突破平衡态的笼子
Cage Breaking Far from Equilibrium
AI总结：
本文研究了活性物质在非平衡态下突破笼子的现象，通过构建熵景观分析其动态行为，揭示了活动性如何重塑笼子结构和不可逆性。
摘要：
活性物质在被动物质通常会堵塞和减慢的条件下能够流动和形变，因为自推进显著调节了粒子从局部笼子中逃逸。然而，活动性在微观上如何重塑笼子环境以产生这种效应仍不明确。本文研究了一个最小的活性物质笼子破裂模型：三个可区分的自推进圆盘在圆形约束下的行为。这种简单的设置允许我们构建重新排列的熵景观，并与其平衡态对应物进行精确比较。在低活动性下景观基本上是双稳的，而在高活动性下它发展出额外的亚稳盆地，与边界处的受挫簇相关。我们量化了系统偏离平衡的程度，并显示当持久长度与粒子半径匹配时，笼子破裂最快，将几何微观尺度与活性玻璃的增强动力学联系起来。将景观扩展到二维揭示了循环的概率电流，并且马尔可夫状态描述显示了详细平衡在连续景观动态和粗粒化转变之间均被打破。我们的结果提供了一个最小的微观框架，用于理解活动性如何重塑笼子、松弛和不可逆性在密集非平衡物质中的作用。
英文摘要：
Active matter can flow and yield under conditions where passive matter jams and slows down, as self-propulsion significantly modulates particle escape from local cages. How activity microscopically reshapes the caging environment to produce this effect, however, remains poorly understood. Here we study a minimal active-matter model of cage breaking: three distinguishable self-propelling disks under circular confinement. This simple setting allows us to construct an entropic landscape for rearrangements and to compare it exactly with its equilibrium counterpart. At low activity the landscape is effectively bistable, whereas at high activity it develops additional metastable basins associated with frustrated clusters at the boundary. We quantify the system's departure from equilibrium and show that cage breaking is fastest when the persistence length matches the particle radius, linking a geometric microscopic scale to the enhanced dynamics of active glasses. Extending the landscape to two dimensions reveals circulating probability currents, and a Markov-state description shows that detailed balance is broken both in the continuous landscape dynamics and in the coarse-grained transitions between entropic basins. Our results provide a minimal microscopic framework for understanding how activity reshapes caging, relaxation, and irreversibility in dense nonequilibrium matter.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
