-gain PID, yields smaller input increments than conventional MPPI, and maintains favorable performance under reduced sampling budgets.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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